peutinger 1-12.kmz

Peutinger
Coastal stations, shown in the Peutinger map:

Africa

Coast

W to Carthage

Lac Fetzara

Path

Rusibricari Matidis
Rusibricari Matidis = Sahel Bouberak ?
Rusibricari Matidis = Foret de Bouberak ?
Rusibricari Matidis = Rivus Serbetos = Rou Sebaou ?
Matidis = Mazar + Thiza (10 miles E) ?
Σέρβητος* = Serbetos = modern Sebaou river
* In Ptolemy
22 to Cissi Municipio

Cissi Municipio
Κισσή
Cissa
Cissa (Ptolemy) = Cissi Municipio (Peutinger)
Cissa = Issah + Djene = Issenadjene ?
Cissa = Issah = Iflis(s)en ?
22 to Rusibricari Matidis
12 to Rusucurrv. Colonia

Rusucurrv. Colonia
Ῥουσουκκόραι ( ἢ Ρουσοκκόρου )
Rousouccorai (or Rousoccorou)
Rousouccorai (Ptolemy) = Rusucurrv.* Colonia (Peutinger)
* Rusucurrv. = Rusucurrorum
[Exact location unknown, but somewhere on this bay.]
Rousoccorou = Ras* + Occorrou = Akerrou ?
Rousoccorou =               Occorrou = Yakouren ?
Rousouccorai = Buzahgarai = Bizarga ?
Rousouccorai = Buzahcarai = Ibsekriyen ?
Rousouccorai = Uzahcarai = Agni Ucereqi ?
Rousoccorou = Hrazaggarut = Tazaghart ?
Rousoccorou = Hrazaggarut = Thiza?
* Arabic for "beach"
12 to Cissi Municipio
28 [but should be 8] to Iommio Municipio, as Ptolemy shows this location on the coast, not inland.
12 to Tigisi

Iommio Municipio
Ἰόμνιον (ἢ Ἰόμνυον )
Jomn(i/y)on
Jomn(i/y)on (Ptolemy) = Iommio Municipio (Peutinger)
Jomn(i/y)on = Ijermenane
28 [but should be 8] to Rusucurrv. Colonia, as Ptolemy shows it on the coast, not inland.
13 to Rusippisir Municipio

Rusippisir Municipio
Ῥουσουβησὴς ( ἢ Ρουσουβιρσίς )
Rousoubeses (or Rousoubirsis)
Rousoubeses (Ptolemy) = Rusippisir Municipio (Peutinger)
Rousoubira = Juppura = Djebla(a) ?
Rousoubeses = Bezit ?
Rousoubirsis = Birzirha = Bizarga (On the coast) ?
Rousoubirsis = Boudzouwar = Taguemount Boudrar ??
42 [misspelled; should be 13] to Iommino Municipio
23 [but should be 3] to Rusazu Municipium

Rusazu Municipium
Ρουσαζοῦς
Rousazous
Rousazous (Ptolemy) = Rusazu Municipium (Peutinger)
Rousazous = Husarhus = Usalush = Ayt Usalah (inland) ??
Rousazous = Husarhus = Usalush = Azoualen (inland) ??
Rousazous = Boudzazuz = Bou Daoud* (coast) ??
Rousazous = Ddas (coast) ??
Rousazous = Bouhadzuh = Bouhatem (inland) ??
Rousazous = Tuzazuts = Tamejjut* (inland) ??
* Daoud is Arabic for "David"
* Unlikely; this is probably the local tribal name Tamazig.
23 [but should be 3] to Rusippisir Municipio
25 [but should be 5] to Saldas Colonia

Saldas Colonia ?
Σάλδαι κολωνία .
Saldai Colonia
Saldai Colonia (Ptolemy) = Saldas Colonia (Peutinger)
Saldai = Tsaleba = Tala Hiba (inland) ?
Saldai = Tsaledza = Talezta (inland) ?
Saldai = Tsaldja = Toudja (inland) ?
Saldai = H'Salha = Ayt Usalah (inland) ?
Saldai = Tsardah = Tardam (inland) ??
Saldai = Sahta = Sacheta = Saket (coast) ?
Saldai = Tsalai = Tala = Tala Yilef (coast) ?
Saldai = Tsalai = Tala = Taranimt (coast) ?
Saldai = Sada = Irhil N'Said (to the West) ??
25 [but should be 5] to Rusazu Municipium
25 [but should be 5] to Buhas Municipium
26 to Mustubio Horreta
=== Strabo, XVII:12 ===
Between Caesareia and Tretum is a large harbour called Salda, which is now a boundary between the territories subject to Juba and the Romans;

Muztubio Horreta ?
Mustubio Horreta = Boustuh Harra = Boutahar ?
Mustubio Horreta = Boustuh Harrath = At Bouchritie ?
Mustubio Horreta = Boustuh Harrath = Bouakraz ?
Horreta = Taramante ?
26 to Saldas Colonia
28 to Mustubio Horreta

Choba Municipium ?
Χωβὰθ [ ἢ Χωβάτ]
Chobat(h)
Chobat(h) (Ptolemy) = Choba (Peutinger)
Choba Municipium = Chorfa/Cheurfa ?
Choba Municipium = Thoba = Et Toubabcha ??
Choba Municipium = [Under the "Barrage d'Erraguene" lake] ??
28 to Muztubio Horreta
38 to Tgilgili [Coastal route]

Igilgili
Ιγίλγιλι ( ἢ Ιγιλγίλει ἢ Ἰγιλγιλεῖ ἢ Ιγιλγίλη)
Igilgil(e)(i)
Igilgil(e)(i) (Ptolemy) = Igilgili (Peutinger)
Igilgile = Jijel
38 to Choba Municipium
33 to Ad Basilica.
24 to Paccianis Matihs

Paccianis Matihs
Paccianis Matihs = Balchiamus = Belghimouz ?
24 to Igilgili
60 [but should be 40] to Chullu

Chullu
Κόλλοψ μέγας ἢ Κούλλου
Great Kollops, or Koullou
The great peg, or Koullou
Koullou (Ptolemy) = Chullu (Peutinger)
Koullou = Collo
Chullu = Collo
Chullu = El Harrouch ?
60 to Paccianus Matihe
50 to Rusicade Colonia

Rsicade.Colonia
Ῥουσικάδα
Rousicada
Θουζικὰθ ἢ Οὐζικάθ
(Th)Ouzicath
Rousicada (Ptolemy) =
= (Th)Ouzicath (Ptolemaic revision)
= Rusicade Colonia (Peutinger)
Rusicade Colonia = Skikda ?
50 to Chullu
25 to Baratianis
44 to Hedibus
30 to Ad villam

Paratianis
Palatinis = "Paratianis la cite Enterree"
Palatinis = Balutina = Bou Ballouta
25 to Rusicade Colonia
16 [but should be 6] to Culucitani

Culucitani
Ολκαχίτης κόλπος
Olcachites colpos
Olcachites Gulf
Olcachites (Ptolemy) = Culucitani (Peutinger)
Culucitani = Curucha = Cherka ?
16 [but should be 6] to Paratianis
8 to Zaca

Zaca
Zaca = Zgaa
8 to Culucitani
8 [but should be 18] to Muharur*
* Lac [Lake] Fetzara was probably too large or marshy to enable travel along its shore, hence necessitating the over-mountain route to Muharur.

Muharur
Muharur = Fedzh-Madaiur
8 to Zaca*
8 to Tacatua

Tacatua
Τακατύη
Tacatua (Ptolemy) = Tacatua (Peutinger)
Tacatua = Tacha
8 to Muharur
18 [but should be 8] to Subluev

Subluev
Subluev = Suhleb = Sellem = Sellami ?
18 [but should be 8] to Tacatua
33 [but should be 28] to Hippone Regio

Hippone Regio
Ἵππου ἄκρα
Hippou acra
Horse promontory
Ἱππὼν βασιλικός
Hippon Basilicos
Hippou acra (Ptolemy) =
= Hippou Basilicos (Ptolemaic revision) =
= Hippone Regio (Peutinger)
[Regius (Latin) and Basilicos (Greek), mean essentially the same thing, but whether the Greek is pre-Roman, or (more likely) a later Byzantine addition, is doubtful. It could even be a name derived directly from St. Augustine's Basilica.
The fact that this is Ptolemaic longitude 30.33, is the clue that this is a later edit by a Ptolemaic revision. For there is no way that there could be another Stoborron promontoryt (Ptolemaic longitude 30.17), in between here and the Hippou promontory (Ptolemaic longitude 30).]
Hippo = Chubbo = Oued Kouba
Hippo = Ubus river
Basilicos = Cite Seybouse ?
Basilicos = Baculita = Boukhadra ??
Basilicos = Baculita = Zi Pont Bouchet ??
Basilicos = Baculita = Shuali Belkasm ??
33 [but should be 28] to Subluev
15 to Ad Plumbaria
30 to Villam Servilianum
25 to Vico Juliani
50 to Odiana
5 to Ubus Flumen
(Hippo Regius, See of St. Augustine)

Ubus river
᾿Αμψάγα ποταμοῦ ἐκβολαί
Ampsaga river mouth
[This could be the 1st place where the river was crossable.]
Ampsaga river (Ptolemy) = Ubus river (Peutinger)
Ubus = Heubous = Oued Seybouse
Ampsaga = Annaba ?
Ampsaga = Hamm Bazaga = Hammam Debagh ?
Ampsaga = Ham Bzana = Bouhamdane ?
Ampsaga = Om-Bzaga = Oum El Bouaghi ?
Ampsaga = Bzagha = Sbaghe = Kasar Sbahi ?
Headwaters: 27.33, 26
5 to Hyppone Regio
10 to Armoniacum river

Armoniacum river

Armoniacum river
Armoniacum = Ahmohi-acuh = Bordj Hamaoui ?
Armoniacum = Charmoniaca = Ain Kerma ?
10 to Ubus river
15 to 🏚
=== Possible Ancient Course & Name ===
Roubricatou river (Ptolemy) = Armoniacum river (Peutinger) * ?
Ρουβρικάτου ποταμοῦ ἐκβολαί
Roubricatou potamou ecbolai
Reddened river's mouth
Rubra = "Red" in Latin, so
Rubra = "Reddened" in Latin
* This would require that the conjectured placename derivations, below, are correct.
Rubra = Roubricatos
Rubra = Lake Oubeira ?
Rubra = Roubricatos = Dar Loubit ?
Rubra = "Red" = 'Ahmar (أحمر)** = Cite Gharci Amara ?
Rubra = "Red" = Coccino (κόκκινο)*** = Sidi Kassi ?
Rubra = "Red" = Coccino (κόκκινο)*** = Meshtet Khakura ?
Rubra = "Red" = Erythros (ερυθρός)*** = Er Ririhia ??
Rubra = "Red" = Erythros (ερυθρός)*** = Berrihane ??
Rubra = Roubricatos = Berrichahuh = Berrihane ?
** "Chott" means salt morass in Arabic.
*** In Arabic

Possible (Past?) Diversion

Possible outlet
Armoniacum river
Armoniacum = Ahmohi-acuh = Bordj Hamaoui ?
Armoniacum = Charmoniaca = Ain Kerma ?
10 to Ubus river
15 to 🏚
=== Possible Ancient Course & Name ===
Roubricatou river (Ptolemy) = Armoniacum river (Peutinger) * ?
Ρουβρικάτου ποταμοῦ ἐκβολαί
Roubricatou potamou ecbolai
Reddened river's mouth
Rubra = "Red" in Latin, so
Rubra = "Reddened" in Latin
* This would require both that the conjectured placename derivations, below, are correct, and that the river once had a different mouth, passing through the bright blue diversion, and emptying further east, east of Stoborron Promontory.
Rubra = Roubricatos
Rubra = Lake Oubeira ?
Rubra = Roubricatos = Dar Loubit ?
Rubra = "Red" = 'Ahmar (أحمر)** = Cite Gharci Amara ?
Rubra = "Red" = Coccino (κόκκινο)*** = Sidi Kassi ?
Rubra = "Red" = Coccino (κόκκινο)*** = Meshtet Khakura ?
Rubra = "Red" = Erythros (ερυθρός)*** = Er Ririhia ??
Rubra = "Red" = Erythros (ερυθρός)*** = Berrihane ??
Rubra = Roubricatos = Berrichahuh = Berrihane ?
** "Chott" means salt morass in Arabic.
*** In Arabic

🏚
15 to Armoniacum river
15 to Tuniha

Tuniha
Tuniha = (Meshta/Foret De) Tonga
15 to 🏚
24 to Cabraca

Cabraca
Θάβρακα κολωνία
Thabraca Colonia
Thabraca Colonia (Ptolemy) = Cabraca (Peutinger)
Thabraca = Tabarka
24 to Timiha
60 to Ipponte Diarito

Ipponte Diarito

Ipponte Diarito
Ἱππὼν διάῤῥυτος
Hippon Diarrytos = Hippo Flowed/Pierced thru
Hippon Diarrytos (Ptolemy) = Ipponte Diarito (Peutinger) ?
Diarrytos = Zarytus* = Zarutzuh = Zarzouna ?
Diarrytos = Zarytus* = Zaruguh = Douar Zergoun ?
Diarrytos = Zarytus* = Zaruguh = Douar Zergoun ? Diarrytos = Di** + Zarytus = Bi** + Zertuh = Bizerte ? Basilicos = Baziriche = Bizerte ??
Basilicos = Bezhirie = Pecherie ?
=== Hippo === [It seems that Hippo is the promontory to the NW:]
Hippo = Dhibba = Marsa Dhouiba
Hippo = Huqqeh = Village Al Houichette*
* See Wikipedia below
** Di- and Bi- both means "2", hence Di- is the base of the preposition/prefix Dia- which means "Thru".
60 to Cabraca
20 to Tunisa
Caveat: Wikipedia below is clearly wrong, below, when it calls "Hippo Acra" Bizerte, because, if Hippon Basilicos is Bizerte, or anywhere West of Bizerte, then Hippo acra, which is west of Hippon Basilicos, can't be anywhere near Bizerte, that is, unless it was inserted as a later Ptolemaic revision. But in reality, Hippo acra is almost certainly instead Hippo Regius, far to the west.
=== Wikipedia on Bizerte ===
The classical name of Bizerte, Hippo, is the latinization of a Punic[3][4] name (Punic: 𐤏𐤐𐤅‬𐤍, ʿpwn),[5] probably related to the word ûbôn, meaning "harbor".[6] To distinguish it from Hippo Regius (the modern Annaba, in Algeria), the Greeks and Romans used several epithets. Scylax of Caryanda mentions it as Hippo Acra and Hippo Polis ("Hippo the City").[7][3] Polybius mentions it as Hippo Diarrhytus (Greek: Ἱππὼν διάρρυτος, Hippōn Diárrhytos), "Hippo Divided-by-the-Water", in reference to the town's prominent canal.[4] It also appears in Roman, Vandal, and Byzantine sources as Hippo Zarytus.[8] Its Arabic name Banzart (بنزرت) and the French and English forms derived from it all represent phonetic developments of its ancient name

Ipponte Diarito
Ἱππὼν βασιλικός
Hippon Basilicos
Hippon Basilicos (Ptolemy) = Ipponte Diarito (Peutinger) ?
Basilicos = Breshuruk = Dawwar Bechouk ?
Basilicos = Baziriche = Bizerte ?
Basilicos = Bezhirie = Pecherie ?
Hippo = Dhibba = Marsa Dhouiba
Hippo = Huqqeh = Village Al Houichette*
60 to Cabraca
20 to Tunisa
Wikipedia below is clearly wrong, below, when it calls Hippo acra Bizerte, because, if Hippon Basilicos is Bizerte, or anywhere West of Bizerte, then Hippo acra, which is west of Hippon Basilicos, can't be anywhere near Bizerte, that is, unless it was inserted as a later Ptolemaic revision.
=== Wikipedia on Bizerte ===
The classical name of Bizerte, Hippo, is the latinization of a Punic[3][4] name (Punic: 𐤏𐤐𐤅‬𐤍, ʿpwn),[5] probably related to the word ûbôn, meaning "harbor".[6] To distinguish it from Hippo Regius (the modern Annaba, in Algeria), the Greeks and Romans used several epithets. Scylax of Caryanda mentions it as Hippo Acra and Hippo Polis ("Hippo the City").[7][3] Polybius mentions it as Hippo Diarrhytus (Greek: Ἱππὼν διάρρυτος, Hippōn Diárrhytos), "Hippo Divided-by-the-Water", in reference to the town's prominent canal.[4] It also appears in Roman, Vandal, and Byzantine sources as Hippo Zarytus.[8] Its Arabic name Banzart (بنزرت) and the French and English forms derived from it all represent phonetic developments of its ancient name

Tunisa
Θούνουσθα
Thounoustha
Thounoustha (Ptolemy) = Tunisa (Peutinger)
Thounoustha = Tinjah ?
10 to Memblone
20 to Ipponte Diarito

Memblone ?
Memblone
[Sheer guess, based on distances below.]
10 to Tunisa
6 to Utica

Utica
Ἰτύκη
Ituca
=== Rotational Mistake ===
The listed Ptolemaic coordinates for Apollonos acron and for Ituca/Utica seem to be off, for
Ituca/Utica's Ptolemaic longitude of 33.67 would call for a point out in the ocean, east of Apollonos Acron's longitude of 33.5;
Apollonos Acron's latitude of 33.25 would call for a point out in the ocean, north of Hippon Diarrytos's latitude of 32.75, and indeed north even of all other preceding seaports to the West, so that Apollonos Acron would be Africa's northernmost point.
What has obviously happened here is that, in rounding Apollonos acron, the ancient mapmaker lost track of actual North, and now down here at Utica/Ituca, still thinks that North is what is merely *offshore*, namely, actual East.
Ituca (Ptolemy) = Utica* (Peutinger)
6 to Memblone
6 to Gallum Gallinatium
=== Wikipedia on Utica ===
The Greeks called it Ἰτύκη.[6][7]
=== Caesar's African War ===
The Uticans, though they hated his [Scipio's Republican] party, yet in consideration of his singular integrity, his behavior so different from that of the other chiefs, and because he had strengthened their town with wonderful fortifications, and increased the towers, interred him honorably.

Gallum Gallinatium ?
Gallum Gallinatium
"Chicken of Chickens"
Gallum = (La Sabela du) Kammoun ?
Gallum = "Oliveraie Ghariani w" ??
6 to Utica
15 to Carthage

Chartagine
Καρχηδὼν μέγα ἄστυ
Charchedon maga astu
Charchedon great city
Charchedon (Ptolemy) = Chartagine (Peutinger)
Karthago = Carthage = Charchedon
15 to Gallum Gallinatium
18 to Cicifa
14 to Adpertusa

Juba's Realm

Juba's Realm
=== Strabo, XVII:12 ===
Between Caesareia and Tretum is a large harbour called Salda, which is now a boundary between the territories subject to Juba and the Romans;

Juba's realm
=== Strabo, XVII:12 ===
Between Caesareia and Tretum is a large harbour called Salda, which is now a boundary between the territories subject to Juba and the Romans;

Carthage to Libya

Inlet
Inlet #1 east of Carthage, shown on Peutinger map

Thuni

Thuni
Θίνισσα
Thinissa
Thinissa (Ptolemy) = Thuni (Peutinger) = Thinissa (Ptolemaic reivsion)
Thinissa = Tunis
10 to Chartagine colon.*
* Note that the Peutinger map had nowhere to put this, and so haphazardly plotted it to the east of Chartagine colon (Carthage).
[Ptolemaic longitude perhaps should be 33.67, instead of 33. Perhaps a subsequent editor corrected it, upon encountering the rotational mistake mentioned in the Ituca/Utica and Hippon Diarrytos pins.]

Thuni ?
Θέμισα
Themisa
Themisa (Ptolemaic Revision) = Thunisa = Thuni (Peutinger) ?
[Notice that it is not clear from the several maps whether this placename is Thuni, Thum, or maybe even Thuns or Thuris. Despite both what is written below, as well as the depicted location, on all Peutinger maps, as being on this peninsula (not on Carthage's peninsula), yet the most likely site for this is still the major city of Ptolemaic "Thinissa" (modern Tunis), both by derived etymologies, and by being exactly the distance of 10 [miles] from Carthage.]
Thuni = Zhonhi = Dar Ejondi ?
Thum* = Ad Damus ?
Thuris = Burj (برج) = El Brij ??
Thuni = Dhuhi(la) = Douela ??

Maxula
Μαξούλα
Maxoula
Maxoula (Ptolemy) = Maxula (Peutinger)
Maxoula = Al Makhzan
Maxoula = Mahouwa = Meroua (city & forest) ?
20 or 27 [but should be 37] to Uthica
21 [but should be 9*] to Ad Aquas [drawn as a bathhouse]
7 to Thuni/Thum/Thuns/Thuris ??**
* It seems that the two distances (9 & 21) on either side of Ad Aquas were reversed.
** The most likely place for Thuni is at Tunis, west of Carthage, which means that this 7 (VII) should be read as part of the 20 (XX) to Uthica, i.e, 27 (XXVII).

Ad Aquas ?
Ad Aquas = "To the waters"
[Nominative case would be Aqua. Bathhouse depicted here]
"Baths" = Ad Thermas = Ad Damus ?
Aqua = Enquaa = Enchaa (11 miles NNE) ?
21 [but should be 9*] to Maxoula
9 [but should be, not 21, but 16*] to Ad Mercurium
* It seems that the 2 distances (9 & 21) on either side of Ad Aquas were reversed.

Ad Mercurium
Mercurius = Megueiss = Couried El Mgaiez
9 [but should be, not 21, but 16*] to Ad Aquas
6 to Vinavicus
* It seems that the two distances (9 & 21) on either side of Ad Aquas were reversed.

Vinavicus
Vicus = "village" in Latin
Vinavicus = Bina = Beni Khira
Vinavicus = Bina = Abene* ?
* This would be a more-closely-derived placename, however is far more 6 miles from Ad Mercurium.
6 to Ad Mercuriam
15 to Siagu [should be Neapolis*]
* The Peutinger map reverses Neapolis Colonia and Siagu (Siagoul). Additionally, this is measuring along the coast road, around the edge caps of the peninsula.

Cothon (Port of Adrumetum)

Cothon
Cothon (Caesar) = Cubin (Peutinger) ??
Cothon = Corthoon = Kerkouane* ?
Cubin = Cudin(?)** = ElKedoua ?
Cothon = Lac des Flamants ("Flamingos lake," here) ?
Cothon = Coth'ron = VChtourou beach (at the southern of the 2 pools) *** ?
[Note that this Cothon (1200 yds. long) would be the same size as that at Carthage (800 yds. long).]
* A major archaeological site, 7 miles SE. Thus the placename applies to both this inlet, and that site. See Wikipedia below.
** "-b-" Could easily be a misspelled "-d-": "Cudin": Note the similarity to the "-d-" in "Hadrito, right next to it:
*** Unlikely, as this Chtourou seems to be just a Tunisian family last name.
Peutinger Map:
[This Cothon bay should be ground-radar-searched for shipwrecks.]
=== Caesar's African Wars ===
Meantime Varus, astonished at Caesar's boldness and dispatch, tacked about with his whole fleet, and made the best of his way for Adrumetum. But Caesar, after four miles' sail, recovered one of his galleys, with the crew and a hundred and thirty of the enemy's men left to guard her; and took a three benched galley belonging to the enemy which had fallen astern during the engagement, with all the soldiers and mariners on board. The rest of the fleet doubled the cape, and made the port of Adrumetum in Cothon. Caesar could not double the cape with the same wind, but keeping the sea at anchor all night, appeared early next morning before Adrumetum. He set fire to all the transports without Cothon, and took what galleys he found there, or forced them into the harbor; and having waited some time to offer the enemy battle, returned again to his camp.
=== Wikipedia on Kerkouane ===
This Phoenician city was probably abandoned during the First Punic War (c. 250 BC) and was not rebuilt by the Romans.

Cothon ?
Cothon (Caesar) = Cubin (Peutinger) ??
Cothon = Corthoon = Kerkouane* ?
Cubin = Cudin(?)** = ElKedoua ?
Cothon = Lac des Flamants ("Flamingos lake," here) ?
Cothon = Coth'ron = VChtourou beach (at the southern of the 2 pools) *** ?
[Note that this Cothon (1200 yds. long), or even just its southern pool (700 yds. long), would be the same size as that at Carthage (800 yds. long).]
* A major archaeological site, 7 miles SE. Thus the placename applies to both this inlet, and that site. See Wikipedia below.
** "-b-" Could easily be a misspelled "-d-": "Cudin": Note the similarity to the "-d-" in "Hadrito, right next to it:
*** Unlikely, as this Chtourou seems to be just a Tunisian family last name.
Peutinger Map:
[This Cothon bay should be ground-radar-searched for shipwrecks.]
=== Caesar's African Wars ===
Meantime Varus, astonished at Caesar's boldness and dispatch, tacked about with his whole fleet, and made the best of his way for Adrumetum. But Caesar, after four miles' sail, recovered one of his galleys, with the crew and a hundred and thirty of the enemy's men left to guard her; and took a three benched galley belonging to the enemy which had fallen astern during the engagement, with all the soldiers and mariners on board. The rest of the fleet doubled the cape, and made the port of Adrumetum in Cothon. Caesar could not double the cape with the same wind, but keeping the sea at anchor all night, appeared early next morning before Adrumetum. He set fire to all the transports without Cothon, and took what galleys he found there, or forced them into the harbor; and having waited some time to offer the enemy battle, returned again to his camp.
=== Wikipedia on Kerkouane ===
This Phoenician city was probably abandoned during the First Punic War (c. 250 BC) and was not rebuilt by the Romans.

Main harbor

breakwaters

breakwater

fort ?

Cothon
Cothon (Caesar) = Cubin (Peutinger) ??
Cothon = Corthoon = Kerkouane* ?
Cubin = Cudin(?)** = ElKedoua ?
* A major archaeological site, 7 miles SE. Thus the placename applies to both this inlet, and that site. See Wikipedia below.
** "-b-" Could easily be a misspelled "-d-": "Cudin": Note the similarity to the "-d-" in "Hadrito, right next to it:
Peutinger Map:
[This Cothon bay should be ground-radar-searched for shipwrecks.]
=== Caesar's African Wars ===
Meantime Varus, astonished at Caesar's boldness and dispatch, tacked about with his whole fleet, and made the best of his way for Adrumetum. But Caesar, after four miles' sail, recovered one of his galleys, with the crew and a hundred and thirty of the enemy's men left to guard her; and took a three benched galley belonging to the enemy which had fallen astern during the engagement, with all the soldiers and mariners on board. The rest of the fleet doubled the cape, and made the port of Adrumetum in Cothon. Caesar could not double the cape with the same wind, but keeping the sea at anchor all night, appeared early next morning before Adrumetum. He set fire to all the transports without Cothon, and took what galleys he found there, or forced them into the harbor; and having waited some time to offer the enemy battle, returned again to his camp.
=== Wikipedia on Kerkouane ===
This Phoenician city was probably abandoned during the First Punic War (c. 250 BC) and was not rebuilt by the Romans.

marsh
Marsh could've been drained by subsequent channels.

river outlets

other river

Siagu
Σιαγούλ
Siagoul
Siagoul (Ptolemy) = Siagu (Peutinger)
=== Ptolemy's Location: ===
Siagoul = Shahgoula = Hadhcoura = Sidi Madhkour
Siagoul = Shahgoula = Hieghur = Echraf ?
Siagoul = Shahgoula = Hansahir Qasr Ghallab ?
(Ptolemy's Longitude-coordinate has this at 36, which is further [south-]east than all other relevant cities: Pudput, Mis(o)ua, Clypea/Clipeis, & Neapolis. If this is true, then the Peutinger map reversed Neapolis and Siag(o)u(l), and messed up all the distances.)
=== Peutinger Map's Location: ===
Siagoul = El Argoub (6 miles NW) ?
(The Peutinger map shows it on the west of the 2 inlets, and northwest of Pudput. If this is true, then both of the coordinates given by Ptolemy are wrong.)
15 [probably should be 5] to Vinavicus
3 to Pudput

Pudput ?
Pudput
[The etymological name seems to be located here at ElFoth, but the distances don't work out very well (See below), and the better site would be ElKedoua, 2 miles SE, were at least there is a Tell.]
Pudput = Phot = ElFoth ??
=== Cities 3 miles S ===
Pudput = Peh = Ben = Abene ??
Pudput = Phyd = Ryad ??
Pudput = Phyd = Erriadh ??
6 to Neapolis Colonia [but really Siagoul*]
12 thru Neapolis Colonia [but really Siagoul?*] to Misua.
12 thru Neapolis Colonia [but really Siagoul?*] to Clipeis.
* The Peutinger map maybe reverses Neapolis Colonia and Siag(o)u(l), depending upon which site is picked for Siag(o)u(l). It seems that the mapmaker was unaware that there were shorter, direct routes from Pudput to Misua and Clipeis, and just mailed the local residents, "How far is it to go from Pudput, thru Neapolis, to Misua and Clipeis?" and the residence answered back truthfully. Or perhaps the mapmaker was unable to believe that these cities on this peninsula were so close together, and so he just arbitrarily added "X" for 10 miles to all the distances between them.

Neapoli
Νεάπολις κολωνία
Neapolis Colonia
Neapolis (Ptolemy) = Neapoli (Peutinger)
[* Note that, depending on which of the 2 sites for Siag(o)u(l) are accepted, the Peutinger map may have swapped Neapolis Colonia and Siag(o)u(l). But etymological placename analysis reveals Neapolis Colonia to actually be here.]
[This is the only elevated tell around. Note the shape of the coastline and Neapolis' place on it, on the Peutinger map, which shows Neapolis' bay splitting the modern peninsula into two separate peninsulas.]
Neapolis = [Here.]
Neapolis = Bouhlisp = Bouhpisp = Bouhbib ?
15 to Vinavicus
3 to Pudput
* Note that, depending on which of the 2 sites for Siag(o)u(l) are accepted, the Peutinger map may have swapped Neapolis Colonia and Siag(o)u(l).

Νίσουα (Μίσουα)
(N/M)isoua
(N/M)isoua (Ptolemy) = Misua (Peutinger)
Nisoua = Hessahui = Bourj* Essalhi ?
Nisoua = Hehahui = Al Huwariyah (5 miles ENE)** ??
* Means "Castle" in Persian and Arabic.
** This name is found along the entire 6 miles of coastline from the pin here all the way to Al Huwariyah.
12 to Clipeis

Clypeis
Κλυπέα
Clypea = "Shield"
Clypea (Ptolemy) = Clypeis (Peutinger)
Clypea = "Shield" = Aspis* (A nearby pin)
"Shield" = Darqa (درقة) = Ras Ed Drek
[The "shield" probably refers to this entire promontory.]
*See Wikipedia below:
12 to Misua
16 to Neapolis
=== Wikipedia on Aspis ===
An aspis (Ancient Greek: ἀσπίς, plural aspides, ἀσπίδες), or porpax shield was the heavy wooden shield used by the infantry in various periods of ancient Greece.[1]

Lamniana
Αλμαινα
Almaina
Almaina (Ptolemy) = Al Lammaina = Lamniana (Peutinger)
Almaina = Halemna = Dj Al Hammam ?
Almaina = Halemna = Menzel Salem ?
Almaina = Dj Al Hammam = Ghormane ??
10 to Neapoli
22 to Cubin

Cubin
** "-b-" Could easily be a misspelled "-d-": "Cudin": Note the script's similarity to the "-d-" in "Hadrito, right next to it:
Cubin = Chuben = Huben = Abene ?
Kerkouane* = Cuwen = Cubin ?
* Phoenician city on the coast, 7 miles ESE.
22 to Lamniana ?
7 to Orbita, or perhaps just the crossroads (?)
? to Hadrito

Orbita
Ορβιτα
36.33, 32.33
Οὔβατα
Oubata
36.75, 29.33
Orbita (Ptolemy) =
= Oubata (Ptolemaic revision)** =
= Orbita (Peutinger)
Orbita = Kerkouane* ?
* Phoenician city here, in a perfectly orbital shape.
** The problem with this being Oubata is that this is a coastal city, but it is within one the lists of Ptolemaic revisions within the list of inland cities. also, there are other competing possibilities for Oubata .
7 to Cubin ?
22 to Horrea*
* This route could either (1) go across the Cothon inlet (as drawn), in which case, that large number 22 reflects the long amount of time that the ferry takes; or (2) it could go around the edge of the Cothon inlet, in which latter case it would be 12, not 22 miles to Horrea, which could be expected, since it seems that the Peutinger mapmaker was doubling every single distance in this area.

Horrea ?
Horrea = "Granary" in Latin
Kour(a/o)bis (Ptolemy) = Horrea (Peutinger) ??
Horrea = Haouaria = Hawaria* ?
* But the map shows it on the other southern side of the Cothon inlet.
22 to Orbita*
* This route could either (1) go across the Cothon inlet (as drawn), in which case, that large number 22 reflects the long amount of time that the ferry takes; or (2) it could go around the edge of the Cothon inlet, in which latter case it would be 12, not 22 miles to Horrea, which could be expected, since it seems that the Peutinger mapmaker was adding an extra 10 to every single distance in this area .

Hadrito
Αδρούμητος κολωνία
Adroumetos Colonia = "Treeless colony"
36.67, 32.67
Τίσουρος
Tisouros
Adroumetos (Ptolemy) =
( = Adjaram = Tisouros (Ptolemaic Revision)* = )
= Hadrito (Peutinger) ?
* This is probably not Tisouros, first because that's supposed to be a Ptolemaic INLAND city, where is the nearest cognate to it, modern Ezzahra, is on the coast; and 2nd because there's a much better possibility for Tisouros, at Tisdra. This possibility for Tisouros is only listed, concurrent with the 1 of 4 Oubata-possibilities which is 3 miles northwest of it, also unlikely-ly on the coast.
Adroumetos = Adjaram = (Tisoura = ) Ezzahra
Adroumetos = Hadrumetum = Hammem Jebli ?
Adroumetos = Hadrumetum = Hammem Al Agzaz ?
Adroumetos = Hadrumetum = Hammem Lekses ?
22 (?) to Cubin
7 to Guerra
25 (?) to Ruspina
25 [but should be 15] to Aviduvicus ? to Lepteminus
=== Barrington Atlas' Error ===
Adrumetum is next to Clypea - “After he came before Adrumetum, where the enemy had a garrison, commanded by C. Considius, and where Cn. Piso appeared upon the shore toward Clupea, with the cavalry of Adrumetum.” (Caesar, African Wars, Ch. 3.) But Barrington atlas puts them 71 miles apart.
=== Caesar's African Wars, Ch. 6 ===
Caesar made a 1-day march from Adrumetum to Ruspina, here 4 miles away.
=== Wikipedia on Hadrumetum ===
[Note that this is a different Hadrumetum, further south, at 35° 49′ 28″ N, 10° 38′ 20″ E].
Hadrumetum,[1] also known by many variant spellings and names, was a Phoenician colony that pre-dated Carthage. It subsequently became one of the most important cities in Roman Africa before Vandal and Umayyad conquerors left it ruined. In the early modern period, it was the village of Hammeim, now part of Sousse, Tunisia.

Leptis micra

Lepteminus
Λέπτις μικρά
Leptis micra = "Little Leptis"
[Note theater & Punic acropolis here. There is no other great coastal city between Thapsus & Ruspina, other than Leptis Micra, so this must be that. Also this is a plausible 6-mile-horse-ride from where Caesar might've heard of the destruction of his fleet (See below).]
Leptis micra (Ptolemy) = Lepteminus (Peutinger)
Leptis micra = Lebha (6 miles S) ??
? to Ruspina
8 to Tapsus
? to Thisdro
=== Caesar's African War ===
Thence he removed and came before Leptis, a free city and governed by its own laws. Here he was met by deputies from the town, who, in the name of the inhabitants, offered their free submission. Whereupon, placing centurions and a guard before the gates, to prevent the soldiers from entering, or offering violence to any of the inhabitants, he himself encamped toward the shore, not far distant from the town.
Caesar had an account brought him of this unlucky accident, as he was inspecting the works of his camp. Whereupon he immediately took horse, and leaving every thing else, went full speed to Leptis, which was but two leagues distant [6 miles, in the original Latin], and going on board a brigantine, ordered all the ships to follow him.

Lepteminus
Λέπτις μικρά
Leptis micra = "Little Leptis"
Leptis micra (Ptolemy) = Lepteminus (Peutinger)
Leptis micra = Lebha
? to Ruspina
8 to Tapsus
? to Thisdro
=== Caesar's African War ===
Thence he removed and came before Leptis, a free city and governed by its own laws. Here he was met by deputies from the town, who, in the name of the inhabitants, offered their free submission. Whereupon, placing centurions and a guard before the gates, to prevent the soldiers from entering, or offering violence to any of the inhabitants, he himself encamped toward the shore, not far distant from the town.
Caesar had an account brought him of this unlucky accident, as he was inspecting the works of his camp. Whereupon he immediately took horse, and leaving every thing else, went full speed to Leptis, which was but two leagues distant [6 miles, in the original Latin], and going on board a brigantine, ordered all the ships to follow him.
[However if this 6-miles distance is correct, then Lebna could NOT be here, but must be further East up the coast, in the vicinity of Manzil Tamim, or maybe as far even as Nabeul creek (36.815,11.058). In that case, Thapsus which is relatively 8 miles south of Leptis (according to the Peutinger map) might have to be moved in that direction, too.]

Tapsum

Tapsum
Θάψος
Thapsos
Thapsos (Ptolemy) = Tapsum (Peutinger)
Site of Caesar's final famous Battle of Thapsos.
Location chosen by . . .
Peutinger distances* to known (?**) surrounding towns.
Need for physical surroundings:
directly on the ocean,
a river water source.
a 1500m-long "stagnum salinarum" blocking Caesar's crescent-siege.
Proximity to the similar-sounding (and thus probably cognate) towns Sassura and Thisdro.
* However, Peutinger distances in this area are all double what they should be, for some unknown reason.
** Alternatively, perhaps Leptis Micra, to which this city is relative, is itself too far south. See discussion at the end of its pin. That may require this city to be further north, also.
8* to Lepteminus
15* to Sullech
Chapter 53
While these things were being carried on by Caesar and his opponents around Uzita, two legions, the ninth and tenth, sailing in transports from Sicily, when they came before Ruspina, observing Caesar's ships that lay at anchor about Thapsus, and fearing it might be the enemy's fleet stationed there to intercept them, imprudently stood out to sea; and after being long tossed by the winds, and harassed by thirst and famine, at last arrived at Caesar's camp
Chapter 79
Scipio, on learning Caesar's designs, was reduced to the necessity of fighting, to avoid the disgrace of abandoning Virgilius and the Thapsitani, who had all along remained firm to his party; and therefore, following Caesar without delay, he posted himself in two camps eight miles from Thapsus.
80 Now there were some salt-pits, between which and the sea was a narrow pass of about fifteen hundred paces, by which Scipio endeavored to penetrate and carry succors to the inhabitants of Thapsus.
, and thus filled all Libya with war; and then wars on wars broke out, and, last of all, the war that broke out between the deified Caesar and Scipio, in which even Juba was killed; and with the leaders the cities were wiped out too, I mean Tisiäus, Vaga, and Thala, as also Capsa, the treasure-hold of Jugurtha, and Zama, and Zincha, and those cities near which the deified Caesar defeated Scipio, first winning a victory over him near Ruspinum, and then near Uzita, and then near Thapsus and the lake [i.e, the stagnant canal, where Caesar built his triple fort] near by, and the other cities. And near by also are Zella and Acholla, free cities. And Caesar captured at the first onset the island Cercinna, and Thena, a town on the coast. Of all these, some were utterly wiped out and the others left half-destroyed; but Phara was burned by Scipio's cavalry. , and thus filled all Libya with war; and then wars on wars broke out, and, last of all, the war that broke out between the deified Caesar and Scipio, in which even Juba was killed; and with the leaders the cities were wiped out too, I mean Tisiäus, Vaga, and Thala, as also Capsa, the treasure-hold of Jugurtha, and Zama, and Zincha, and those cities near which the deified Caesar defeated Scipio, first winning a victory over him near Ruspinum, and then near Uzita, and then near Thapsus and the lake near by, and the other cities. And near by also are Zella and Acholla, free cities. And Caesar captured at the first onset the island Cercinna, and Thena, a town on the coast. Of all these, some were utterly wiped out and the others left half-destroyed; but Phara was burned by Scipio's cavalry.

Walls
[The walls reached all the way to the ocean itself, as we see below:]
Meanwhile the garrison of Thapsus, either designing to assist their friends, or abandoning the town to seek safety by flight, sallied out by the gate next the sea, and wading navel deep in the water; endeavored to reach the land. But the servants and attendants of the camp, attacking them with darts and stones, obliged them to return to the town.

1500m Salt Pits
[Note that the presence of these salt pits to this day is proof that the coastline has never changed, unlike the radical coastline changes that we see all across Tunisia in the Barrington Atlas.]
80 Now there were some salt-pits, between which and the sea was a narrow pass of about fifteen hundred paces, by which Scipio endeavored to penetrate and carry succors to the inhabitants of Thapsus.
=== Caesar's Bellum Africanum ===
Erat stagnum salinarum inter quod et mare angustiae quaedam [A period should be here, thus making the 1500 paces be a length, not a width.] non amplius mille et D passus intererant; quas Scipio intrare et Thapsitanis auxilium ferre conabatur.

1500m Salt Pits

Sullech

Sullech
Λασική
Lasica
Zella (Strabo) = Sullech (Peutinger) = Lasica (Ptolemaic revision) ?
Sullech = Tsurrek = Tazerka ?
Sullech = Tsurrek = Tazerka = Tlazehka = Lasica* ?
* But there are better candidates for Lasica
15** to Tapsum
12** to aHolla
** For some unknown reason, all distances in this area are double what they should be.
, and thus filled all Libya with war; and then wars on wars broke out, and, last of all, the war that broke out between the deified Caesar and Scipio, in which even Juba was killed; and with the leaders the cities were wiped out too, I mean Tisiäus, Vaga, and Thala, as also Capsa, the treasure-hold of Jugurtha, and Zama, and Zincha, and those cities near which the deified Caesar defeated Scipio, first winning a victory over him near Ruspinum, and then near Uzita, and then near Thapsus and the lake near by, and the other cities. And near by also are Zella and Acholla, free cities. And Caesar captured at the first onset the island Cercinna, and Thena, a town on the coast. Of all these, some were utterly wiped out and the others left half-destroyed; but Phara was burned by Scipio's cavalry.

City walls ?

aHolla
Αχολα
Achola
Acilla (Caesar)* = Achola (Ptolemy) = aHolla (Peutinger) ?
* But Acilla might instead be the city of Ousilla/Vsilla, 20 miles down the coast to the southwest.
Achola = Chara = Ben Khiar
12** to Sullech
? to Ruspe
** But all distances in this area are wildly off.
=== Caesar's African Wars, Ch. 33, 43===
Chapter 33
While these things were passing near Ruspina, deputies from Acilla, a free town, and all the neighboring towns, arrived in Caesar's camp, and promised "to be ready to execute Caesar's commands, and to do so withal, and that they only begged and requested of him to give them garrisons, that they might do so in safety and without danger to themselves, that they would furnish them with corn and whatever supplies they had, to secure the common safety. Caesar readily complied with their demands, and having assigned a garrison, sent C. Messius, who had been aedile, to command in Acilla. Upon intelligence of this, Considius Longus, who was at Adrumetum with two legions and seven hundred horse, leaving a garrison in that city, hastened to Acilla at the head of eight cohorts: but Messius, having accomplished his march with great expedition, arrived there before him. When Considius, therefore, approached, and found Caesar's garrison in possession of the town, not daring to make any attempt, he returned again to Adrumetum. But some days after, Labienus having sent him a reinforcement of horse, he began to besiege the town.
Meantime Considius, who was besieging eight mercenary cohorts of Numidians and Getulians in Acilla, where P. Messius commanded, after continuing long before the place, and seeing all his works burned and destroyed by the enemy, upon the report of the late battle of the cavalry, set fire to is corn, destroyed his wine, oil, and other stores, which were necessary for the maintenance of his army; and abandoning the siege of Acilla, divided his forces with Scipio, and retired through the kingdom of Juba, to Adrumetum.
, and thus filled all Libya with war; and then wars on wars broke out, and, last of all, the war that broke out between the deified Caesar and Scipio, in which even Juba was killed; and with the leaders the cities were wiped out too, I mean Tisiäus, Vaga, and Thala, as also Capsa, the treasure-hold of Jugurtha, and Zama, and Zincha, and those cities near which the deified Caesar defeated Scipio, first winning a victory over him near Ruspinum, and then near Uzita, and then near Thapsus and the lake near by, and the other cities. And near by also are Zella and Acholla, free cities. And Caesar captured at the first onset the island Cercinna, and Thena, a town on the coast. Of all these, some were utterly wiped out and the others left half-destroyed; but Phara was burned by Scipio's cavalry.

Ruspe
Ροῦσπε (ἢ Ροῦσπαι)
Rouspe (or Rouspai)
Rouspe (Ptolemy) = Ruspe (Peutinger)
Rouspa = Bir Bou Rekba
? to aHolla
6* to Vsilla MṽH (sic)
* But all Peutinger distances are wildly off, in this area

Vsilla Municipium
Οὐσίλλα
Ousilla
Acilla (Caesar)* = Ousilla (Ptolemy) = Vsilla MṽH** (Peutinger)
* Note: Caesar's "Acilla" could conceivably instead by Achola / aHolla, 20 miles NE. However, this site has more signs of seige, and more justifies the besieger making a trip thru Juba's kingdom on the way to Adrumetum, which, if the other town were the correct Acilla, would be unduly circuitous, since that other town is so close to Adrumetum.
** MṽH stands for "Municipium".
Ousilla = Oum Salla* = Salloun ?
Wousilla = Al-Waslatiyah (58 miles SW**) ?
* Means "Salt Village"
** Perhaps the city moved to this newer location.
6* to Ruspe
MṽH [but should be 57] to Taparura.
* But all Peutinger distances are wildly off, in this area.
=== Caesar's African Wars, Ch. 33, 43 ===
While these things were passing near Ruspina, deputies from Acilla, a free town, and all the neighboring towns, arrived in Caesar's camp, and promised "to be ready to execute Caesar's commands, and to do so withal, and that they only begged and requested of him to give them garrisons, that they might do so in safety and without danger to themselves, that they would furnish them with corn and whatever supplies they had, to secure the common safety. Caesar readily complied with their demands, and having assigned a garrison, sent C. Messius, who had been aedile, to command in Acilla. Upon intelligence of this, Considius Longus, who was at Adrumetum with two legions and seven hundred horse, leaving a garrison in that city, hastened to Acilla at the head of eight cohorts: but Messius, having accomplished his march with great expedition, arrived there before him. When Considius, therefore, approached, and found Caesar's garrison in possession of the town, not daring to make any attempt, he returned again to Adrumetum. But some days after, Labienus having sent him a reinforcement of horse, he began to besiege the town.
Meantime Considius, who was besieging eight mercenary cohorts of Numidians and Getulians in Acilla, where P. Messius commanded, after continuing long before the place, and seeing all his works burned and destroyed by the enemy, upon the report of the late battle of the cavalry, set fire to is corn, destroyed his wine, oil, and other stores, which were necessary for the maintenance of his army; and abandoning the siege of Acilla, divided his forces with Scipio, and retired through the kingdom of Juba, to Adrumetum.

Taparura
Ταφροῦρα ἢ Ταφρουραὶ (τὰ Φρούρια?)
Taphroura / Taphrourai (Ta Phrouria)
Taphroura (Ptolemy) = Taparura (Peutinger)
Taphroura = Habhour = Sidi Ameur ?
Taphroura = Tabulbah (15 miles SE) ?
? (or 20?) to Vsilla MṽN [Municipium]*
27* to Macomades Minores
* But all Peutinger-distances are way off, in this area.

Macomades Minores
Μακόμαδα
Macomada
Macomada (Ptolemy) = Macomades Minores (Peutinger)
Macomada = Mahdia
[Notice another identically named city at 53.5, 30.83.]
27* to Taparura
27* to ad oleastrum
* But all Peutinger-distances are way off, in this area.

Oleastrum

Oleastrum
Εῶα
Eooa
Eooa (Ptolemy) = Oleastrum (Peutinger) ?
Oleastrum = Wild Olive tree
Oivetum = Olive grove
Oliveta/Olivita = Olive harvest
Olivata = Leiuata = La Laouata ?
Olivata = Leiuath = La Laouash = La Louza
Olivata = Leiuata = Eiuah = Eooa ?
Olivata = Oleastrum ?
27 to Macomades Minores
18 to Presidio Siluni

Oleastrum
Oleastrum = Wild Olive tree
Olive = Uzemmur* = Hazzenuh = Al-Mazzunah ?
* In Berber
[This isn't exactly a coastal city, as it is supposed to be, but the Peutinger distances work out well here:]
27 [But should be 97 (XCVII) ] to Macomades Minores
18 to Presidio Siluni

Presidio Siluani
Presidio Siluani = "Sylvan Guard-station"
Siluani = Souhani
18 [but should be 68?] to Ad Oleastrum
8 to Lacene

Lacene ?
Lacene = Jachomeh = Zakhoumet els-Ouesfan ?
[The 2 surrounding cities are firm:]
8 to Presidio Siluani
6 [but should be 11] to Ad Palmam

Ad Palmam
Ad Palmam = "Palm tree"
Ad Palmam = Nakhil (نخل)* = Hakhur = Akarit
6 to Lacene
22 [but should be 17] to Tacape Col.

Tacape Col.
Κάπη ἢ Τακάπη
Cape or Tacape
Tacape (Ptolemy) = Tacape Col. (Peutinger)
Tacape Col. = Tacape Colonia
[Note that the Tritonis River, (Ta)Cape, and Gi(ch)this are listed out of order, and are listed 120 miles north, but their Ptolemaic latitude reveals that they are actually far south, at this location.]
Tacape Col. = Gabes ?
22 [but should be 17] to Ad Palmam
10 to Maitae
25 to Fulgurita

Fulgurita
Fulgurita = " Little lightning/brightness/splendor"
Fulgurita = Phuhghara = Boughrara
26 to Templ. Ueneris
25 to Tacape
25 to Gigri

Island

Girba
Girba = Groua ?
Girba = Djerba* (Ajim) ?
* Refers to the whole island.

Tipasa ??
Tipasa = Djehbazih = Djerba Ajim ??
* Refers to the whole island.

Haribus ?
Haribus = El Khawi ?
Haribus = Aghir ?
Haribus = Arkou ?
Haribus = El chbabya ?

Uchium
Uchium = Houk = Houmt Souk
Uchium = Houk = Sedouikech ?

Templ. Ueneris ?
Templ. Ueneris = "Temple of Venus"
Templ. Ueneris = Temlel ?
26 to Fulgurita
15 to Gigri

Gigri ?
Γιχθὶς ἢ Γιθίς
Gi(ch)this
Gi(ch)this (Ptolemy) = Gigri (Peutinger)
[Note that the Tritonis River, (Ta)Cape, and Gi(ch)this are listed out of order, and are listed 120 miles north, but their Ptolemaic latitude reveals that they are actually far south, at this location.]
Gigri = Ghrih = Gribis
Gigri = Hegle = El Ogla ?
Gigri = Djehr-hi = Hassi El Jerbi ?
Gigri = Djugh'hre = Dhouiher ??
Githis = Ghizen (22 miles N) ?
15 to Templ. Ueneris
25 to Fulgurita
17 [but should be 22] to Ziha Municipium

Ziha Municipium
Ziha Municipium = Jidhah = Jedaria
Ziha Municipium = Dzeya = (Al ')Alandaya(h) ?
Ziha Municipium = Jihjhah = Zehrjash = Zarzis ??
15 to Templ. Ueneris
17 [but should be 22] to Gigri
15 [but should be 20] to Putea Pallene

Slightly Inland

Rusucurru to Chulcul

Mons Ferratus

Tigisi

Tigisi
Τιγίς
Tigis
[Note other Tigisi 160 miles SEE, at 36.139821, 7.073901 .]
Tigis (Ptolemy) = Tigisi (Peutinger)
Tigis = Tikhorbine
Tigis = Tagarsift
Tigis = Tagarsift = Hagarip = Aghrib ?
Tigis = Tiggist = Tinkicht ?
12 to Iommio Municipio
32 [probably should be 22] to Syda municipium

Tigisi
Τιγίς
Tigis
Tigis (Ptolemy) = Tigisi (Peutinger)
Tigis = Tizi Ouzou ?
Tigis = Tiggesh = Tinjeh = Tinzar-Lagbar ?
12 to Iommio Municipio
32 to Syda municipium

Tigisi ?
Τιγίς
Tigis
Tigis (Ptolemy) = Tigisi (Peutinger)
Tigis = Tighilt Bouksas
Tigis = Tiril't-Kses
Tigis = Tougana ?
Tigis = Zekri ?
Tigis = Tifrit Ath Lhadj ?
12 to Iommio Municipio
32 to Syda municipium

Syda Municipium

Syda Municipium ?
Syda Municipium = Ait Saada ?
11 to Buhas Municipium
32 to Tigisi

Syda Municipium ?
Syda Municipium = Sidjah = Idjeur ?
11 to Buhas Municipium
32 to Tigisi

Syda Municipium ?
Syda Municipium = Sebdelmumen ?
11 to Buhas Municipium

Untitled Path

Buhas Municipium

Buhas Municipium
Βίδα (ἢ Βήδα ἢ Βοήδα) κολωνία
Bida (or Beda or Boeda) Colonia
Bida/Beda/Boeda (Ptolemy) = Buza (Peutinger) ?
Buhas or Buza(i) or Ruza(i) ?
Buza = Bouz(e)guen(e) ?
Buza = Boudjellil (19 miles SSW) ?
11 to Syda Municipium
25 [but should be 5] to Saldas Colonia
30 to Ad Olniam (?) or Monte (?)

Buhas Municipium
Βίδα (ἢ Βήδα ἢ Βοήδα) κολωνία
Bida (or Beda or Boeda) Colonia
Bida/Beda/Boeda (Ptolemy) = Buhas (Peutinger) ?
Buhas or Buza(i) or Ruza(i) ?
Buhas Municipium = Kebouche ?
Buhas Municipium = H'Burisa = Ibarisen (10 miles NE) ?
Buza Municipium = Bezit (9 miles NNE) ?
Buhas Municipium = Berchiche (10 miles E) ??
Boeda = Boudjellil (28 miles SSW) ?
11 to Syda Municipium
25 [but should be 5] to Saldas Colonia
30 to Ad Olniam (?) or Monte (?)

Chulcul to Igilgili

Chulcul Colonia
Chulcul Colonia = Chuhsur = El Kseur
13 to Monte
60 to Tucca fines Africe et Mauritanie
7 to Caput Budelli
11 to Mopti Municipium

Mopti Municipium ?
Mopti Municipium = Beni Mouhli
11 to Chulcul Colonia
27 to Ad Ficum

Ad Ficum
Ad Ficum = "To the fig"
Ad Ficum = Fitchou ?
Ad Ficum = Talaifacene (7 miles W) ?
27 to Mopti Municipium
15 to Ad Basilica

Ad Basilica
Ad Basilica = "To the basilica"
Ad Basilica = Tizi N'Bechar ?
Ad Basilica = Bouqala ?
15 to Ad Ficum
15 [but should be 5] to Choba

Rusicade to Hippo

Hedibus ?
Hedibus or Nedibus ?
Hedibus = Edzubuh = Azzaba ?
Hedibus = Edzubuh = Es Sebt ?
Hedibus = Bus = Bissy ??
44 [but should be 14] to Rsicade Colonia
17 [but should be 22] to Plumbaria

Ad Plumbaria ?
Ad Plumbaria = "Lead" = Alrasas (الرصاص) = Hashassia ??
15 [but should be 20] to Hippone Regio
17 [but should be 27] to Nedibus

Hippo to Carthage

Weird Alternative
This path at least gets a full 50 miles from Hippo to Odiana, and also goes to the most likely site of Simitu Colonia.

Alternative
From Ad Aquas to Elephantaria, even though this path winds around, yet it follows a consistent SSE direction. Conversely, other paths inexplicably (1) ignore the best & shortest path from Ad Silma to Vico Augusti, in order to then wander around through 20 unnecessary hilly miles MORE than they would've needed to; (2) perform a sudden massive 90-and-then-ultimately 180-degree-turn from eastward to southward at Armasa River, thus avoiding a consistent direction.
However, the other 2 paths a more prestigious conjectural site for Simisthou / Simitu. However, it is more likely that this site is further east, based on its Ptolemaic latitude of 29.17.

S Alternative

SW Alternative

Mt. Alternate

Odiana

Odiana ?
Odiana = Romelian Di'Han = Meshta-Rmel'-Dokhan ?
Odiana = Bodjana = Phugana = Meshtet-Medzhuda-Fuganiya ??
50 [but would have to be 40] to Hippone Regio
25 to Ad Aquas

Odiana ?
Odiana
Odiana = Ayn Darahim ?
50 to Hippone Regio
25 to Ad Aquas

Odiana ??
Odiana = Bou O'Djiah = Bouhadjar ?
Odiana = Djiahr = Dar El-Khadzhar ?
50 [but would have to be 40] to Hippone Regio
25 to Ad Aquas

Ad Aquas

Ad Aquas ?
Ad Aquas = "waters" = "miah" (مياه) = Ruines Henchir el Melah ?
[A bathhouse is drawn here on the Peutinger map]
25 to Odiana
5 to Simitu Colonia

Ad Aquas ?
Ad Aquas = Ajjuash = Ezzuhuh = Cite Ezzouhour ?
Ad Aquas = "waters" = "miah" (مياه) = Ghardimaou ?
25 to Odiana
5 to Simitu Colonia

Ad Aquas ??
Ad Aquas = Al Quass = Hanshir al Qussah ?
Ad Aquas = "waters" = "miah" (مياه) = Ghardimaou ?
5 to Simitu Colonia

Simisthou / Simitu

Simitu Colonia
Σιμίσθου
Simisthou
[This seems too far West, for a Ptolemaic longitude of 29.17.]
Simisthou (Ptolemy) = Simitu Colonia (Peutinger)
Simisthou = Shimtu / Chemtou / Simitthus ?
? to Bulla Regia

Simitu Colonia
Σιμίσθου
Simisthou
[This seems too far West.]
Simisthou (Ptolemy) = Simitu Colonia (Peutinger)
Simisthou = Ruines Ain Semmach ?
? to Bulla Regia

Bulla Regia

Bulla Regia
Bulla = [Numerous archaeological sites here]
Bulla = Ain Babouch ?
? to Simitu Colonia
12 to Ad Silma

Bulla Regia
Bulla = Bouaouene ?
Bulla = Commune Balta ?
? to Simitu Colonia
12 to Ad Silma

Ad Silma
Ad Silma = Bou Salem ?
12 to Bulla Regia
12 to Armasela

Armasela river
Armasela = Mazera = Majerda River
Armasela = Ar Matsyeah = Mastaht = Mastutah ??
12 to Ad Silma
6 to Houis Aquilianis

Novis Aquilianis
Novis Aquilianis ("New Norths/Eagles") or Houis Aquilianis ?
Aquilianis = Khiliadis = Hanshir Bin Khalladiyah??
6 to Armasela
9 to Picus

Picus ??
Picus = Thibar(is) ??
9 to Houis Aquilianis
7 to Vico Augusti

Vico Augusti
Vico Augusti = "Village of Augustus['s veterans]
Vico = Uchi Maius
7 to Picus
7 to Teglara

Teglara ?
Teglara or Teglata ?
[It's possible that the Peutinger map reversed Tighica and Tichilla, and that the city is really Tichilla, not Tighica.]
Teglara (Peutinger) = Tighica (Peutinger)
Dugga = Tugga = Tighica = Dkhila ?
Dugga = Tugga = Teglara = Dkhila ?
6 to Aobia
12 to Tichilla
6 [but should be 16] to Apuis/Aquis (hor style="width: 300px; opacity: 0.1;">

Elephantaria
Elephant = Iluchia* = Sloughia ?
* "Ilu" means "Elephant", in Berber
13 to Teglata
10 [but maybe should be 20] to Clucar

Clucar

Clucar
Κούλκουα κολωνία
Coulcoua Colonia
Coulcoua Colonia (Ptolemy) = Clucar (Peutinger)
Coulcoua = Cehcohe = Cincari ?
Clucar = Tchuhcar = Toungar ?
16 to Thuburbominus
10 to Elephantaria

Thuburbominus
Θουβούρνικα κολωνία
Thoubournica Colonia
Thoubournica Colonia (Ptolemy) = Thuburbominus (Peutinger)
Thuburbominus = Tebourba
Thoubournica = Tebourba ?
Thoubournica = Qar'at at-Tubiyah ?
Thoubournica = Sidi Thabet ?
Thoubournica = Toungar ?
16 to Clucar
3 to Thuraria *
* However, Thuraria is far away, 28 miles S, next to Tuburbomaius, not Thuburbominus, which is here.

Cicifa
Κίπιπα
Cipipa
Cipipa (Ptolemy) = Cicifa (Peutinger)
Cicifa or Cicisa ?
Cipipa = Chorfech*
Cipipa = Chorfetchah = Dawwar Guerfdjana ?
Cipipa = Chriffa (6 miles WSW) ?
Cipipa = Cebalat (5 miles SE) ?
* This site is best because it is directly in line with both Gallum Gallinatium and the hinge around which the road must pass, to avoid going over the mountains.
15 to Thuraria**
18 to Chartagine colon
** However, Thuraria is far away, 35 miles S, next to Tuburbomaius, not Thuburbominus, which is nearer here.

Thuburbomaius to Vsilla

Bibae ?
Βένδινα ἢ Βένδηνα
Bend(e/i)na
Bend(e/i)na (Ptolemy) = Beh'bea = Bibae (Peutinger) ?
Bend(e/i)na = Bent = Hammam Bent Djedidi*
16 to Mediocera
16 to Onellana
[Should be--not 6 but--16 to Aggerfel]
* The 2 words "Hammam Djedidi" obviously come from the placename of Sidi Jadidi (Ptolemy's Toucca), 5 miles ENE. Therefore, that leaves just the placename "Bent" to apply to this location, here.
=== Possible Peutinger Mis-drawing ===
If Mediocera is at Ain M'Dhakker, 16 miles South, then the Peutinger map's segment(s) to it were mis-drawn:
Note, that this has happened elsewhere, as for example Thuraria is transposed to Thuburbominus, when it should be next to Thuburbomaius.

Mediocera

Mediocera
Μεδι(κ)κάρα
Medio(c)cara
Medio(c)cara (Ptolemy) = Mediocera (Peutinger) ?
Mediocera = Ain M'Dhakker ?
=== Possible Peutinger Mis-drawing ===
If this is where Mediocera is, then the Peutinger map's segment(s) to it were mis-drawn:
Note, that this has happened elsewhere, as for example Thuraria is transposed to Thuburbominus, when it should be next to Thuburbomaius.

Mediocera
Μεδι(κ)κάρα
Medio(c)cara
Medio(c)cara (Ptolemy) = Mediocera (Peutinger) ?
Mediocera = Beyousherrah = Boucharray ?
Mediocera = Beyoucharnah = Boukornine Nat'l Park ?
Mediocera = Behi-uh-charrah = Beni Khalled ?
Mediocera = Marioseh = Marisa ?? *
Mediocera = Al Middah (18 miles ENE) ?? **
* Unlikely, since this is depicted as an inland city, not coastal city.
** Unlikely, since this possibility would require Peutinger routes depicted as parallel, to cross one another.
16 [should be 21] to Bibae
6 [but should be 16] to Aggerful

Mediocera ?
Mediocera = Bediochara = Beni Ohala = Beni Ouail ?
16 [perhaps should beef 14] to Bibae
6 to Aggerful

Aggerful

Aggerfel
Aggerfel = Ad Gurubula = Grombalia ? Aggerfel = Aggar* polis ?
*Note the nearby & similarly-named city of Aggar 6 miles SE.
8 [but should be 18] to Ulisippira
6 [but shouldn't be any **] to Mediocera
** See below.
=== Possible Peutinger Mis-drawing ===
If Mediocera is at Ain M'Dhakker, 30 miles South, then the Peutinger map's segment(s) to it were mis-drawn:
Note, that this has happened elsewhere, as for example Thuraria is transposed to Thuburbominus, when it should be next to Thuburbomaius.

Aggerful / P(h)ara(da)
Agar
Agar (Caesar) = Aggaar (Peutinger) = Aggar-pol[is] = Aggerful (Peutinger) ?
[There are quite a few towns named Agar around here. This is probably Aggerful, not Aggaar, which is 20 miles SW. However, there's a conflict because this is also the best choice for . . .
Phara* (Strabo) = Parada* (Caesar) = Fartouna ?
* See below.
=== Proof that it cannot be Aggar: Caesar's African War 79 ===
. . . marched sixteen miles beyond ["from," in the original Latin] Agar to Thapsus, . . .
Agger-pol = Aggerful
Agger-pol = Phuluh = Phultina = Fartouna ?
Agger-pol = Ehgihul = Erghine ??
=== Cities up to 7 miles WNW ===
Agger-pol = Al-Jeh-Boujuh = Eljabouza ?
Agger-pol = Ejjuh-Bouluh = Bir Ezit + Sidi Bouali ?
Agger-pol = Ejjuh-Buh = Dar Ejondi ?
Agger-pol = Akchelbuh = Exkalba = Skalba ??
6 [but should be 16] to Mediocera
8 to Ulisippira
=== Caesar's African War 63 ===
68 The town of Zeta, lying on Scipio's side of the country, was not above ten miles from his camp, but might be about eighteen from that of Caesar. [At Agar - See bold text below] . . .
=== Caesar's African War 76 ===
He marched from it on the fourth day, and then returned to his former camp at Agar. Scipio did the same, and retreated to his old quarters.
=== Caesar's African Wars, Ch. 87 ===
Chapter 87 Scipio's cavalry, who had escaped out of the battle, taking the road to Utica, arrived at Parada; but being refused admittance by the inhabitants, who heard of Caesar's victory, they forced the gates, lighted a great fire in the middle of the forum, and threw all the inhabitants into it, without distinction of age or sex, with their effects; avenging in this manner, by an unheard of cruelty, the affront they had received. Thence they marched directly to Utica.
, and thus filled all Libya with war; and then wars on wars broke out, and, last of all, the war that broke out between the deified Caesar and Scipio, in which even Juba was killed; and with the leaders the cities were wiped out too, I mean Tisiäus, Vaga, and Thala, as also Capsa, the treasure-hold of Jugurtha, and Zama, and Zincha, and those cities near which the deified Caesar defeated Scipio, first winning a victory over him near Ruspinum, and then near Uzita, and then near Thapsus and the lake near by, and the other cities. And near by also are Zella and Acholla, free cities. And Caesar captured at the first onset the island Cercinna, and Thena, a town on the coast. Of all these, some were utterly wiped out and the others left half-destroyed; but Phara was burned by Scipio's cavalry.

Aggerful
Αβδειρα ἢ Αυδειρα
Abdeira or Audeira
/Awdeira/
Agar (Caesar) = Aud[j]eira (Ptolemy) = Aggaar (Peutinger) = Argoub
[Based mainly on Caesar, paragraph 79 below, this is probably not also the Peutinger map's similar-sounding but different city, Aggerful, which is probably 20 miles NE. For this city must be 16 (21?) miles from Thapsus, but that one cannot possibly be.]
Agar = Agaruh = Aggarb = Aggerful = Bou Argroub ?
Aggaar = Jebel Mennchar ?
Agar = Ughur = Cite Zouhour ??
=== Aggaar ===
7 to Manange
14 to Aquas Regias
=== Aggerful ===
6 to Mediocera
8 to Ulisippira
=== Caesar's African War 63 ===
68 The town of Zeta, lying on Scipio's side of the country, was not above ten miles from his camp, but might be about eighteen from that of Caesar. [At Agar - See bold text below] . . .
He marched from it on the fourth day, and then returned to his former camp at Agar. Scipio did the same, and retreated to his old quarters.
. . . marched sixteen miles beyond ["from," in the orignal Latin] Agar to Thapsus, . . .

Ulisippira

Ulisippira
Οὐλιζίβι(β)ῥα (ἢ Οὐλιζίβηρα)
Oulizib(e/i(b))ra
Ulisippira = Eljabouza (9 miles SW) ?
Ulisippira = Esip = Bir Ezit
Ulisippira = Douaar Zaaba ?
Ulisippira = Ulyssi Bula = Sidi Bouali ??
=== Interpretation ===
Ulyssa = Ulisippira ?
Ulisippira = Ouled* Dzippera** ?
* Means "children" in Arabic (أولاد), and is a common prefix before a village's name.
** Tsippora / Zippori is a common woman's name.
8 to Aggerfel
? to Gurra

Ulisippira ?
Οὐλιζίβι(β)ῥα (ἢ Οὐλιζίβηρα)
Oulizib(e/i(b))ra
Oulizibira (Ptolemaic revision) = Ouled* Dzippera** = Ulisippira (Peutinger)
* Means "children" in Arabic (أولاد), and is a common prefix before a village's name.
** Tsippora / Zippori is a common woman's name.
Ulisippira = Ouled + Sh'hbila = El Kbeil ?
Ulisippira = Bouled + S'hebba = Bou Hbiba ?
Ulisippira = Shelpa = Skalba (4 & 9 miles SE) ?
Ulisippira = Ar Sibah = Dar Sudan ?
Ulisippira = Ulzittira = Uzitta* = Zaouite Azmour ?
Ulisippira = Garsouline ??
Ulyssa = Ulisippira ?
Ulyssa = Menzel Aissa ?
*City besieged by Caesar. But the problem with this location is that it is on the Adrumetum/Hadrito side of the best candidates for Gurra, rather than further away from them, as the Peutinger map shows.
8 to Aggerfel
? to Gurra

Gurra ?
Γίσιρα
Gisira
Τίσουρος
Tisouros
Gisira (Ptolemaic revision) =
= Tisouros (Ptolemaic revision) =
= Gurra (Peutinger)* ?
This may be Gurra & Gisira, but probably isn't Tisouros.
* Drawn as a religious building, or perhaps monastery, on the Peutinger map.
Gisira = Gurra
Gisira = Garsur(in)a = Garsouline ?
7 (?) to Hadrito ?
? to Ulisippira

Auiduuicus
Αούϊδος
Aouidos
Aouidos (Ptolemaic revision) = Aviduvicus (Peutinger)
Auiduuicus = Aviduvicus = Avidu village
Avidu = Widy = Al-Widyan ?
Avidu = Widy = (Bir) El (Q/O)udiane ?
Avidu = Widy = Budhian = Budcan (3 miles SSW) ?
Avidu = Bida = Boudiche (4 miles E) ?
Avidu = Habida = Eamud/Hmida (عمود) ?
Avidu = "Les Grottes de Abida" (3 miles WNW) ?
Avidu = Habaduh = Halba = Skalba ??
25 [but should be 15] to Hadrito
9 [but should be 4.5*] to Sassurauicus
* But all distances in this area are half of what is listed on the Peutinger map.

Sassura Vicus

Sassurauicus
Σασούρα
Sasoura = Sassuravicus = Sassura village
Sarsura (Caesar) = Sasoura (Ptolemy) = Sassurauicus (Peutinger)
Sassura = Dzahura = Houmt Zouara (حومة زوارة)
Sassura = Dzahs-suhe* = Danus-suh = Damousse
Sassura = Surra = Manzil Hurr ?
Sassura = Sahhula = Bir Sidi Salah ?
* A form of "Joshua" ??
Sasoura = Sarsura (Caesar's African War)
=== Sasoura ===
9 [but should be 4.5*] to Auiduuicus
12 to Thisdro
* But all distances in this area are half of what is listed on the Peutinger map.
75 Caesar, having reviewed his army the twelfth day before the calends of April, advanced next day, with all his forces, five miles beyond his camp, and remained a considerable time in order of battle, two miles from Scipio's. When he saw distinctly that the enemy, though frequently and for a long time challenged to a battle, declined it, he led back his troops. Next day he decamped, and directed his march toward Sarsura, where Scipio had a garrison of Numidians, and a magazine of corn. Labienus being informed of this motion, began to harass his rear with the cavalry and light-armed troops: and having made himself master of part of the baggage, was encouraged to attack the legions themselves, believing they would fall an easy prey, under the load and encumbrance of a march. However, this circumstance had not escaped Caesar's attention, for he had ordered three hundred men out of each legion to hold themselves in readiness for action. These being sent against Labienus, he was so terrified at their approach, that he shamefully took to flight, great numbers of his men being killed or wounded. The legionaries returned to their standards, and pursued their march. Labienus continued to follow us at a distance along the summit of the mountains on our right.
76 Caesar, arriving before Sarsura, took it in presence of the enemy, who durst not advance to its relief; and put to the sword the garrison which had been left there by Scipio, under the command of P. Cornelius, one of Scipio's veterans, who, after a vigorous defense, was surrounded slain. Having given all the corn in the place to the army, he marched next day to Tisdra, where Considius was, with a strong garrison and his cohort of gladiators. Caesar, having taken a view of the town, and being deterred from besieging it by want of corn, set out immediately, and after a march of four miles, encamped near a river. He marched from it on the fourth day, and then returned to his former camp at Agar. Scipio did the same, and retreated to his old quarters.

Sassura Vicus ?
Sassura Vicus = Sassura village
Sassura = Garaat Sessi ?
9 to Aviduvicus
12 to Thisdro Col.

Thisdro
Τίσουρος
Tisouros
Θύσδρος
Thysdros
Tisdra (Caesar) =
= Tisouros (Ptolemaic revision)
= Thysdros (Ptolemaic revision)
= Tourz(a/o) (Ptolemaic revision) ??
= Thisdro (Peutinger)
[Thysdros is the best of the 3 Ptolemaic entries. Tisouros is also likely. It is slightly possible that this placename should be switched with the similar placename "Tourza"/"Tourzo" (35.67, 31.83), also in the portion of the list constituting the Ptolemaic revision, but that is unlikely, because Ptolemaic coordinates seem to work out better, if that location is 14 miles N at Tazoghrane.]
Tisouros = Chat Ezzouhour
Tisouros = Tishoulum = Tehellum = Tafelloun ?
Tisouros =   Tihouruh =   Tibelluh =   Tafelloun ?
Tisouros = Tishoulum = Tehellum = Hasna touhemi ??
Tisouros = Tisdra*
* See below:
12 to Sassuravicus
? to Lepteminus
? to Sullech
9 to Batarus
Caesar, arriving before Sarsura, took it in presence of the enemy, who durst not advance to its relief; and put to the sword the garrison which had been left there by Scipio, under the command of P. Cornelius, one of Scipio's veterans, who, after a vigorous defense, was surrounded slain. Having given all the corn in the place to the army, he marched next day to Tisdra, where Considius was, with a strong garrison and his cohort of gladiators. Caesar, having taken a view of the town, and being deterred from besieging it by want of corn, set out immediately, and after a march of four miles, encamped near a river. He marched from it on the fourth day, and then returned to his former camp at Agar. Scipio did the same, and retreated to his old quarters.

Batarus
Οὔβατα
Oubata
Oubata (Ptolemaic revision) = Batarus M.V.H. (Peutinger)
M.V.H. = Militum Veteraniorum H-_______ ??
Batarus = Butch'ruds = Boujrida ?
Batarus = Daharus = Dahrussuh = Bir Drassen ?
Batarus = Dar Bou Sain ??
9 to Thisdro
? to Vsilla

Inland

Castra to Chulcul

Castra
Castra = Mekhatria
Castra Germanon (Ptolemy) = Castra (Peutinger) ?? *
* Unlikely, since Castra Germanon is listed as a coastal city, whereas, this Peutinger route is definitely in land; also, there is another more likely site for Castra Germanon, 28 miles WNW, which is surrounded by other known cities, thus confirming its location there, not here.
20 to Galaxia

Galaxia
Galaxia = Amazellaw* = Tamezlait
Galaxia = Garahia = Gouraya (11 miles NW) ?
Galaxia = Amazellaw* = Mazelou = Lari Ou Melzi ??
* In Berber
20 to Galaxia
? to Equehero

Equehero

Equehero ?
Equehero = Qeherruh = Kherroub = Bou Kherrouba ?
? to Galaxia
? to [Edge of map to the west]
10 to Tamascani Municipium

Equehero ??
Equehero = Akhehr = Menaceur ??
? to Galaxia
? to [Edge of map to the west]
10 to Tamascani Municipium

Lemelli

Lemelli
Lemelli Presidium = "Lemelli Guard-station"
[The placename is definitely here, but it's just a question of which of the little villages is the original one. Here, the marker is guess-placed at a site in the pass, which the trait-route would undoubtedly take.]
Lemelli = Hemerri = Hamameria ?
Lemelli = Hemerri = Ouamri ?
Lemelli = Hemehi = Ain Mimoun ?
Lemelli = Hemehi = Sidi Bu El' Dzhemma ?
Lemelli = Hemehi = Ain Smaine ?
Lemelli = Ruhmehi = Ouled Rahomane ??
Lemelli = Ruhmehi = R'hamnia ??
Lemelli = Ruhmehi = Kahamnia ??
100 to [Edge of map, but certainly heading along the full length of the Chylemath/Chylimath/Shellif river.]
6 to Tamascani Municipium

Lemelli ?
Lemelli Presidium = "Lemelli Guard-station"
Lemelli = Hemerri = (Khemis) Miliana ?
Lemelli = Hemerri = Ouled Slimane ?
100 to [Edge of map, but certainly heading along the full length of the Chylemath/Chylimath/Shellif river.]

Tamascani Municipium
Tamascani Municipium = Tamescadi = Tamesguida
10 to Equehero
6 to Lemelli Presidium
10 to Tamannuna Municipium

Tamannuna Municipium
Tamannuna Municipium = Ta Namuna = Sidi Naamane
Tamannuna Municipium = Hamnuna = Ouled Rahmoune ?
Tamannuna Municipium = Mahnuneh = Ouled Mehenni ?
10 [but should be 20] to Tamascani Municipium
25 to Satia Municipium

Satia Municipium
Satia Municipium = Tsastia = Ain Tasta ?
Satia Municipium = Tsachiah = Ansor Takhar ?
Satia Municipium = Tsachiah = Tzalchia = Guelta Zerka ?
Satia Municipium = Tsachiah = Tzarchia = Sidi Turki ?
Satia Municipium = Sahiah = Nesanis ?
25 to Tamannuna Municipium
25 [but should be 40] to Ad Olivam

Ad Olivam
Ad Olivam = Tizi Elouan
Ad Olivam = Tizi Alwane
Ad Olivam = Ouaba = Taourirt Ouabla ?
25 [but should be 40] to Satia Municipium
? to monte
30 [but should be 20] to Buhas Municipiu.

Chulcul to Hippo

Caput Budelli
Caput Budelli = Beni Djellil
7 to Chulcul
7 to Modolana

Modolana
Modolana = Beni Ourtilane
7 to Caput Budelli
4 [but should be 7] to Berzeo

Berzeo
Berzeo = Bouzelatene
4 [but should be 7] to Modolana
4 to Fons Camerata

Fons Camerata
Fons Camerata = "Roofed/Vaulted spring"
Camerata = Hamera = Foret H'mara ?
Camerata = Merahta = Mechtat Merabtine ?
Camerata = Ca'heratha = Mechtat El Harraga ?
Camerata = Ca'heratha = Ain Beida Harriche ?
Camerata = Camehah = Mechta Hamama ??
4 to Berzeo
4 to Hobas (S/F)usciani

Hobas Fusciani

Hobas Fusciani
[Written Nobas.]
Hobas Fusciani = Chaubats Wus*-Zani = Chaabet El Ouasfane ?
Fusciani = Fohdziunia = Ferdjioua ?
* F can become W, either through misinterpretation of the writing (F as the ancient letter digamma, also written F, but pronounced /W/); or through mere laziness in pronunciation, in losing plosiveness. 4 [but should be 53] to Fons Camerata 12 + 7 to Milev. Colonia

Hobas (S/F)usciani
[Written Nobas.]
Hobas (S/F)usciani = Ghoma Shusch = Guemchouch
Hobas (S/F)usciani = Faucigny (13 miles ESE) ?
4 to Fons Camerata
12 + 7 to Milev Colonia

Milev. Colonia
Milev. Colonia = Mileorum Colonia ?
Milev. = Mila
Milev. = Mireu = Sidi Merouane ??
12 + 7 Hobas Fusciani
6 [but should be 16] to Humituriana

Humituriana
Humituriana = Beni Hamidane ?
Humituriana = Huma = Mechtat El Haouima ?
6 [but should be 16] to Milev. Colonia
? to Aquartille

Aquartille
Aquartille = Aquātĭlis = "Watery" in Latin
Aquartille = Hachahdilah = Mechta Ain* Bouchdirah ?
* Ain means "Spring of water"
=== Locatoins NW of here ===
[All the other locations below are far out of place, and should be East or South of Humituriana.]
Aquartille = Kartsilla = Mechtat El Romane El Kares ?
Aquartille = Akartchia = Meshtet-Khabel'-El'-Akhresh ?
Heraclea = Berak-Klea ?
Heraclea = Derak-Klea = Mechta Dakhela ?
Heraclea = Derak-Klea = Dakhla-El Mara ?
Aquartille = Haquatilla = Mechta Dakhela = Berka-Klea?
Heraclea = Al Charak-Tlea = Aquartille ??
Heraclea = Charak-aba = El Kharchfa ?
? to Humituriana
9 to Cirta Colonia

Cirta Colonia
Cirta Colonia = Huma = Mechtat El Haouima ?
12 to Ad Palmam
9 to Aquartille
? to ⛰
54 to Aquis Thibilitanis

Ad Palmam ?
Ad Palmam = "To the Palm tree"
"Palm tree" = Nakhl (نخل)* = Ksar Nadja ?
* In Arabic
25 [but would have to be 15] to Ad Villam Seie
12 to Cirta Palmam

Ad Villam Seie

Ad Villam Sele ?
Ad Villam Sele = Salah Bouchaour ?
Ad Villam Sele = Sere = Meshtet-Siaira ?
30 [but would have to be 10 or 14] to Rusicade Colonia
25 [but would have to be 17] to Palmam

Ad Villam Sele ?
Ad Villam Sele = Salah Katit ?
30 to Rusicade Colonia
25 to Palmam

Ad Villam Sele ?
Ad Villam Sele = Meshtet-Shala ?
Ad Villam Sele = Meshtet-Dzhemaa-Shili ?
25 [but shoudl be 15] to Palmam

Ad Villam Sele ??
Ad Villam Seie = Esetah ?
25 to Palmam

2 Possible Paths
2 Possible Paths for the northern Route exiting eastward from Cirta:
Arguments for the Possible Northern Path ["NP", henceforth]:
) Of the 2 routes exiting eastward from Cirta, this is supposed to be the northern route, and indeed, it correctly passes north of Castellum Sabatianum's route, as it should.
) Has a much better site for Ad Villam Servilanam.
& 4.) This NP's distances from Cirta to Aquis Thibilitanis may admittedly be badly distorted, but the trade-off, is that the SP's proposed site for Aquis Thibilitanis, is on the wrong eastern side of the mountain(s) between it and Castellum Sabatianum, whereas this NP's Aquis Thibilitanis is correctly oriented relative to that mountain.
Respective Arguments for the Possible Southern Path ["SP", henceforth]:
) Although most of this path's distance is south of the Cirta-to-Castellum-Sabatianum route, yet this can be explained by the fact fact that the path ends north of it, at the city of Hippo, and so the cartographer may have wrongly thought of this entire route as being north of that route.
) Has a much better site for Aquis Thibilitanis.
) SP distances are more accurate to what the Peutinger map displays, particularly the 54-mile distance from Cirta to Aquis Thibilitanis. Indeed, the NP must hypothesize that the two 15-&-54-mile distances on either side of Aquis Thibilitanis were switched, which is an error that occurs very rarely on the Peutinger map; far more common is that a mere "X" is missing, adding an extra 10 miles to the displayed distance.
) The baths of Aquis Thibilitanis are correctly closer--much closer--to its namesake Thibili, on this SP, than on that NP.
) The final 30 miles of the route, beyond Ad Villam Servilanam, make much more sense on this SP, than on that NP.
Perhaps there he is even a 3rd combined-path possibility, which goes first through the SP's Aquis Thibilitanis, then through the NP's Ad Villam Servilanam.

Aquis Thibilitanis

Aquis Thibilitanis
Aquis Thibilitanis = "Baths of Thibilis"
[Nominative case would be "Aquae Thibilit(an)ae"]
Thibilitae = Benteboula Salim ?
Thibilitae = = Al Baraka spa ?
Thibilitae = = Bouchahrine** spa ?
Thibilitae = Hammam* Ouled Ali ?
* Hamaam (حمام) means "Bath"
** Bou means "Father of" in Arabic
54 [but should be 44] to Cirta Colonia
15 [but should be 20] to Ad villam Servilianam

Aquis Thibilitanis
Aquis Thibilitanis = "Baths of Thibilis"
[Nominative case would be "Aquae Thibilit(an)ae"]
Thibilitae = Tumiheteh = Toumiette ?
Thibilitae = Tumihetsae = M'Hetshae = Meshtet Ain* Mtatsha ?
Thibilitanae = Bou**-Thalbanae = Boughalboune ??
* Ain means "Springwater"
** Bou means "Father of" in Arabic

Ad Villam Servilianam

ad Villam Servilianam
ad Villam Servilianam = "To the villa of Servilius"
Servila = Dzehbilla = Djeballah Khemissi ?
Servilia = Dzerbilia = Drablia Tahar (9 miles E) ?
15 to Aquais Thibiltanis
30 to Hiippone Regio

ad Villam Servilianam ?
ad Villam Servilianam = "To the villa of Servilius"
Servilia = Dzerbilia = Drablia Tahar ?
Servila = Dzehbilla = Djeballah Khemissi (9 miles W) ?
15 [but should be 20] to Aquais Thibiltanis
30 to Hiippone Regio

ad Villam Seruilianam
ad Villam Seruilianam = "To the villa of Servilius"
Seruila = Essarouel ?
[Note another Grecoroman ring beside it: "Borj Scander" means "Alexander's tower."]
15 [but should be 54*] to Aquais Thibiltanis
30 to Hiippone Regio
* It seems that the Peutinger map may switch to the 2 distances on either side of Aquis Thibiltanis, so that Cirta to Aquis Thibiltanis is not 54 but 15; and from Aquis Thibiltanis to here (Villam Seruilianam) is not 15, but 54. However, one big problem with this is that the Peutinger map shows 30 more miles beyond this location, to the terminus of the route, which could be interpreted to point at Hippone Regio, which would be utterly impossible as that is only 5 miles away; but a better interpretation would be that those 30 more miles are until the road dies out, as it runs into the mountains, 30 miles east of here.

Ad Villam Servilianam ?
Servila = Cerfa = Meshtet-El'-Kharuba?
Servila = Cerfa = Meshtet-El'-Khaffair ?
Servila = Cerba = Meshtet-El'-Kerma ?
Servila = Cerfira = Meshtet-Khafra-Rebar ?
Servila = Serua = Meshtet-Roka-Es Sera ?

Ad Villam Servilianam ?

Tipasa
Tipasa = Turphasa = Meshta Turfa
=== Cities 9 miles E ===
Tipasa = Tarphasa = El Tarf ?
Tipasa = Tsebasa = Meshta-Udei-Es-Seba ?
18 [but should be 8] to Vico Iulani
12 to Capraria
12 to Ad Molas

Vico Iuliani
Vico Iuliani = "Village of Julius [Caesar]"
Vico Iuliani = Bouha Djuh = Bouteldja
Vico Iuliani = Oula Jiuha = Uled-Giet
Vico Iuliani = Bouha Zara = Bouabad Fezara
15 to Hippone Regio
18 to Tipasa

Ad Molas
Ad Molas = Mohruas = Mechtat El Matroa ?
Ad Molas = Mohruas = El Matrouha ?
Ad Molas = Mohrads = El Mouradia (8 miles S) ??
12 to Tipasa
6 [but it should be 11] to Vasidice

Vasidice
Vasidice = Beshudeh = Mechta Medjouda Loutania ?
Vasidice = Beshudeh = Mechta-Medzhuda-Fuganiya ?
6 [but it should be 11] to Ad Molas
5 to Thacora

Thacora
[The actual site is probably here in the saddle, or perhaps in the valley to the west.]
Thacora = Cara = Mechta Ain Chaara ?
Thacora = Cora = Parc Kherata ??
Thacora = Cara = El Kala National Park ??
Thacora = Corha = Djedda Gotha ?
Thacora = Hachula = Mechtat Nechla ?
Thacora = Chechwa = Ain* Khechba
* Means "Spring" in Arabic. To see this, activate Google Earth's "Layers" > "Places" checkbox.
5 to Vasidice
5 to Gegetu

Gegetu
[It is ambiguous, from the Peutinger map, whether Ouergech and "Site Antique el Groura" here, are merely Gegetu, or also Haraggara. If the distances are correct, then it seems from the Peutinger map's distances that these 2 cities are actually separated by 2 or 3 miles, but they could, together with the modern placename Ouergech, in fact all be different forms of the same word H'Ueh'geka (or something similar), as shown below.]
Haraggara (Peutinger) = Gegetu (Peutinger) ?
H'Ueh'geka = Gegetu
H'Ueh'geka = Gegetu = "Site Antique el Groura" ?
H'Ueh'geka = Houaragch = Ouergech ?
H'Ueh'geka = Houaragch Gara = Haraggara ? *
* Strong likelihood, but there is a competing possible site for Haraggara, 18 miles ESE, which also has technically correct Peutinger-map-distances.
5 to Thacora
? to Haraggara

Haraggara

Haraggara ?
[It is ambiguous, from the Peutinger map, whether Ouergech and "Site Antique el Groura" here, are merely Gegetu, or also Haraggara. If the distances are correct, then it seems from the Peutinger map's distances that these 2 cities are actually separated by 2 or 3 miles, but they could, together with the modern placename Ouergech, in fact all be different forms of the same word H'Ueh'geka (or something similar), as shown below.]
Haraggara (Peutinger) = Gegetu (Peutinger) ?
H'Ueh'geka = Gegetu
H'Ueh'geka = Gegetu = "Site Antique el Groura" ?
H'Ueh'geka = Houaragch = Ouergech ?
H'Ueh'geka = Houaragch Gara = Haraggara ? *
* Strong likelihood, but there is a competing possible site for Haraggara, 18 miles ESE, which also has technically correct Peutinger-map-distances.
? to Gegetu
12 to Sicca Veria

Haraggara ?
Haraggara = Sidi Al Harrath ?
Haraggara = Al Guaraba ?
? to Gegetu
12 to Sicca Veria

Sicca Veria ?
Sicca Veria = Satfoura ?
12 to Haraggara
30 to Siguese

Siguese ?
Θουνούδρομον κολωνία
Thounoudromon colonia
Dromon = "Racetrack" in Greek
Thounoudromon (Ptolemy) = Suq al Jum'ah = Siguese (Peutinger) ??
Thounoudromon = Djumuh = Suq al Jumah ?
Siguese = Sug = Suq al Jumah ?
30 to Sicca Veria
14 [should be 43*] to Flacciana
7 to Brusiliana
* The 1st "I" in "xiii" should be an "L".

Brusiliana
Brusiliana = Sidi Bou Rouis ?
Brusiliana = Boukhil (8 miles N) ?
Brusiliana = Siliana (16 miles SE)* ?
[Siliana has a better name, but is displaced far out of the correct place, within the relative constellation of surrounding cities. Perhaps the city later moved to that location down there.]
7 to Siguese
12 to Larabue
7 to Thacia

Thacia
Thacia = Al Akhawat ?
[Siliana has a better name, but is displaced far out of the creek placed in the relative constellation of surrounding cities.]
7 to Brusiliana
7 to Mubsi

Mubsi
Mubsi = Tugga = Tichilla = Mustis
7 to Aobia
7 to Thacia

Aobia

Aobia
Aobia = Erbiaat (mongi jarouadi)* ??
* Placemark visible by activating the "Layers" menu > "Places" checkbox.
7 to Mubsi
7 [but would have to be 12, instead] to Thacia

Aobia ?
Aobia = Ayod = Sidi Ayed ?
Aobia = Ahowia = Arowisa = El Aroussa ?
[Note "Henchir-Meskine" archaeological site here.]
6 [but should be 11] to Tighica
7 [Britt should be 12] to Mubsi

Tichilla (Tighica) ?
Teglara or Teglata ?
[It seems that the Peutinger map reversed Tighica and Tichilla, and that the city is really Tichilla, not Tighica.]
Teglara (Peutinger) = Tichilla (Peutinger)
Dugga = Tugga = Tichilla = Dkhila ?
Dugga = Tugga = Tighica = Dkhila ?
Dugga = Tugga = Teglara = Dkhila ?
6 to Aobia
12 to Tichilla
6 [but should be 16] to Apuis/Aquis (hor style="width: 300px; opacity: 0.1;">

Tighica (Tichilla) ?
Θιγίβα (ἢ Θίηβα) κολωνία
Thigiba (or Thieba) colonia
[It seems that the Peutinger map reversed Tighica and Tichilla, and that this city is really Tighica, not Tichilla.]
Thigiba (Ptolemy) = Tighica (Peutinger)
12 to Tichilla
16 to Membrissa
[Coordinates relative to Thouboursic(c)a/Teboursouk call for the city to be here, however there are major sites, with many plausibly derived placenames, 13 miles west.]
=== Cities here ===
Thigiba = Thihghia = Thignica (Ain Tounga) ?
Thigibat = Ta Gibalat = Goubellat (17 miles E) ?
=== Cities 13 miles W ===
Thieba = Djebba = (13 miles W) ?
Thigiba = Thigibba Bure = Djebba (13 miles W) ?
Thieba = Thibar (13 miles W) ?
Thieba = Qasr at Tayr (25 miles E) ?
Thieba = Tabena (See below) ??
Meantime the inhabitants of Thabena, a nation situated on the extreme confines of Juba's kingdom, along the seacoast, and who had been accustomed to live in subjection to that monarch, having massacred the garrison left there by the king, sent deputies to Caesar to inform him of what they had done, and to beg he would take under his protection a city which deserved so well of the Roman people. Caesar, approving their conduct, sent M. Crispus the tribune, with a cohort, a party of archers, and a great number of engines of war, to charge himself with the defense of Thabena.

Apuis or Aquis
[Note amphitheater here. A bathhouse is drawn here on the Peutinger map, which suggests that Aquis might be the correct spelling. On the other hand, the placename certainly derived from Apuis.]
Apuis = Aphuih = Qa Afur
Apuis = Aphuih = Gaafour ?
Aquis = Al Akhawat (6 Miles SW) ?
_6 [should be 16] to Tighica
8 [should be 18] to Choreua
10 to Risea

Choreua
Choreua = Chirwach = Lic Echorfa
8 to Apuis/Aquis (Drawn bathhouse)
10 to Atticille

Ad Atticille
Θευδαλεῖ ἢ Θευδαλεία ἢ Θευδάλα
Theudal(ei)(a)
Theudal(ei)(a) (Ptolemy) = Ad Atticille (Peutinger)
Ad Atticille = Thiheale = Theudalei = Thaddur
Theudala = Thaddur* ?
Theudala = Ṭunbudha = Mohammedia** (27 miles NE) ??
* Note amphitheater here.
** See Wikipedia below. This possibility would rely upon the Ptolemaic twist, of the coast to think of actual North as supposedly pointing east (See Apollonos acron pin, on the northeast coast.), which is obvious from a consideration of the Ptolemaic coordinates.
10 to Choreua
10 to Vallis
=== Wikipedia on Mohammedia ===
Mohamedia was formerly known by the name of Ṭunbudha, and has been known by the current name of al-Muhammadiya since around the 11th century CE. The town grew up around the strategic Byzantine fortress of Tunbudha which, from its hilltop position, controlled the roads into Tunis and Carthage.

Vallis ?
Vallis = "Valley" in Latin
Valley = Iɣzer (pronounced /Ayzish/)* = Jabal Azeiz ?
* In Berber
10 to Ad Atticille
6 to Thurris

Thuraria
Thuraria = Halahia = Alawa = Bir Ouled Aloua
15 to Cicifa
3 to Thurburbominus [but should be Thurburbomaius*]
* Note therefore, that Thuraria is therefore represented, on the Peutinger map, as on the entirely wrong road, 28 miles N of here, when in fact it is down here. Supporting this, is the fact, that the distance between Thuburbominus and Cicifa is 15, with absolutely no need for Thuraria and its western 3-mile segment; these latter, consequently belong down here, where they ARE needed, attached to the OTHER Thuburbo, Thuburbomaius.

Thurris
Thurris = Qasr at Tayr ?
Thurris = Bir Touil (3 miles NE) ?
4 to Thisiduo
6 to Vallis
5 to Sicilibba

Chisiduo ?
Chisiduo
Chisiduo = Chisheid = Oulad Cheikh Ayed ?
8 to Membrissa
4 to Thurris

Membrissa ?
Membrissa = Mendheza = Medjez el Bab?
7 to Elefantaria
8 to Chisiduo

Sicilibba
Σίκ(κ)α Ουενερία
Sic(c)a Oueneria
Sic(c)a Oueneria (Ptolemy) = Sicilibba (Peutinger)
Oueneria = Oum + Eria = Erriadh ?
Sic(c)a = Eddekhila ?
Oueneria = Borj Ennour ?
Oueneria = Oum + Emria = Borj El Amri ?
Oueneria = Oum + Emriah = Elmraba3 ?
Sicilibba = Chiche = Ouled Cheikh Ayed ?
Oueneria = Oum + Aria = Ariana ?
5 to Thurris
13 to Inuca
28 to Tuburbomaius

Inuca
Inuca = Hunuch = Bou H'nash
13 to Sicilibba
2 to Ad Mercurium

Ad Pertussa
Pertussa = "Pierced" in Latin
Ad Pertussa = [Sheer guess. But Peutinger distances call for it to be right here.]
Ad Pertussa = "Mathqub"* = Mechtel ?
Ad Pertussa = Pher- = Cite el Fehri ?
* Means "pierced" in Arabic.
4 to Ad Mercurium
14 to Chartagine Colon

Ad Mercurium
Ad Mercurium Mercurium = Mornag(h/u)ia
2 to Inuca
4 to Ad Pertussa

More Inland

Sitisi to Gasaupala

Possible Paths

Ad Portu
Ad Portu. = Ad Portorum
Portu = Bouira
? to Sitifi col.
? to Ad Stabulu. Olearium

Ad Stabulu. Olearium

Ad Stabulu. Olearium
Ad Stabulu. Olearium = Ad Stabulorum Olearium =
"To the stables'/Stabuli-tribe's oil-works"
Stabuli = Dabuli = Mechta Debil ?
Stabuli = Tadale = Hammam Dalee ?
5 to Baccarus
? to Sitifi Col.
35 to Sitifi Col.

Ad Stabulu. Olearium ?
Ad Stabulu. Olearium = Ad Stabulorum Olearium =
"To the stables'/Stabuli-tribe's oil-works"
"Stable" = Mustaqirun (مستقر)* = Mechta Metaoucha ?
* In Arabic
5 to Baccarus
? to Sitifi Col.
35 to Sitifi Col.

Baccarus

Baccarus
Baccarus = Dokkara ?
[This is the best etymologically-derived place name, however its location would be better further (north-)east. Perhaps the city & placename moved from there, to here.
5 to Ad Stabulu Olearum
10 to Sturnos

Baccarus
Baccarus = Baga = Tobaga ?
5 to Ad Stabulu Olearum
10 to Sturnos

Baccarus = Bou Kremissa* ??
* Unlikely since "Bou" means "father of" and is commonly used in placenames as a separate word, not a piece of a word.
5 to Ad Stabulu Olearum
10 to Sturnos

Baccarus = Mechta Ouled Bou Hariz ?
Baccarus = Mechtat Mekhiris ?

Baccarus = Maccarha = Mkarta ?
Baccarusina = M'Char'sina = El M'Khazene ?

Ad Shirnos

ad Sturnos
Sturnos or Shirnos ?
Sturnos = Zhuhna = Djaouna ?
Sturnos = Zhuhna = Mestet Jouni
Sturnos = Djurna = Beurha = Duar El Buir ??
Sturnos = Ztuhna = Douar Zituni (6 miles N)* ?
Sturnos = Ztuhna = Ezitoun (3 miles W)* ?
*But Zaytoun means "Olive" in Arabic, so these proposed etymologies are less likely, unless Sturnos is the local ancient word for "olive," which is unlikely since "Ad Stabulu. Olearium" is 23 miles WNW.
10 to Baccarus
12 to Thabute

Ad Shirnos ?
Sturnos or Shirnos ?
Ad Shirnos = El Achir ?
12 [but would have to be 20] to Thabute

Ad Shirnos ?
Sturnos or Shirnos ?
Ad Shirnos = Mechtat Mekhiris ?
12 to Thabute

Ad Shirnos ?
Ad Shirnos = Ksour ?
12 to Thabute

Thabute
Thabute = Dhabaute = Douar El Bdirate
12 to Adsturnos
25 [but should be 30] to Salinana

Saluiana ?
Saluiana or Salinana ?
Salinana = "Salty/Saline" in Latin
Saluiana = Salwam   = Ouled Salem Belhadj ?
Salinana = Salema'a = Ouled Salem Belhadj ?
Saluiana = PSalua = El Bsala ?
"Salty/Saline" = Milh(i)* = (Mechta/Ouled) Melloul ?
* In Arabic
=== Other Possibilities ===
Saluiana = PSalua = Ouled Sahou Ben Ahmed (5 miles NWN) ?
Saluiana = Salhwi = Domaine Salhi Ahmed (6 miles NW) ?
Saluiana = Salhwa = Cheikh Salah (4 miles SW) ?
Salviana = Sahbia'a = Mechtat Ouled Sbaa (6 miles SE) ?
25 [but should be 30] to Thabute
? to Lucullianus

Lucullianus
Lucullianus = Busella = (Mechtat) Boussel(l)am ?
Lucullianus = Heulliama = El Eulma ?
? to Salinana
12 to Visalta

Visalta
Visalta = Busella = (Mechtat) Boussel(l)am ?
12 to Lucullianus
9 to Buduxi

Buduxi
Buduxi = Berteaux
Buduxi = Berteau Ain Lehma ?
Buduxi = Bir Boukechiche ?
9 to Visalta
5 to Sigus

Sigus
Sigus = Sigus
5 to Buduxi
9 [but should be 19] to Thigisi

Tenebreste
Tenebreste = Temeresiteh = Timarsitine
6 to Thigisi
6 to Ad Centenariu.

Ad Centenariu.

Ad Centenariu.
Ad Centenariu. = 100 = Centi
Centi = Seneti = Oued Zenati ?
6 to Thenebreste
6 to Ad Rubras.

Ad Centenarium ?
Ad Centenariu. = Centenari(or)um = 100
Centenaria = Sehltanohia = Selha Anonia = Sellaoua Announa ?
100 = "Tamiḍi"* = Boumedi(e)ne ??
* In Berber.
6 to Thenebreste
6 to Ad Rubras.

Ad Rubras

Ad Rubras ?
Ad Rubras = "To the red things/women"
"Red" = 'Ahmar (أحمر)* = Medjez Amar ?
6 [but should be 11] to Ad Centenariu.
6 to Gasaupala

Ad Rubras ?
Ad Rubras = "To the red things/women"
Rubras = Budjrah = Boujram(dan)e = Boujrane ?
Rubras = Budjrah = Boujram(dan)e = Bouhamdane ?
6 [but should be 11] to Ad Centenariu.
6 to Gasaupala

Ad Rubras ?

Tigisi ?
Tigisi = Tiga = Tucuh = Bordzh-El'-Khadzh-Takhar ?
Tigisi = Tigga = Thenjuh = Al Henshir (الهنشير) ?
Tigisi = Higehsh = Meshta-Bu-Gersh ?
9 [but should be 19] to Sigus
6 to Thenebreste

Tigisi ?
Tigisi = Tercisina = Meshtet-Terkin ?
Tigisi = Tecasina = Taxas ?
9 to Sigus

Tigisi = Tlacish = Meshta-Takhi ?
9 to Sigus

Cirta to Tipasa

Castellum Sabatianum

Castellum Sabatianum
Castellum Sabatianum = "Castle of the Sabatiani"
[An alternate term for a Castellum would be a Castrum, which is the singular of Castra, which plural means literally "castles", which is the term for a legionary camp, from all the towers around the edges of it.]
Sabatia = Bel*-Sebetsa = Meshta-Besbesa ?
Sabata = El Sebeta = El Seheta = Esetah ?
Castrum = Be*-Cassem = Djema Sidi Ali Belkassem ?
Castrum = Be*-Cassem = Mekassa ?
Castrum = Be*-Cassem = Bekkouche Lakhdar ??
[Perhaps the original site was under the lake, or on one of these peaks.]
* "Be(l)-" seems to be a local toponym, perhaps from the nearby cities of Belluar or Bekkouche Lakhdar.
=== Placenames associated with the Sabatiani ===
Sabat = Es Sebt (13 miles W)
Sabat = Guellat Bou Sbaa (13 miles SE)
Sabat = Bordj Sabath (24 miles SW)
Sabat = Said Bousbaa (25 miles W)
Sabat = Azzaba (13 miles WNW)
Sabat = Meshtet-Zebda (14 miles W)
? to ⛰
25 [but should be 30] to Thibili

Mtn.
[Highly mountainous land]

Castellum Sabatianum
Castellum Sabatianum = Guellat Bou Sbaa
[this site is correctly 25 miles from Thibili, however the Peutinger map shows this route from Thibili as being north, not south, of that from Thibili to Ad Lapidem Barium and Gasaupala.
? to ⛰
25 to Thibili

Thibili
Thibili = Tuehile = Ain Touila
[Note that the official proposed candidate for Thibilis is 40 miles southwest, next to modern "Sellaoua Announa."]
25 to Castellum Sabatianum
7 to Capraria

Capraria
Capraria = Kebouda
Capraria = Meshtet Khakura
Capraria = Chefia
7 to Thibili
12 to Vico Iuliani

Gausapola to Siguese

Ad Lapidem Baium

Ad Lapidem Baium
Lapidem = Laabidi ?
[This site (Laabidi) has a better etymological derivation, but the other site 7 miles SE of here (Ain Ben Beida) is correctly south of the route from Thibili to possible Castellum Sabatianum, whereas this one isn't. ]
6 [but should be 4] to Gausaupala's
? to Thibili

Ad Lapidem Baium
Baium Lapidem = Ba'un Beiden = Ben Beideh = Ain Ben Beida ?
[The other site (Laabidi), 7 miles NW of here, has a better etymological derivation, but this site is correctly south of the route from Thibili to possible Castellum Sabatianum, whereas that one isn't.]
6 [but should be 4] to Gausaupala's
? to Thibili

Gasaupala

Gasaupola
Gasaupola* = "Gasau city"
* -pola merely means "city," from Greek "polis"
Gasaupola* = Ga Guelma (Here) ?
This is the best choice because . . .
it reflects the layout depicted on the Peutinger map, namely, that Gausapola is at a southern latitude, in between Ad Rubras and Fonte Potamiano, not at a latitude north of them;
it has Roman ruins;
it has the phoneme also present in the 1st 2 competing possibilities below, namely "Guel-";
=== Competing Possibilities: ===
Gasaupola = Hasalpol = Essalib (13 miles W) ?
Gasaupola = Gohel(pol) = Guellat Bou Sbaa (7 miles N) ?
Gasaupola = Gohelia = Mechtet Gouley'a (14 miles N) ?
Gasaupala = Ghausha = Khaush-Ragush-Akhmed ( 21 miles NE) ?
Gasaupala = Ghausha = Khaush-Bramiya (16 miles E) ?
Gasaupola = Ghauzhal = Khezara ?
. 6 to Ad Rubras
? to Fonte Potamiano
6 [but should be 16 or 21] to Ad Lapidem Baium

Gasaupola
Gasaupola = Guellat Bou Sbaa ?
6 to Ad Rubras
? to Fonte Potamiano
6 to Ad Lapidem Baium

Gasaupala
Gasaupala = Gouley'a
[This site (Laabidi) has a better etymological derivation, but the other site 13 miles ESE of here (Ain Ben Beida) is correctly south of the route from Thibili to Castellum Sabatianum, whereas this one isn't. It seems therefore, that the other site is the original ancient site, and the name gradually migrated to here, perhaps through municipality-transfer, colonization, or population-migration."]
6 to Ad Rubras
? to Fonte Potamiano
6 [but should be 4] to Ad Lapidem Baium

Gasaupala
Gasaupala = Causha = Khaush-Ragush-Akhmed ?
Gasaupala = Causha = Khaush-Bramiya (8 miles SSW) ?
[The other site (Laabidi), 13 miles 2NW of here, has a better etymological derivation, but this site is correctly south of the route from Thibili to Castellum Sabatianum, whereas that one isn't. It seems therefore, that this is the original ancient site, and the name gradually migrated to there, perhaps through municipality-transfer, colonization, or population-migration."]
6 to Ad Rubras
6 [but should be 4] to Ad Lapidem Baium

Gasaupola
Gasaupola = Essalib ?
6 to Ad Lapidem Baium

Fonte Potamiano
Fonte Potamiano = "River Headwaters" in Latin/Greek.
Fonte Potamiano = "Roman bath (Roman ruins)" *
* Arabic is Hamaam alruwmia (athar rumaniatun) / حمام الرومية (اثار رومانية). Visible by activating Google Earth's Layers > Places checkbox.
** Arabic for "baths"
? to Gasaupala
3 [should be 6] to Magri

Magri
Μίρεον ἢ Μύραιον
Mireon or Myraion
Mireon (Ptolemy) = Magri (Peutinger) ?
Megara = Magri
Megara = Meshtet-Megaa-Siud
3 [should be 6] to Fonte Potamiano
4 to Rustici
=== Alternative Mireon possibilities ===
Mireon = Mehroh = Mechroha ?
Mireon = Merahn = Merahna ?
Myraion = Ehrrom = Koudiat Er-Rym ?

Rustici
Rustici* = Amazir** = Madjeh = Meshtat El Madjene
* Means "Countrysides" in Latin
** Means "Countrysides" in Berber
[This is a major pass.]
4 to Magri
9 to Ad Pisinas

Ad Pisinas ?
Ad Pisinas = "To the pools/baths" in Latin.
Ad Pisinas = Hissine = Bordiel El Hassane
9 to Rustici
6 to Velesi

Velesi ?
Velesi = Lawesi = Cite Moussa Lahouasnia ??
6 to Ad Pisinas
3 to Vatari

Vatari (Matari ?)
Απαρι (ἢ Αἰτάρη)
Apari (or Aitare)
Apari/Aitare (Ptolemy) =  Vatari Matari (Peutinger) = Madaura (Augustine) ?
(Perhaps Vatari's first letter (V) was supposed to be an M, but 2 of the strokes were smudged out.)
Less likely, this site might also be Ptolemy's Apari / Aitare, but probably isn't, because there is a better candidate for Apari / Aitare, namely, Taoura, 9 miles NE, which . . .
is correctly further east than Vico Valeriani, as required by Ptolemaic longitudes;
has an etymology which could more easily and organically lose the "-P-" from "Apari":
Apari = Haphaura = Thahoura = Taoura
unlike this site, which has difficulty doing so:
Apari = Atari = Oum Atari = Matari = Madauros ?
Apari = Hatari =     Natari = Matari = Madauros ?
Madaure* = [Site here]
Madaure* = M'Darourouch
Madaure* = Mechta-Medareg-Narou
Madaure* = Taoura ??
* Madaure is a major Roman site, boasting a "mausoleum, vast thermae, a Byzantine fortress, and a Roman basilica," and also where St. Augustine studied.
3 to Velesi
25 to Vico Valeriani
16 to Flavia Marci

Alternate route

Fonte Potamiano ?
Fonte Potamiano
Fonte = Tala* = Drabilia Tahar ?
Fonte = Tala* = Quartier Djebbar Tayeb ?
Potamiano = Baramiano = Khaush-Bramiya ?
? to Gasaupala
3 to Magri

Magri
Magri = Muchi = Moulchia = Moualkia ?
3 to Fonte Potamiano
4 to Rustici

Rustici
Rustici = Meshta-Dokrush ?
* Means "Countrysides" in Latin
4 to Magri
9 to Ad Pisinas

Ad Pisinas ?
Ad Pisinas = "To the pools/baths" in Latin.
Ad Pisinas = "Roman bath (Roman ruins)" *
Ad Pisinas = Hammam** Nbail (5 miles E) ?
* Arabic is Hamaam alruwmia (athar rumaniatun) / حمام الرومية (اثار رومانية). Visible by activating Google Earth's Layers > Places checkbox.
** Arabic for "baths"
[This site is on a major North-artery through the mountains.]
6 to Velesi

Velesi

Velesi ?
Velesi = Be-esa = Meshta-Besbesa ?
3 [perhaps should be 23] to Vatari

Velesi ?
Velesi = Bu-Lehi = Bu-Liphi = Meshtet-Bu-Lifa ?
Velesi = Lehetsi = Luhitsi = Louritsia ?
3 to Vatari

Velesi = Ouelehi = Ouillen ?
3 to Vatari

Vatari

Vatari
Απαρι (ἢ Αἰτάρη)
Apari (or Aitare)
[This site is less good, both because it isn't a major Roman site, and also because it isn't the requisite 25 miles from Vico Valeriani, but only 12.]
Aitare (Ptolemy) = Vatari (Peutinger)
Aitare = Taoura ?
25 to Vico Valeriani
16 to Flavia Marci

Vatari
Απαρι (ἢ Αἰτάρη)
Apari (or Aitare)
[This site is horrible because it isn't the requisite 25 miles from Vico Valeriani, but only 15, all of which is a straight shot thru broad flatland, and thus not subject to normal meandering so as to gain more distance.]
Aitare (Ptolemy) = Vatari (Peutinger)
Aitare = Taruh = Tare Meshtet-Ben-Tarua ??
25 to Vico Valeriani
16 to Flavia Marci

Vico Valeriani
Λάρης
Lares
Lares (Ptolemy) = Vico Valeriani (Peutinger)
Valeriani = Aleliawi = Lalaouia
Lares = Souk Ahras ??
Lares = Lauleh = Cite Hamma Loulou ??
Lares = As Sars ??
25 to Ad Vatari
7 to Ad Arualla

Arualla
Arualla = Awuelleh = Ouillen
16 to Sibus

Sibus ?
Sibus = Al'Siba = Meshta-El'-Asaba ?
16 [should be 13] to Arualla
14 [should be 4] to Flacciana

Flacciana ?
Flacciana = Sidi Salakh ?
14 [should be 4] to Sibus
14 [should be 43*] to Siguese
* The 1st "I" in "xiii" should be an "L".

Vatari to Theueste

Vasampus
Αζάμα
Azama
Azama (Ptolemy) = Vasampus (Peutinger)
Azama = Qalat -As-Sanan ? *
Vasampus = Vas Xanthus** = "Yellow vein"***
* Ptolemy's Azama is certainly Peutinger's Vasampus; however, whether they are both here at Qalat -As-Sanan is doubtful, because, supposedly, the city was named in the 18th century after a local warlord.
** Vas is Latin; Xanthus is Greek.
*** Note phosphate mines marker, 2.65 miles east of here, visible by activating Google Earth's "Layers" > "Places" checkbox.
12 to Mova

Flavia Marci

Flavia Marci ?
[Perhaps Flavia was supposed to be Fluvia.]
Fluvia Marci = Fluvius* Malgi = Mellègue/Mallāq river ?
* Means "River" in Latin
=== Alternatives ===
Marci = "of Marcus" ?
Flavia = "The yellow thing" ?
Flavia Marci = "The blond wife of Marcus" ??
"Yellow" = 'asfar (أصفر) / sifr (صفر) = Esif = Mechtat-Lesiaf ?
16 to (V/M)atari
20 to Vasampus

Flavia Marci ?
Marci = Malgi = Mellègue/Mallāq river*
Marci = "of Marcus" ?
Flavia = "The yellow thing" ?
Flavia Marci = "The blond wife of Marcus" ??
* However, the Mellègue river proper, doesn't actually extend this far, but stops at the lake 20 miles NE. Down here, are mere tributaries of that river.
Flavia = El Auia = El Aouinet (city & mountain) ?
Flavia = El Laviah = Meshta-Bir-Lavar (9 miles NNE) ?

Mova

Mova
Mova = Amor-Moara
12 to Vasampus
15 [note but should be 20] To Theueste

Mova ?
Mova = Nouah = Mechtat-Nouaeriya ??
12 to Vasampus
15 [note but should be 20] To Theueste

Aquis to Lepte

Risea ?
Risea or Risca ?
Risea = Rishala = Sidi Rahal ?
Risea = Rishala = Sidi Errahla ?
10 to Auitta
18 to ?

[Name missing from the Peutinger map.]
18 Risea
10 to Auitta

Auitta
Auitta = Abinta = Henchir Bent el-Bey
[Note that the official proposed site of Avitta Bibba is 10 miles NW of here.]
18 + 10 to Risea
5 to Thuburbomaius

Thuburbomaius
Θουβουρβώ
Thoubourbo
Thoubourbo (Ptolemy) = Thuburbomaius (Peutinger) ?
[This might not be the Ptolemaic location, because it's Ptolemaic latitude of 35 would suggest that it is far to the east.]
Thuburbomaius = Thuburbo Majus
28 to Sicilibba
5 to Auitta
15 to Onellana

Onellana
Ain* Huahia = On El Huana = Onellana
Ain* Huahia = On El Huana = Onellana = Melhana = Mulghane = Moghrane ?
Ain* Huahia = On El Huana = Onellana = Bir Halima ?
Ar** Huahia = El Houana = El-Houma El-Arbi
Ar** Huahia = Arrhuaghia = Errouaiguia
Ar** Huahia = Ar Chuaghia = Chragua
Dagh** Huahia = Dzag Houana = Zaghouan***
* Means "Spring"
** Means "Mountain"
*** A supposed "Water-temple" (??) is here, where begins a Roman aqueduct.
15 to Tuburborhaius
15 to Uthica
16 to Bibae

Uthica
Ούζαν
Ouzan
Οὔθινα
Outhina
Ouzan (Ptolemy) = Outhina (Ptolemaic revision) = Uthica* (Peutinger)
* Note that this is not the famous Utica which is 20 miles NW of Carthage; nor is it the Uzitta (Ptolemaic Ouzi(t/c)a), which latter Caesar besieged.
Outhina = Uthina Archaeological site
Outhina = Cite Seltenne (14 miles ENE) ?
15 to Onellana
20 or 27 [but should be 37] to Thuni or Max(o)ula**
7 to Thuni/Thum/Thuns/Thuris ??**
** The most likely place for Thuni is at Tunis, west of Carthage, which means that this 7 (VII) should be read as part of the 20 (XX) to Max(o)ula, i.e, 27 (XXVII).

Theueste to Thisdro

Ad Mercurium
Ad Mercurium = Bekkaria
11 to Theueste
14 to Ad Medera

Ad Medera
Ad Medera = Haydrah
14 to Ad Medera
16 to Mutia
[Note Byzantine fortress here.]

Mutia
"Hidden" = Mukhtafi (مختفي)* = Mutia
"Hidden" = Mahjub (مَحْجُوب)* = Mahjouba
Mutia = Mutsia = Muzua = Mahjouba ?
Mutia = Boulthianah = Boulahnech ?
Mutia = Bohrtua = Bouhrwa ?
* Arabic
[This site is picked by triangulated necessity of the distances to the 3 surrounding cities. It also has a major mountain, and thus water-source.]
16 to Ad Medera
16 to Alturburos
16 [but should be 26] to Orba

Larabus
Larabue = Equi Lorbeuss
7 to Orba
12 to Brusiliana

Obba
Orba or Obba ?
Obba = Obbah = Abadh = Swari Abida* ?
Orba = Juar = Dawwar Bin Jarw?
Orba = El Ksour (8 miles SE) ?
* This site is also best because it is north of the major archaeological site designated as Althiburos (7 miles S)
16 to Mutia
7 to Larabue

Alturburos
Alturburos = Alturburos site
16 to Mutia
16 to Altessera

Altessera
Altessera = Haktehher = Maktar
16 [but should be 26] to Alturburos
10 to Assures

Assures
Assures = El Ksour
10 to Altessera
10 to Zamaregia

Zamaregia
Ζαμαμιζὼν (ἢ Ζάμα μείζων)
Zamamizon (or Zama Meizon)
Zamamizon (or Greater Zama)
[This Ptolemaic Latitude of 34.33 is utterly wrong. It should be about 31.33 .]
Zamaregia = "Zama regional capital"
Zamamizon (Ptolemy) = Zamareigia (Peutinger)
Zama = Jena = Dechret Jenoua
Zamamizon = Dechret Jenoua (here)
Zamamizon = Zaramidin (71 miles ESE) ??
10 to Assures
20 to Seggo
[Note at the pin site, a photo of a 2-story tomb of Gaius Marius (The younger? The older?), also mentioned in the Wikipedia article below. This supports the idea that this is Zama, as Gaius Marius the older besieged Zama in the 109 B.C. Battle of Zama.
=== Wikipedia on the City of Aggar ===
Outside the city proper stands a two-storey mausoleum of a certain C. Marius Romanus with roofing almost intact.
=== Caesar's African Wars, Ch. 91 ===
Meanwhile, king Juba, who had escaped from the battle with Petreius, hiding himself all day in the villages, and traveling only by night, arrived at last in Numidia. When he came to Zama, his ordinary place of residence, where were his wives and children, with all his treasures, and whatever he held most valuable, and which he had strongly fortified at the beginning of the war; the inhabitants, having heard of Caesar's victory, refused him admission, because, upon declaring war against the Romans, he had raised a mighty pile of wood in the middle of the forum, designing, if unsuccessful, to massacre all the citizens, fling their bodies and effects upon the pile, then setting fire to the mass, and throwing himself upon it, destroy all without exception, wives, children, citizens, and treasures, in one general conflagration. After continuing a considerable time before the gates, finding that neither threats nor entreaties would avail, he at last desired them to deliver up his wives and children, that he might carry them along with him. But receiving no answer, and seeing them determined to grant him nothing, he quitted the place, and retired to one of his country-seats with Petreius and a few horse.

Seggo
Ζίγιρα
Zigira
Zigira (Ptolemy) = Shichira = Shigghuh = Seggo (Peutinger)
` Zigira = Shichira = Ain Chrichira
Zigira = Shichira = Ain Chrichira = Ash Shurayshirah
20 to Zamaregia
10 to Avula

Auula
Νούρολι (ἢ Νούρουν)
Nouroli (or Nouroun)
Nourouna (Ptolemy) = Haurouah = Auula (Peutinger)
Nouroun = Haurouan = Kairouan
Nouroun = Haurouah = Auula
10 to Seggo
7 to Autipsidam

Autipsidam
Autipsidam = Altisiddah = Chrit Alsaaidit (ألسعأيدية) ?
Autipsidam = Psidia = Hanshir Sa'diyah ?
7 to Auula
6 to Uhappa

Uhappa
"Υδατα θερμά
Hydata Therma = "Hot waters"
Hydata Therma (Ptolemy) = Uhappa (Peutinger)
Uhappa = Al Habbah = Al Hawmat
Uhappa = Al Shabbah = Qulayb As Sabt
Uhappa = Al Shabbah = As-Subayhah
Hydata = Shubatha = As-Subayhah
6 to Autipsidam
6 [but really 45] to Manange

Manange
Manange = Jebel Mennchar
6 or 45 (?) to Uhappa
7 to Aggaar

Aggaar
Αβδειρα ἢ Αυδειρα
Abdeira or Audeira
/Awdeira/
Agar (Caesar) = Aud[j]eira (Ptolemy) = Aggaar (Peutinger) = Argoub
[Based mainly on Caesar, paragraph 79 below, this is probably not also the Peutinger map's similar-sounding but different city, Aggerful, which is probably 20 miles NE. For this city must be 16 (21?) miles from Thapsus, but that one cannot possibly be.]
Agar = Agaruh = Aggarb = Aggerful = Bou Argroub ?
Aggaar = Jebel Mennchar ?
Agar = Ughur = Cite Zouhour ??
=== Aggaar ===
7 to Manange
14 to Aquas Regias
=== Aggerful ===
6 to Mediocera
8 to Ulisippira
68 The town of Zeta, lying on Scipio's side of the country, was not above ten miles from his camp, but might be about eighteen from that of Caesar. [At Agar - See bold text below] . . .
He marched from it on the fourth day, and then returned to his former camp at Agar. Scipio did the same, and retreated to his old quarters.
. . . marched sixteen miles beyond ["from," in the orignal Latin] Agar to Thapsus, . . .

Aquas Regias ?

Aquas Regias ?
Aquas Regias ? = Ain Malakia (ملكية)* = Meheka = Ain Kmicha ?
* Means "King" in Arabic
14 to Aggaar
16 to Terento

Aquas Regias ?
Aquas Regias
Regias = "Royal" = Agellid* = Beni Khalled?
14 to Aggaar
16 to Terento

Terento

Terento
Ζούρμεντον
Zourmenton
Zourmenton (Ptolemaic revision) = Tsurenton = Terento (Peutinger) ?
Terento = Cherheneto = Chorfine ?
Terento = Ereneto = Ruihine (الرويحين) ?
Terento = Remetuh = Errahma* / Al Ramat (لرحمة) ?
* Attested spelling, e.g, at "Staroil Erahma"
16 to Aquas Regias
10 to Aeliae

Terento ?
Terento = Tehennteh = Cite Seltenne ?
10 to Aeliae

Aeliae

Aeliae ?
Λεαί
Leai
Leai (Ptolemaic revision) = Aeliae (Peutinger)
Aeliae = Henchir-ed-Dalia* = Qum Dhouil ?
Aeliae = Ha'uli = Al Dhuwall ?
* Attested in the Barrington Atlas
10 to Terento
? to Thisdro

Aeliae ?
Ελλίκα
Ellica
[Perhaps should be Ecolla, instead, as called for by the widespread toponym "Cholla" (below), perhaps a form of Columba" (below)?]
Ellica (Ptolemy) = Aeliae (Peutinger) = Imada de Sidi Alaya (8 miles NE) ?
[This may be Ellica, but it's probably not Aeliae]
Ellica = Erlice = Turki ?
Ellica = Erlice = Tubernuc* = Tobournok ? (10 miles SW) ?
Ellica = Manzil Bu Zalafah ?
Ellica = Cholla = Hulucu = Hukulumbarros** = Grombalia ?
Ellica = Cholla = Boucharray ?
Ellica = Cholla = Beni Khalled ?
Aeliae = Imada de Sidi Alaya ?
Aeliae = Halliah = Beni Khalled ??
* But the site of Tubernuc could also be Ptolemy's "Tobros." However, if it is Ellica, and Tobros is instead somewhere about 11 miles WSW, and that would greatly straighten out Ptolemaic Longitude-line 34. ** Supposedly means "Returning pigeon" in Latin (Huc Columba).

Desert

W to Theueste

Praesidium
Praesidium = "Guard-station"
"Station" = Tangart* = taɣsert**
"Station" = Tangart* = Tingartia*** = Tihhart = Tiaret
* In guessed ancient Berber
** In modern Berber.
*** Attested. See Wikipedia below:
? to Map-edge
50 toa Salinas Hubonenentes
=== Wikipedia on Tiaret ===
The province has been inhabited since antiquity, and there are numerous megalithic monuments. It served as a Roman station and fort, Tingartia.[4] Near Tiaret are the jedars, which are ancient mausoleums. The edifices demonstrate that the area was inhabited during the Late Antiquity by a Berber tribe(s) that could build in stone.

Salinas Hubonenentes
Salinas Hubonenentes = Huboun = Chahbounia
50 to Praesidium
16 to Vaccis

Tubo(h/n)is

Tubo(h/n)is
Θισ(τ)ίζιμα
This(t)izima
=== Modern localization of This(t)izima's toponym ===
[It seems below, that this is the correct original location of the 2 toponyms below (Tubo(h/n)is and Thisizima), based on coordinates, Peutinger distances, and etymologies. However, the placename itself has definitively transferred to "Tiftissine," a suburb of Ch(o/i)zala (modern Haizer), 60 miles NE. So perhaps "Dif," here, is a form of--and the original location of-- "Tif," up there.]
Thistizima = Tiftissine
=== This(t)izima and Tubo(h/n)is as Mechta Bu Azza, here ===
Thisizima (Ptolemy) = Tubo(h/n)is (Peutinger) ?
Tubohis = Tuh Bo jhez = Tushezah = Thisizima ?
Tubohis = Ta Bou Hez = Mechta Bu Azza ?
Tubohis = Tuholahdis = Mechta Ulad Dif ?
Tubohis = La Tubhhia = Lathamnia ?
25 [but should be 15] to Vaccis
=== Alternative unlikely idea ===
Thisizima = Dif + Utsummia = Mechta Ulad Dif ??
Thisizima = Dif + Utsummia = Mechta Lathamnia ??

Tubo(h/n)is ?
Tubo(h/n)is
Tubonis = Tchuhbouneh = Chahbounia ?
25 [but should be 15] to Vaccis

Tubo(h/n)is ?
Tubohis = Bouchis = Ain Boucif ?
25 [but should be 15] to Vaccis

Vaccis

Vaccis ?
Βούρκα
Bourca
Bourca (Ptolemy) = Vacca (Peutinger) ?
Bourca = Bou Regaa
Bourca = Boghar
Bourca = Ksar Boukhari
16 to Salines Hubonenentes
25 to Tubo(h/n)is
25 [but should be 35] to Adoculum Marinum

Vaccis ?
Vacca = "Empty"* = Ilum** = Alama ?
* In Latin
** In Berber
16 to Salines Hubonenentes
25 [but should be 15] to Tubo(h/n)is
25 to Adoculum Marinum

Vaccis ?
Vacca = "Cow" in Latin
Bous/Bovis = "Cow" in Greek
Vaccis = "Cow" = Boos = Ain Boucif ?
Vaccis = Baucif = Ain Boucif () ?
16 to Salines Hubonenentes
25 to Tubo(h/n)is
25 [should be 16] to Adoculum Marinum

Adoculum Marinum ?
Adoculum Marinum = Adharcuruh = A'harhura = Chellalat El Aharoura ?
25 to Vaccis
18 [but should be 23] to Ad Capsu. Iuliani/Niliani/Niham/Mliani/Mlham
? to Sitifi Col.

Sitifi Col.

Sitifi Col.
Sitifi Col. = Sitifi Colonia
Sitifi = El Kern Essefia ?
40 to Tamannuna Municipium
? to Adoculum Marinum
12 to Monte
? to Ad Portu.
35 to Ad Portu.
13 [but should be 42 or 45] to Ad Olivam

Setifi ?

26 Sitiph(a/i) Colonia / S(e/i)ttici Colonia 29.33
Σίτιφα (ἢ Σίτιφι ἢ Σήττικι ἢ Σίτ(τ)ικι) κολωνία
Sitipha (or Sitiphi or Settici or Sit(t)ici) Colonia
Sitiph(a/i) Colonia / S(e/i)ttici Colonia
Sit(t)ici) Colonia (Ptolemy) = Sitifi. Col. (Peutinger)
Sit(t)ici) Colonia = Psittaci Colonia = "Parrots Colony" ?
Sit(t)ici) = Sittian tribe* ?
Sitifi Colonia = Setif ?
Sit(t)ici Colonia = Constantine* ?
* See Wikipedia below:
(? or) 40 to Adoculum Marinum
? (or 40?) to Tamannuna Municipium et Castellum
12 to Monte
35 (via 2 routes) to Ad Portv. Ad Stabulu. Olearium
? to
=== Wikipedia on Cirta ===
The town's Punic name krtn[2][3] (𐤊𐤓𐤕𐤍, probably pronounced "Kirthan",[4] with a hard, breathy /tʰ/ sound) is probably not the Punic word meaning "town", which was written with a Q (i.e., qoph) rather than a K (kaph).[5] Instead, it is likely a Punic transcription of an existing Berber placename.[4] This was later Latinized as Cirta. Under Julius Caesar, the Sittian settlement was known as Respublica IIII Coloniarum Cirtensium;[6] Pliny also knew it as Cirta Sittianorum ("Cirta of the Sittians").[7] Under Augustus, in 27 or 30 BC, its official name was Colonia Julia Juvenalis Honoris et Virtutis Cirta;[8] this was sometimes reduced to Cirta Julia ("Julian Cirta"),[9] 'Colonia Cirta or simply Cirta.[8] This name was rendered as Ancient Greek: Κίρτα, romanized: Kírta by the historians Diodorus Siculus, Polybius, Appian, Cassius Dio, and Procopius and by the geographers Ptolemy and Strabo.[10]
After its refounding as Constantina (Latin: Civitas Constantina Cirtensium) by Constantine the Great after AD 312, Cirta became known as Constantine.[11]

Monte ?
Monte = Ighil Nait Mhend ?
? to river
12 to Sitifi Col
13 to Chulcul Colonia [or at least, to the river that leads there]

Ad Capsu. Mliam
=== Ambiguous name: ===
Iu(h/li)a(ni/m) /
Ni(h/li)a(ni/m) /
M(h/li)a(ni/m)
Ad Capsu. Mliam = Ouled Moulah ?
Ad Capsu. Mliam = Sidi Aissa Ben Moulahoum ?
18 to [but should be 23] Adoculum Marinum
16 to Zaras

Zaras
Zaras = Djera = Khettouti Sed El Djir ?
Zaras = Djera = Ben El Dir ?
Zaras = Djera = Mechta Bezeria ?
16 to Ad Capsu. Mliam
12 to Swaddurusi Psidium

Swaddurusi Psidium
Swaddurusi Psidium = (Beni) Souid ?
12 to Zaras
10 to Centenarium

Ad Centenarium
Ad Centenarium = 100
100 = Miayat (مائة)* = Mechta Ouled Mehaia ?
10 to Swaddurusi Psidium
10 to Lamasbua
15 to Ad Biaham

Ad Biaham

Ad Biaham
Ad Biaham = Ouled Beia + Mesta Hamani
15 to Ad Centenarium
12 [to Mtn. Pass] + 10 [but should be 100] + 3 to Lampsili

Ad Biaham ?
Ad Biaham
Ad Biaham = Boumia ?
15 [but should be 105] to Ad Centenarium
12 + 10 + 3 to Lampsilij

Lamasbua
[Lamasbua, or could alternatively be Lamasbita ?]
Lamasbita = Lahuabit = Lahouabib
Lamasbua = Lahahwuah = Yahia Lehouas
10 to Ad Centenarium
? to Lambiridi

Lambiridi

Lambiridi
Lambiridi = Birhuthe = Ouled Belhout
Lambiridi = Birethe = Bel'-Aiba / Belaiba
Lambiridi = Biruthe = Barech = Ouled Barik ?
Lambiridi = Ambaruh = Ouled Abari ??
? to Lamasbua
? to Lambese

Lambiridi
Ναβάβουρον
Nababouron
Nababouron (Ptolemy) = Hamburod = Lambiridi (Peutinger) ?
Nababouron = Burron = Berhoum
Nababouron = Burron = Brahim ?
Nababouron = Bourruh = Mechta Bouira
Nababouron = Dabarhuh = Dhebaha ?
Nababouron = Bourrab = Oulid Boudiaf ?
Lambiridi = Birini = Berhoum ?
Lambiridi = Birini = (Mechta Ouled) Brahim ?
Lambiridi = Birini = Mechta Bouira ??
? to Ad Biaham
? to Lambese

Lambese ?
Lambese = Lahmissi
Lambese = Be-Lahbeh = Belaiba ?
Lambese = Rahnbeze = Bou Rebza ?
? to Lambiridi
? to Ad Basilicam Diadumene
18 to Lambasudi

Lampsila
Lampsila = Lambila = Remila
12 + 10 + 3 [should be 22 + 20 + 3] to Ad Biaham
? to Adlali

Lambasudi ?
Lambasudi = Ouleh Messoudi = Mechta Ouled Messaoud ?
18 [should be 23] to Lambese
5 to Thamugadi

Thamugadi
[Major archaeological site here.]
Thamugadi = Timgad
5 to Lambasudi
8 to Popleto

Popleto
Popleto = Bou Pretzu = Boulefreis ?
Popleto = Pledol = Ouled Fadel ?
8 to Thamugadi
5 [but should be 10] to Liviana

Ziviana
[ Perhaps should be Ziviana.]
Ziviana = Bou Zabene ?
Liviana = Ribia = Remila ??
Liviana = Boulefreis ??
5 [but should be 10] to Popleto
18 to Vico Aureli

​Adlali ??
Adlali = [Tell here, not a cemetery?]
Adlali = Hadjahi = Baghai ??
? to Lampsili
12 to Vico Aureli

Vico Aureli
[Perhaps it should be Vico Aurezi, after the Aures Mts.?? Unlikely.]
Caracalla = Khenchela
Caracalla = Aurelianus* = Vico Aureli
Vico* Aureli = Caesar* = Kais ??
* In 212 A.D., the Emperor Caracalla, famously also known as Aurelianus, enfranchised the entire Roman world, causing numerous Romans, including St. Augustine, to take the surname Aurelianus.
12 [should be 2] to Adlali
18 to Liviana
14 to Zyrnas Maseli

Zyrnas Maseli
Maseli = Mechta Mazoula
Maseli = Mazeruh = El Mezeraa ?
Maseli = Badzele = Bedjene ??
Zyrnas = Djhna = Bedjene ??
14 [should be 22] to Vico Aureli
10 to Ad Cahalis

Ad Cahalis
[Notice ruins and Tell (hill) here.]
Ad Cahalis = Mechta-Dekhakhene ?
Ad Cahalis = Ad'ahala = Dhalaa ?
Ad Cahalis = A Ca'alia = Mechta-Garbi-Akliya ?
10 to Zyrnas Maseli
6 to Ad Germani

Ad Germani
Γερμ(μ)ίανα
Germ(m)iana
Germ(m)iana (Ptolemy) = Ad Germani (Peutinger)
Germiana = Mechta Safel Bou Djerane
6 to Ad Cahalis
10 to Ruglata

Ruglata ??
Ruglata = Garh Rigerata = Guorriguer ??
Ruglata = El Ogla (18 miles SSW) ??
10 to Ad Germani
9 to Ad Mercurium

Lampsila ?
Lampsila = Ouled Sellem ?
Lampsila = Ouled Sellam (10 miles E) ?
Lampsila = Mesila = Mechta Mellah ?
Lampsila = Mesila = Meh-shira = Mechta Mennchar?
Lampsila = Sila = Shira = Douar Oulad Sahra ?
Lampsila = Sila = Tella ??
12 + 10 + 3 [should be 22 + 20 + 3] to Ad Biaham
? to Adlali

Thamugadi
Thamugadi = Thanhugut = Mechta Tanout ?
5 to Lambasudi
8 to Popleto

Lambasudi ?
Lambasudi = Lamhashuthe = Meshta-Lamashet
18 [should be 23] to Lambese
5 to Thamugadi

Popleto
Popleto = "Knee" in Latin
"Knee" = Rukba (ركبة)* = Rahbat
5 [but should be 10] to Liviana

Liviana
Liviana = Laouiana = (Ain/Chabet) Tinibaouine ?
5 [but should be 10] to Popleto
18 to Vico Aureli

Adlali
Adlali = Ardhlalou* = Mechta Rhlalouch
*This would involve the latin masculine genitive ending -I being replaced by the great masculine genitive ending, -OU.

Vico Aureli
Vico* Aureli = Baurayle = Douar* Bouraoula
Vico* Aurelianus = Bauhalinis = Ouled Bouhanef ?
* Means "Village" in Latin/Arabic.
12 [should be 2] to Adlali
18 to Liviana
14 to Zyrnas Maseli

Zyrnas Maseli
Zyrnas = Djerma = Mechta Tadjine
Zyrnas = Djerma
Maseli = Madseri = Meshtet-El'-Mader
Zyrnas = Syrina = Seriana ?
10 [should be 60] to Ad Cahalis

Ad Cahalis ?
Ad Cahalis = Khenchela
[These are the only sites for Cahalis and Ad Germani, for which the Peutinger distances work out.]
=== Other possibilities for Cahalis ===
Cahalis = Kais?
Cahalis = Chelia (City, Mountain, National Park) ?
Cahalis = Chir ?
Cahalis = Ouled Rechache ?
10 [should be 60] to Zyrnas Maseli
6 [should be 11] to Ad Germani

Ad Germani

Ad Germani
Γερμ(μ)ίανα
Germ(m)iana
Germ(m)iana (Ptolemy) = Ad Germani (Peutinger)
Ad Germani = Ain Djerboua ?
[These are the only sites for Cahalis and Ad Germani, for which the Peutinger distances work out.]
=== Other possibilities for Ad Germani ===
Germani = Djermane + Ichemoul* ?
Germani = Djouari ?
Germani = Djaarir ?
Germani = A[i]n El Gherab ?
* The famous German city of Eckmuhl.
6 [should be 11] to Ad Cahalis
20 to Ruglata

Ad Germani ?
Γερμ(μ)ίανα
Germ(m)iana
Germ(m)iana (Ptolemy) = Ad Germani (Peutinger)
Germ(m)iana = An El Gherab ?
Germ(m)iana = Djermane ??
Germ(m)iana = Ain Djerboua ?
Germ(m)iana = Stah Guentis ?
Germ(m)iana = Phrydgian = Fridjou ??
6 to Ad Cahalis
10 to Rouglata

Germ(m)iana = Mechta-Guern-Ahmar
Germ(m)iana = Meshta El-Djama ?
Germ(m)iana = El Hammaa ?
Germ(m)iana = Mechta Ouled Abd Era Rahmane ?
Germ(m)iana = Mechta Ouled Mahnia ?
Germ(m)iana = Ain Djerboua ?
10 to Rouglata

Ruglata ??
Ruglata = El Ogla
10 to Ad Germani

Ad Mercurium = Cheria
9 to Ruglata
16 to Ad Aquas Casaris

Ad Aquas Casaris
Ad Aquas Casaris = Alhamam (الحمام)* = Hammamet
* Means "Bathhouse" in Arabic
7 to Theueste

Theueste
Theueste = Tebessa
15 to Mova
7 to Ad Aquas Casaris
59 to Ubaha Castellu.

Basilicam to Theleote

Alternate Paths

Alternate Path

Ad Basilicam Diadumene

Ad Basilicam Diadumene
. . . Diadumene (Peutinger) = Duo Flumine (Peutinger) ??
Basilica = Bscila = Biskra
Diadumene = Djuhdine = Hai El Moudjahidines*
* Arabic term for guerrilla fighters.
? to Lambese
15 to Symmachi

Ad Basilicam Diadumene
. . . Diadumene (Peutinger) = Duo Flumine (Peutinger) ??
Thabudeos (Ptolemy) =
Thoubouna (Ptolemy) =
Diadumene (Peutinger)
* Arabic term for guerrilla fighters.
15 to Symmachi

Symmachi

Symmachi ?
Symmachi = Oumache ?
15 to Ad Basilicam Diadumene
8 to Ad Duo Flumine

Symmachi ?
Symmachi = Shumneche = M'Chouneche
15 to Ad Basilicam Diadumene
8 to Ad Duo Flumine

Ad Duo Flumine

Ad Duo Flumine
Ad Duo Flumine = "To Two Rivers"
. . . Diadumene (Peutinger) = Duo Flumine (Peutinger) ??
Ad Duo Flumine = [2 separate rivers converge here]
8 to Symmachi
8 to Ad Calceum Herculis

Ad Duo Flumine
Ad Duo Flumine = "To Two Rivers"
Ad Duo Flumine = Foum
8 to Ad Calceum Herculis

Ad Calceum Herculis
Ad Calceum Herculis = "To shoe of Hercules"
Ad Calceum Herculis = El Haouch
8 to Ad Duo Flumine

Ad Aquas Herculis

Ad Aquas Herculis
Ad Aquas Herculis = Ain* Nahgula = Ain Naga ?
* Means "A spring"
9 to Ad Calceum Herculis
6 [but should be 11] to Mesar Filia

Ad Aquas Herculis
Ad Aquas Herculis = [Ancient foundations here?]
[These foundations have the look of a Roman legion's camp. The bathhouse depicted on the Peutinger map, would probably be at the lake just west of this square, or the wetland 1 mile SSW. according to Peutinger distances along, the location would be somewhere about 3.4 miles SW (34.656672°, 6.199471°).]
6 to Mesar Filia

Mesar Filia
Mesar Filia = Meziraa
6 to ad Aquas Herculis
18 to Ad Piscinam (or perhaps Gemellas)*
* These 2 cities may've gotten switched, by the Peutinger map.

Gemellas ( Ad Piscinam ? )
Gemellas = Cemulla = Ichemoul ?
33 [but should be 23] to Ad Piscinam
24 [but should be 14] to Thabudeos

Ad Piscinam ?
Ad Piscinam = "Lake/Bath/Pool"
Ad Piscinam = El Hammam* ?
Ad Piscinam = Baniane** ?
* Bath in Arabic
* Toilet in Romane languages (e.g, Bagno, in Italian; baño in Spanish) ========================
18 to Mesar Filia
33 [but should be 23] to Gemini

Ad Piscinam ( Gemellas ? )
Ad Piscinam = "Lake" = Agelmim* = Djemina ?
Roumane = Roman
=== Possible Switch ===
Ptolemy may have gotten these 2 cities in reverse order, in which case, this location would be, not Ad Piscinam, but Gemellas:
Gemini = "Twins" = Djemina
Gemini = "Twins" = Gemellas*
Piscinam = "Lake" = Akken** = Chennaoura ?
Piscinam = "Lake" = Aqemmer** = Chennaoura ?
* For example, Gemelli is "twins" in Italian.
** Means "Lake," in Berber.
18 to Mesar Filia
33 [but should be 23] to Gemini

Gemellas ( Ad Piscinam ? )
Gemini = "Twins" in Latin
Gemini = Gemellas* = Kenerras = Channaoura ?
Gemini = Djeniene ?
Gemini = Taferguenit ??
[See also Djemina below:]
* For example, Gemelli is "twins" in Italian.
=== Possible Switch ===
Ptolemy may have gotten these 2 cities in reverse order, in which case this location would be, not Gemellas, but Ad Piscinam:
Piscinam = "Lake" = Akken* = Chennaoura ?
Piscinam = "Lake" = Aqemmer* = Chennaoura ?
Gemini = "Twins" = Djemina
Gemini = "Twins" = Gemellas
* Means "Lake," in Berber.
33 [but should be 23] to Ad Piscinam
24 to Thabudeos

Thabudeos

Thabudeos
Θούβουνα
Thoubouna
Thoubouna (Ptolemy) = Thabudeos (Peutinger)
Thoubouna = Bouhmama ?
Thoubouna = Yabous ?
Thoubouna = Boun-Thoub = Foum Toub ?
24 to Gemellas (or perhaps Ad Piscinam)*
25 to Vaccis
* These 2 cities may've gotten switched, by the Peutinger map.

Thabudeos
Θούβουνα
Thoubouna
Thoubouna (Ptolemy) = Thabudeos (Peutinger)
Thoubouna = Tadount ??
Thoubouna = Tamamait ??
Thabudeos = Taberdga ??
24 to Gemellas (or perhaps Ad Piscinam)*
* These 2 cities may've gotten switched, by the Peutinger map.

Badias
Πέπια (ἢ Παίπια)
Pepia (or Paipia)
P(e/ai)pia
P(e/ai)pia (Ptolemy) = Badias (Peutinger)
Badias = Babar ?
Paipia = Babar ?
=== Alternative possibilities ===
Badias = Tabenndout ?
Badias = Tebaga ??
23 to Thabudeos
25 to Ad Medias

Ad Medias
Ad Medias = "Middles" in Latin
Meson = "Middle" in Greek
Meson = El Mezerra*
* Note that the village seems to have moved 14 miles north to "El Mezeraa." However, that place could not be the correct location, as that would involve crossing another Peutinger route.
28 to Ad Maiores
43 [but should be 13] to Ubaha Castellu.
48 [but should be 28] to Ad Palmam
25 to Badias

Ad Maiores ?
Ad Maiores = "Greater" in Latin
"Great" = Magni = Magen Al-Qawasmiyah (ماجن القواسمية) ?
Maiores = Ogla Melha ?
28 to Ad Medias
43 [but should be 13] to Ubaha Castellu.

Ubaha Castellu.
Ubaha Castellu. = Ubaha Castellorum = "Ubaha of the castles/legionary-fortress"
Ubaha Castellu. = Al'Abadha = El Ma Labiodh
Ubaha Castellu. = Al'Abadha = El Houidjbet ?
42 [but should be 13] to Ad Maiores
59 [but should be 19] to Theueste

Ad Palmam
Ad Palmam = Pharinan = Firyanah
48 to Ad Maiores
? to Theleote col.

Alonianū ?
Alonianū. = Alonianorum
[Pin located atop a possible Tel.]
It seems that the village has since migrated 25 miles north to El Alaouinia.]
Alonianū = Louni = Dar L'ouni ?
Alonianū = Ahroh = Athreruh = Bir El Ater (20 miles WSW) ??
Alonianū = Al-Awansiyeh العوانسيية mosque* (38 miles E)
Alonianū = Bou Alem (40 miles ESE) ?
21 to Theleote Col.
20 [but should be about 40 or 50] to Cerva

Theleote col.
Theleote col. = Theleote colonia
Thala (Strabo) = Theleote col. (Peutinger) ?
Theleote = Thelepte
20 [but should be 30] to Ubaha Castellu.
? to Ad Palmam
21 to Alonianu.
20 Vico Gemellas

Vico Gemellas
Vico Gemellas = "Twins Village"
"Twins" = Akniw* = Ksar Sidi Aich ?
Vico Gemellas = Mellegue** = Zardet el Haj Bouallegue ???
Vico Gemellas = Eco Tawam (التوأم)*** = Ec Thawah = Chiri Ech Chaouar**** ??
* In Berber.
** A common Tunisian town-name.
*** Funerary site.
20 to Theleote Col.
24 to Capsa

Capsa
Ανοιγὰθ ἢ Ανυγάθ
An(u/oi)gath
Κάψα
Anugath (Ptolemy) = Capsa (Ptolemaic revision) ? = Capsa (Peutinger) ?
Capsa = Gafsa
Anugath = Ennuh + Gath = Ennour + Gafsa*
* Ancient Roman pools are here
[Note: Don't confuse this with identically-spelled Anugath (᾿Ανυγάθ), down in Southern Guinea.]
24 to Vico Gemellas
20 to Presidi Diolele
23 to Ueresvos
. . . , and thus filled all Libya with war; and then wars on wars broke out, and, last of all, the war that broke out between the deified Caesar and Scipio, in which even Juba was killed; and with the leaders the cities were wiped out too, I mean Tisiäus, Vaga, and Thala, as also Capsa, the treasure-hold of Jugurtha, and Zama, and Zincha [modern Zannouch, 14 miles East?], and those cities near which the deified Caesar defeated Scipio, first winning a victory over him near Ruspinum, and then near Uzita, and then near Thapsus and the lake near by, and the other cities. And near by also are Zella and Acholla, free cities. And Caesar captured at the first onset the island Cercinna, and Thena, a town on the coast. Of all these, some were utterly wiped out and the others left half-destroyed; but Phara was burned by Scipio's cavalry.

Presidi Diolele
Presidi Diolele = "Guard-station Diolele"
Diolele = Dio(c)hrera = Ed Doghra
Bouthouris = Berouari (38 miles NE) ??
20 [but should be 15] to Capsa
18 to Ad Pretorium

Ad Pretorium
Κάραρος ἢ Βάραρος
Cararos or Bararos
(C/B)araros (Ptolemy) = Ad Praetorium (Peutinger)
Ad Pretorium = "Military Headquarters"
"Headquarters" = Maqara (مقر)* = Qarah = Cararos ?
"Headquarters" = Maqara (مقر)* = Qarah = Umm Al Arais ?
"Headquarters" = Maqara (مقر)* = Muhareh = Moulares ?
* In Arabic.
18 to Presidi Diolele
23 to Cerva

Cerva
Cerva = "Female deer" in Latin
Cerva = Cerba = Ain El Karma ?
Cerva = Cerba = Ain El Karma = Gdima (3 miles N) ?
"Deer" = Alghizlan (الغزلان)** = Ghizah = Tamaghza ?
"Deer" = Alghizlan (الغزلان)** = Ghizah = Tamaghza = Tamaqzah ?
"Deer" = Alghizlan (الغزلان)** = Ghizah = Tamaghza = Tamerza ?
=== Cities 4 miles S ===
Cerva = Chebica* = As-Sabikah ?
Cerva = Gehwa = Seguia Roman Way ??
* Official name of the Historic Village here.
** In Arabic
23 to Ad Pretorium
20 [but should be about 40 or 50] to Alonianu
33 to Ad Turres

Ad Turres
Thasart(h)e (Peutinger) = Ad Turres (Peutinger) ?
[This is definitely Thasart(h)e, but whether it is Ad Turres is doubtful.]
Turres = Tozeur
Thasart(h)e = Tozeur ?
Turres = Taleb Larbi (33 miles W) ??
=== Thasart(h)e ===
19 [but should be 29] to Ueresvos
12 [but should be 102] to Silesua
=== Ad Turres ===
33 to Cerva
18 to Speculum

Speculum ?
Speculi = Becuri = Bechri ?
Speculum = Souk Lahad ??
18 [but should be 38] to Ad Turres
15 to Thiges

Thiges ?
Thiges = Hidgess = Ebhess = Ebness ?
15 to Speculum
25 to Thusurus

Thusurus
Thusurus = Phruhur = El Frouar ?
Thusurus = Dhuz = Douz ??
Thusurus = Thasarte = Turres (All Peutinger) ??
25 [but probably should be 15] to Thiges
30 to Aggar Selnepte

river

Aggar Selnepte ??
Aggar = "mound" in Latin, either in a road or fort
Ksar = "Fort" in Arabic
Selnepte = Sheleneh = Jilena = Ghilane ?
Aggar Selnepte (Peutinger) = Sulhupta = Afasluperia (Peutinger) ??
30 to Thusurus
115* [perhaps should be 25?] to Aggarsel
** In this area, speeds, and corresponding listed Peutinger distances, seem to be half of what they normally would be, owing to rough ground.

Agarsel ?
Agarsel = Gahzeul = Ben Gazial ?
Agarsel = Gahrseh = Ghahrassen = Ghomrassen ?
Agarsel = Garhsa = Gharhasa = Ghermassa ?
115* [perhaps should be 25?] to Aggar Selnepte
14 to Puteo
* In this area, speeds, and corresponding listed Peutinger distances, seem to be half of what they normally would be, owing to rough ground.

Puteo ?
Puteo = "A Well" or "I stink" in Latin
Buhayra (بحيرة) = "Lake" in Arabic
Stagnant Pool = Puteo ?
Stagnant Pool = Buhayra = Beharya ?
14 to Agarsel
? to Tinhimedo
6 [but should be 45 (really 22)*] to Mahatanhur
* In this area, speeds, and corresponding listed Peutinger distances, seem to be half of what they normally would be, owing to rough ground.

Tinhunedo
Tinhunedo = Ten'nuneh = Tounine ?
? to Puteo

Mahatanhur
Mahatanhur = Mahata = Mahmata = Matmata(t-Al-Qadimal)
Mahatanhur = Mahata = Sidi Meta
Mahatanhur = Hata = Hathza = Haphsa = Al Hafsa(h)
7 to Puteo
6** to Timehegeri
** In this area, speeds, and corresponding listed Peutinger distances, seem to be half of what they normally would be, owing to rough ground.

Timehegeri Turris ?
Timehegeri Turris = "Timehegeri tower"
Timehegeri = Zhegerina = Zagrarine el Khalia
Turris = Qalea (قلعة)* = Zagrarine el Khalia
Timehegeri = Tizme-Hedjeh = Tijma + Haddej
* Arabic for "Castle"
6** to Mahatanhur
10** to Avibus
** In this area, speeds, and corresponding listed Peutinger distances, seem to be half of what they normally would be, owing to rough ground.

Silesua

Silesua
Silesua = Site Antique de Jebel Zeraoua
Silesua = Zirehwa = Zraoua*
* Sites from here, up to 7 miles NW.
12 to Thasarte
18* to Avibus
* In this area, speeds, and corresponding listed Peutinger distances, seem to be half of what they normally would be, owing to rough ground.

Silesua ?
Silesua = Zahretha = (Henchir*) Z(o/a)grata* ?
Silesua = Chileth = Ghiluph = Ben Ghilouf ??
Silesua = 'Ayn Umm al Aoussam ??
* Henchir means "farm with ruins" in Arabic.
[This location is unlikely because the 2 bearings from here, to (1) Ad Aquas and (2) Avibus, would make the (1) depicted northern (but owing to the 90-degree-clockwise twisting of the coast, now Eastern) route to Ad Aquas be incorrectly South (i.e, now West) of (2) the route to Avibus.]
12 to Thasarte
18* to Avibus

Silesua ??

Ad Aquas
[Bathhouse drawn here]
Ad Aquas = Hamaam (حمام)* = Al-Hammah
* Means "Bathhouse" in Arabic.
19 to Silesua
16 to Tacape Col.

Avibus

Avibus ?
Ornithos* = "birds" = Avibus** ?
Ornithos = Oudref ?
* Ancient Greek
** Latin
[This location is unlikely because the 2 bearings from Silesua, north of here, to (1) Ad Aquas and (2) here, would make the (1) depicted northern (but owing to the 90-degree-clockwise twisting of the coast, now depicted Eastern) route to Ad Aquas be incorrectly South (i.e, now West) of (2) the route from that Silesua to here.]
18 to Silesua
10 to Timehegeri
19 to Tacape Col.

Avibus ?
Avibus = Haviwuh = Dhouiouhr = Douiouira ?
Avibus = Haviwuh = Dzhouawuh = Zraoua Nouvelle ?
18* to Silesua
10* to Timehegeri
19 to Tacape Col.

Desert Spur

Asaflupeia / Afaslupeia (?)
Aggar Selnepte (Peutinger) = Sulhupta = Afasluperia (Peutinger) ??
Asaflupeia = Elpeah = Cite Elbber ?
Asaflupeia = Dzaphuhba = Debouba Beni Barka ?
26 [should be 31] to Martae
5 to Augarmi

Augarmi ?
Augarmi = Ksar Daghara ?
Augarmi = Daghaghah ?
5 to Asaflupeia
25 to Ausere Fl. [Fluvius = "river"]

Ausere river
Ausere river = Fessa river*
* On 1787 Rumsey Historical map

Putea
Putea = "Well" in Latin
"Well" = Bir (بئر) in Arabic

Laminis
Laminis = Ramideh = Remada ?

Veri

Veri ?
Veri = "Truth" in Latin
"Truth" = Haqiqun (حقيقي)* = Shakshuk ??

Veri ?
Veri = Waled ?

Martae

Martae ?
Martae = Al Matamir / Metameur ?
Martae = Medinine ?
26 [should be 31] to Asaflupeia

Martae ?
Martae = Mareth ?
26 to Asaflupeia *
* But it is way farther, 50, and this cannot be explained by mere typo, which means that this site is unlikely.

Ueresvos

Ueresvos
*Βουθουρὶς ἢ Βούθουρος
Bouthour(o/i)s = Bos ("Ox" in Greek) + Turris ("tower" in Latin) ?
Bouthouros (Ptolemy) = Uheros = Ueres-wos = Ueresvos* (Peutinger)
* Note that Latin V- is pronounced /OO-wuh/, with the initial /OO/ (as in the English word "tune" or "soon" ) only occurring at the beginning of words, so this would be pronounced like /OOerezwos/.
Bouthourua = H'Rudhayrba = Rudayiba = Al-Rudayyif ?
/Uerezwa/ = H'Rehd'hewa = Red'haibh = Al-Rudayyif ?
Bouthouris = Bortal Fakher (2.5 miles SSE) ?
Bouthouris = Bouhlel Sdada ?
Bouthouris = El Borj ?*
Bouthouris = Bordj Gourbala ?*
Bouthouris = Tozeur ??
* Means "tower" in Arabic.
23 [but should be 33] to Capsa
19 [but should be 29] to Thasart(h)e

Ueresvos
Ueresvos = /OOerezwos/* (Peutinger)
* Note that Latin V- is pronounced /OO-wuh/, with the initial /OO/ (as in the English word "tune" or "soon" ) only occurring at the beginning of words, so this would be pronounced like /OOerezwos/.
Ueresvos = Her-desuh = Ta Phertesuh = Tafertast ?
Ueresuos = Alhashuh = Aldhathaur (الذأطور)* ??
* Means "Lion" in Arabic. Unlikely, unless the Arabic and invaders heard the local light name, and (un) intentionally renamed the city a similar word, in their own language.
23 [but maybe should be 31] to Capsa
19 [but should be 29] to Thasart(h)e

Ueresvos = /OOerezwos/* (Peutinger)
* Note that Latin V- is pronounced /OO-wuh/, with the initial /OO/ (as in the English word "tune" or "soon" ) only occurring at the beginning of words, so this would be pronounced like /OOerezwos/.
Ueresvos = Hallashwis = Mashwi Alloush (مشوي علوش) ??
Ueresvos = Oehesha = El Aayaycha ?
23 [but maybe should be 31] to Capsa
19 [but should be 29] to Thasart(h)e

Thasart(h)e

Thasart(h)e
Thasart(h)e (Peutinger) = Ad Turres (Peutinger) ?
Turres = Thasarte = Thusurus (All Peutinger) ??
[This could be Thasart(h)e, and whether it is Ad Turres is also doubtful; it probably isn't Thusurus, since Thusurus is in correct constellation with Thiges & Speculum, which are certain.]
Turres = Tozeur
Thasart(h)e = Tozeur
=== Thasart(h)e ===
19 [but should be 29] to Ueresvos
12 [but should be 102] to Silesua
=== Ad Turres ===
33 to Cerva
18 to Speculum

Thasart(h)e ?
Thasart(h)e = Bashar*-ita = Belkhir ??
* Means beautiful in Arabic
Thasart(h)e = Zaouiet Sidi Mansour ??
=== Thasart(h)e ===
19 [but maybe should be 9] to Ueresvos
12 [but maybe should be 22] to Silesua

3 mile radius

Libya

Path 1

Path 2

Putea Pallene ??
Putea Pallene = "Athenian/Marshy Wells"
Putea Pallene = Wells of Balhane = Wells of Bahiret [Bay] el Bibane ?
Pallene = Harrene = Ben Gardane ??
15 [but should be 20] to Ziha Municipium
18 to Presidio

Presidio
Presidio = "Guard station"
"Guard Station" = Tasirt* = Hazdirh = Ra's Ajdir / Ras Ejdir ?
"Guard Station" = Mahatat (محطة)** = Al-Atl (العتل) ?
"Guard Station" = Mahatat (محطة)** = Abu Kammash ?
** In Arabic
18 to Putea Pallene
15 [but should be 20] to Pisida Municipium

Pisida Municipium
Πισιδὼν ἢ Πισινδών λιμήν
Πισίνδα
Pisi(n)don Limen (Ptolemy) = Pisinda (Ptolemaic revision) = Pisida Municipium (Peutinger)
Pisinda (Ptolemy) = Pisida Municipium (Peutinger)
Pisida = Ph'Zildeh = Zelten ?
15 [but should be 20] to Presidio
20 to Cypsaria Taberna

Cypsaria Taberna
Cypsaria Taberna = "Cypsaria Tavern"
Cypsaria = Psariach = Al Fareikh (الفريخ) ?
20 to Pisida Municipium
17 to Amonem

Amonem

Amonem
Amonem = Al Noheh = Al-Nahda (النهضة) ?

Amonem ?
Amonem = Yumuh = Juma ?
Amonem = [the high ground 2.6 miles SSW] ?
17 to Cypsaria Taberna
16 to Sabrata

​Sabrata
Σαβάθρα
Σαβράτα
Sabathra (Ptolemy) = Sabrata (Ptolemaic revision) = Sabrata (Peutinger)
Sabrata = Sabratah
16 to Amonem
27 to 🏘
16 to Pontos

Pontos ?
Pontos = "Ocean" in Greek
"Ocean" = Marssa Della ??
16 to Sabrata
13 to Assaria

Assaria
Assaria = Al-Zahra
Assaria = Az-Zawiyah ?
Assaria = es-Sabria ?
Assaria = An Nasiriyah ?
13 to Pontos
20 to Osa Colonia

🏘 = Casa* = Kasarat ?
* Latin for "house"
27 to Sabrata
18 [but should probably be 28] to Osa Col.

Osa Colonia
Εῶα
Eooa
Eooa (Ptolemy) = Osa Colonia (Peutinger)
Osa = Tripoli
Osa = Hohzuh = Ben Ashour ?
Osa = Hohzuh = (Bab Ben) Ghashir ?
Osa = Hohzuh = Al Ghashi ?
Osa = Hohzuh = Janzur ?
Osa Col. = Cor. Osa = Qarquouzah (22 miles WSW) ?
20 to ASsaria
18 to 🏘
16 to Flacci Taberna
12 to Turris

Inland loop

Flacci Taberna

Flacci Taberna ?
Flacci Taberna = "Flaccus' tavern"
Flacci = Hacchi = Qaser Bin Ghashir ?
16 to Osa Col.
20 [but should be 30] to Cercar

Flacci Taberna
Flacci Taberna = Flah Mahala* = Fam Molga ?
* Mahala (محل) means "Store" in Arabic
16 to Osa Col.
20 to Cercar

Cercar
Cercar = Ain* Sharshara
Cercar = Sehrqel = Mazra'at Saqil ?
Cercar = Tcharchah = Tarhunah ??
* Means "Spring of water" in Arabic
20 to Flacci Taberna
15 to Subuttu

Subututtu

Subututtu
Subututtu = Dsuwuh = Gasr el Dauun ?
15 to Cercar
25 to Leptimagna

Turris ad Algam.
Turris ad Algam. = Turris ad Algamidiya
Turris = "Tower"* = Lighthouse = Al-Manara (المنارة)**
Algamidiya = Al Hamidiya (city)
* In Latin
** In Arabic
Turris ad Algamidiya = Al-Manara + Al Hamidiya
12 to Osa Col.
15 [but should be 5] to Getullu

Getullu

Getullu ?
Getullu. = Getullorum = "Of the Getulli"
Getullu = Taourruh = Tajoura ??
15 [but should be 5] to Turris ad Algam.
24 to Quintiliana

Getullu ?
Getullu. = Getullorum = "Of the Getulli"
Getullu = Castello = Castelverde ??
15 [but should be 20] to Turris ad Algam.
24 to Quintiliana

Quintiliana ?
Quintiliana = "5th" or "Quintillian's"*
Quarta = "4th"*
"5th" = Alkhamis (الخامس)**
* In Latin ** In Arabic
Quintiliana = Qanhariyan = Bi'r al ' Amariyin ?
=== Cities with Latin Ordinal placenames ===
Note that the Latin placename "4th" is located 17 miles SSW, at Al Khadra', and 10 miles SE at Alakaareth/Alqrarth Mesallath.
More significantly, the Latin placename "5th" is strangely located 25 miles east, at Leptis Magna:
"5th" = Alkhamis = Khoms (2 cities)
"5th" = Qabilat al Khums
"5th" = "Family Fund Park / five"
24 to Getullu.
14 to Ad Palmam

Ad Palmam
Ad Palmam = Nakhl (نخل)* = Funduq an Naqqazah ?
14 to Quintiliana
12 to Leptimagna

Leptimagna Col.
Νεάπολις ἡ καὶ Λέπτις μεγάλη
Neapolis he kai Leptis megale
Neapolis or also Great Leptis
Neapolis or also Great Leptis (Ptolemy) = Leptimagna Col. (Peutinger)
Leptis = Labath = Leptis Magna
12 to Ad Palmam
25 to Subututtu
20 or 30 to Sugolin [but should be Hiuirgitab*]
* It seems that both Hiuirgitab, with its distance depicted west of it (15); . . . and Sugolin, with its distance depicted west of it (20-changed-to-30); . . . were wrongly switched on the Peutinger map. See Hiuirgitab pin for full discussion.

Sugolin ?
Sugolin = Sughorin = Al Ghiran ?
Sugolin = Zuloghin = Zliten (31 miles WSW) ?
Sugolin = Saquh = Qabilat As Saqu' (21 miles W) ?
15 [but should be 20*] to Sugolin [but should be Huirgitab*]
15 to Virga
15 [but should be 5] to Simnana
* It seems that both Hiuirgitab, with its distance depicted west of it (15); . . . and Sugolin, with its distance depicted west of it (20-changed-to-30); . . . were wrongly switched on the Peutinger map. See Hiuirgitab pin for full discussion.

Hiuirgitab ?
Hiuirgitab = Aburjida = Abojreeda ?
Hiuirgitab = Aburjida = Hi* Algoy Lat (حي ألغوي لأت ) ?
Hiuirgitab = Aburj = Buhz = Bazh ?
Hiuirgitab = Al Hirchm (10 ) ?
Hiuirgitab = Hi*-Adlah (حي عاذلة ) ?
* Hi means "neighborhood" in Arabic.
20 or 30 [Nope**] to Leptimagna Col.
15 to Hiuirgitab [Nope**]
** It seems that both Hiuirgitab, with its distance depicted west of it (15); . . . and Sugolin, with its distance depicted west of it (20-changed-to-30); . . . were wrongly switched on the Peutinger map. Both distances shown here are therefore entirely incorrect, and irrelevant: The correct distance east of this marker should be that 20 changed to 30 above, and the correct distance west of the marker should be 15, although in this case the "V" is miscopied, and it should be an "X", making it 20. Regarding the 20-changed-to-30, the unusual extra X, above the other Xs, not in line with them, suggests that the Peutinger map's editors were aware that something was wrong here, and this results from first thinking that there should be 20 miles East of Leptimagna, and then a later editor, thinking, from the other direction, that there should be 30 miles West of Sugolin.

Simnana
Simnana = Tamina
15 [but should be 5] to Hiuirgitab [but should be Sugolin*]
22 to Tubactis Mun.
* It seems that Hiuirgitab and Sugolin were wrongly switched on the Peutinger map. See Hiuirgitab pin for full discussion.

Virga
Virga = "Staff/Scepter"
Virga = Tawergha (Springs) ?
Virga = Tsawehgdhah = Qaryat As Sawadiq ?
"Staff/Scepter" = Easan (عصا)*= Headza = Gioda ?
Virga = Hirhah = Al Ghiran ?
15 to Hiuirgitab [but should be Sugolin*]
10 to Tubactis Mun.
* It seems that Hiuirgitab and Sugolin were wrongly switched on the Peutinger map. See Hiuirgitab pin for full discussion.

Tubactis Mun.
Tubactis Mun. = Tubactis Municipium
Tubactis = Thawbat (ثعبة ثعبأ)
Tubactis = Tawaghis = Tawergha ?
Tubactis = Tawaghis = Tsawagdhich = Qaryat As Sawadiq ?
22 to Simnana
10 to Virga
25 to Casa Rimoniana

Casa Rimoniana
Casa Rimoniana = "Rimonian House"
Casa = Chashah = Al Hayshah ?
25 to Tubactis Mun.
25 to Ad Cisternas

Ad Cisternas
Ad Cisternas = "To the cisterns"
Cisternas = Sihrij (صهريج)* = Sirte ?
Cisternas = Sitehha = Sirte ?
* Means "Cistern" in Arabic
25 to Casa Rimoniana
35 to Dissio Aqua Amara
15 to Halab

Halab ?
Halab = Hurawa = Abu Hurairah ?
=== Other possibilities, 50-75 miles W ===
Halab = Haluphila = Sidi Hulfulla*
Halab = Nalabh = Bu'r Marah ?
Halab = Chahab = Qabaib = Al Qubayba ?
Halab = H'Chalah = Nakla ?
* On 1842 Rumsey Historical map
15 to Ad Cisternas
25 to Diffio Aqua Amara

Dissio Aqua Amara
Aqua= "water" in Latin
Amara = "Bitter" in Latin & Arabic
Amara = Narah = Mintaqat Wadi Harawah
25 to Halab
35 to Ad Cisternas
30 [but should be 40] to Mufula
30 to Chosol

Mufula
Mufula = Nofallya / An Nawfaliyah
30 [but should be 40] to Dissio Aqua Amara
25 [but should be 35] to Ad Ficum

Chosol
Chosol = Khohdsul = Umm Al-Qandil ( ام القنديل) ?
30 to Dissio Aqua Amara
35 [but should be 40] to Ad Ficum

Fl. Be.
Fl. Be. = Fluvius Be.
Fluvius Be. = Wadi Matratin

Ad Ficum

Ad Ficum ?
Ficum = "Fig" in Latin
Ad Ficum = Khohdsul = Al-Qandil ?
"Fig" = Tin* = Wadi Matratin ??
[Shown on the Peutinger map to be just east of the above-named river.]
35 to Chosol
25 [but should be 35] to Mufula
18 to Pretorium

Ad Ficum ?
Ad Ficum = Biar Almasyafiq ?
Ad Ficum = Tin* = As Sultan (17 miles W) ?
* Means "Fig" in Arabic
35 to Chosol
18 to Pretorium

Pretorium ??
Pretorium = "Headquarters" in Latin
[Sheer guess, based on Peutinger map distances, and the rectangular footprint here of the approximate 1-square-mile-size of a Roman legionary camp.]
18 to Ficum
28 to Putea Nig(u).

Putea Nig(u).
Putea Nig(u)*. = Putea Nigrorum. = "Black Wells", in Latin
* The "u" is where an editor attempted to make this word apply to an imaginary ethnic group, whereas the original intent was for it to apply to the color of the salt-lakes here.
Putea Nig(u). = [Black Sulfurous Saline depressions south of here?**]
** Note that the giant black salt-basin 20 miles SSE of here, Bir al Akhariyah, is actually named a "Bir," or "Well," so the use of the Latin "Putea" for "wells" certainly applies to these morasses.
28 to Pretorium
13 to Macomadase Lou

Torrche river
Torrche river = Fluvius Be.
Be. = Marsa Brega ??

Macomadase
Μακόμαδα (ή Καλουμάκουμα) κώμη
Macomada (or Caloumacrouma) village
Macomada (Ptolemy) = Macomadase (Peutinger)
Caloumacrouma = Cayluh = Al Uqaylah
13 to Putea Nig(u).
13 to Zure

Zure
Zure = Shur = Qaryat Bashir* ?
* Note: Bashir means "Evangelist" in Arabic
13 to Macomadase
13 [but should be 42] to Ad Speluncas Scinaloe

Ad Speluncas Scinaloe
Ad Speluncas Scinaloe = "To the Scinaloe Caves"
[Scinaloe might be either the name of the caves at Ajdabiya, 12 miles, inland; or here at the coastal turnoff-point leading to there.]
"Cave" = Kahif (كهف)* = Cha'aph = Sha'abia** = Ajdabiya***
Scinaloe = Saunnu (42 miles NE of Ajdabiya) ??
** Sha'abia is a suburb of Ajdabiya. The "Caves" could refer to the cisterns and waterpits mentioned in Wikipedia, below.
=== Alternative Ptolemaic etymology for Ajdabiya ===
Aspis = "Shield" (Greek) or "Snake" (Latin)
Aspis = Azhubuh = Ajdabiya ?
Aspis = Adzubuh = Aldidhan ?
"Snake" = Thueban (ثعبان)* = Az Thubiah = Ajdabiya ??
13 [but should be 42] to Zure
13 to Iudeoy augri aulahon
=== Wikipedia on Ajdabiya ===
In the 12th century, the Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi . . . wrote in his treatise Nuzhat al-Mushtaq (published in Europe as De geographia universali): . . . 'There is no running water either in Ajdabiya or in Barqa, and the people get their water from cisterns and water-pits (sawani), . . .' "

Iudeoy
Iudeoy = "Jews" ??
[Note that these 3 cities--"Iudeoy augri aulahon"--are given as 1, with no intervening distances listed between them.]
Iudeoy = Jew-atina = Az-Zuwaytinah ?
Iudeoy = Ajdabiya ?
13 Ad Speluncas Scinaloe

Augri
Ηρακλέους πύργος
Hracleous Purgos
Herakles' tower / castle / lighthouse
=== Hracleous Purgos ===
Hracleous (Ptolemy) = Ar Agri = Augri (Peutinger)
H[e]racleous = Bharakluh = Carcura
[It would be logical to search for a lighthouse foundation here.]
=== Alternative possibility 22 miles N ===
H[e]racleous = Bharakluh = Qaryat Al Barakat ??
Hracleous = Ar Gldedous = Al Ghaddarah (ء بو الصفن) ???
=== Augri ===
Augures = augri = "Augurs" * ??
* This might suggest that, rather than a lighthouse, the tower was a religious divination tower, such as described in numerous middle eastern cultures, by Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich (e.g, here, here, here, & here.).
[Note that these 3 cities--"Iudeoy augri aulahon"--are given as 1, with no intervening distances listed between them.]
augri = Aurcure = Carcura
ad augrum** = Al Maqurun
** Accusative form. (This would therefore be the turnoff, literally, "to augri.")
13 Ad Speluncas Scinaloe

Aulahon​
=== Name may be connected to Ptolemy's "Hypsaloi Hormos," on the coast: ===
Υψηλοι = Hypseloi = Towering* ?
Υψ’Aυλόι = Hypsaloi = "Low flutes" ?
Hypsaloi = "Beneath the Seli tribe" ** ?
* But nothing is towering here, in this flatland.
** See Peutinger map's "Digidida Municipium Selorum" pin, 50 miles N.
Aulahon = Hulimun = Albidhan ?
Aulahon = Om Thaulah = Antlat ?
Aulahon = Hulimun = Zawiyat at Tilimun (54 miles NW) ?
Aulahon = Hulahtuh = Madrasat Thalath (21 miles NNE) ?
Aulahon = Ha'uhlnuh = Saunnu (25 miles NE) ??
[Note that these 3 cities--"Iudeoy augri aulahon"--are given as 1, with no intervening distances listed between them.]
13 Ad Speluncas Scinaloe

ad palmam ?
ad palmam = "to the palm tree"
ad palmam = Nakhl (نخل)* = Qaryat Abu al Asnash ?
ad palmam = Nakhl (نخل)* = "Al Nakheel Beach Village" (10 miles N) ?
ad palmam = Tazdayt** = At Taribjah ??
** In Berber
20 to Iuderoy augri aulahon
17 [but should be 22] to ad Capsum Ultimum

Digidida Municipium Selorum
"Digidida city of the Seli"
Seli = Tsilih = Zawayat at Tilimun
Seli = Tsilih = Sulich = Suluq
Seli = Tsilih = Shulish = Furti ash Shalizinah
Digidida = Chadidah = Al Qadhadhimah
Digidida = Ghadina *= Al Ghaddarah ?
Digidida = Ghadina *= Jardinah ?
Digidida = Bohdema ?
Digidida = Behga'dzita = Benghazi ?
Digidida = Benggah* = Baninah ?
* The Greek letter digamma is written "-GG-" but pronounced /NG/ .
12 to Zagahaeria
? To Tagulis

Zagahaeria ?
Zagahaeria = Agadhaerah = Al Ghaddarah ?
Zagahaeria = Tsaga = Taykah ?
Zagahaeria = Tsaga = Taykah / Tikah ?
=== Benghazi suburbs alternative ===
Zagahaeria = Haeri = Al Hawary ?
Zagahaeria = Phaeriah = Fuwayha ?
Zagahaeria = Phaeriaht = Fwayhat ?
Zagahaeria = Phaeriaht = Al Fuwayhat ?

Psidio

Psidio ?
Psidio *= "means "meadow"" ??
=== Meadow alternative ===
"Meadow"              = Jardinah ?
Psidia = Zahdina = Jardinah ?
Psidia = Bushedah = Hamad Boukhadra rest house (4 miles N) ?
"Meadow"              = Jardinah = Al Ghaddarah ??
=== Benghazi suburbs alternative ===
Psidia = Businnia = Baninah ??
Psidia = Physheidhah = Buwaidhat = Al Fuwayhat ?
Psidia = Physheidhah = Buwaidhat = Fwayhat ?
Psidia = Physheidha = Buwaidha = Fuwayha ?
Psidio = Haeri = Al Hawary ?
20 to Turrem
12 to Digidida Municipium Selorum

Psidio ?
Psidio *= "means "meadow"" ??
Psidio = Businnia = Baninah ??
=== Meadow alternative ===
"Meadow" = Jardinah ?
"Meadow" = Jardinah = Al Ghaddarah ??
=== Benghazi suburbs alternative ===
Psidio = Physheidhah = Buwaidhat = Al Fuwayhat ?
Psidio = Physheidhah = Buwaidhat = Fwayhat ?
Psidio = Physheidha = Buwaidha = Fuwayha ?
Psidio = Haeri = Al Hawary ?
20 to Turrem
12 to Digidida Municipium Selorum

ad Turrem
Πύργος Εὐφράντα
Pyrgos Euphranta = "Well-said tower/lighthouse"
Euhesperides = "Good west[ward port]"
=== Possible Greek Improvisations of how to say "Hespera" ===
"Hespera" = Euhesperides ?
"Hespera" = Euphranta ?
"Hespera" = Oisporis ?
[This location is probably Ad Turrem, but whether it is also Pyrgos Euphranta, is doubtful, as that tower could be 4, 9, or 37 miles further south. ]
Pyrgos* (Ptolemy) = "tower" = Turris** (Peutinger) ?
+
* In Greek
** In Latin.
"Lighthouse" = Manaratan (منارة)* = Al Mressa (here)
Euhesperides = Bene-hesperi = Ben-gheseri = Benghazi ?
Euhesperides = Euphranta = Benedicti** = Benedjissi = Benghazi ?
Turris = Tirih Trih (5.5 miles SSW)
Turris = Turrishia = At Taribjah (5 miles S) ??
Turris = Turlih = Trilatte (9 miles S) ??
12 to Ad Capsum Ultimum
[Together with Zagahaeria] 20 to Psidio

Ad Capsum Ultimum
Βερενίκη ἡ καὶ Ἑσπερίδες
Berenice he kai Hesperides
Berenice or also the Hesperides
Κεφαλαὶ ἄκρον
Kephalai Acron
Kephalai Promontory = "Heads" Promontory
Ὑπὸ δὲ τὸν τῶν Ἑσπερίδων Κῆπόν εἰσιν αἱ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους Θίνες τὰ ὄρη
Hypo de ton ton Hesperidon Cepon eisin hai tou Heracleous Thines ta Hore.
But beneath the Cepos of the Hesperidies are the mountains, [called] the "Shores of Hercules"
Berenice / Hesperides (Ptolemy) =
= Hesperidon Cepon (Ptolemy) =
= Kephalai Promontory (Ptolemy) =
= Ad Capsum Ultimum (Peutinger)
Ad Capsum Ultimum = "to the end of the cape"
Berenice = Al-Berka
Berenice = Benghazi* ?
Capsi = Gaphzi = Benghazi* ?
* But Benghazi is more likely derived thus:
Ὄρη Βάσκισα = Baskisa Mts. (200 miles ESE) = Bahciza = B(i/e)nghazi Region
17 to ad Palmam
12 to ad Turrem
=== Multiple Ptolemaic Names ===
The entire West Coast from here South, is covered by multiple overlapping sequences within Ptolemy, each having wildly different coordinate-systems, a whole 3 Longitude lines off:
Even though it is listed out of order, yet Kephalai Acron's coordinates place it near the end of the technically African portion of Ptolemy, whose editor did't realize that this West coast isn't any longer pointing North. (Hence, these cities' Ptolemaic longitudes continue to change, instead of their latitudes.)
"Berenice or also the Hesperides" falls within the Ptolemaic province of Cyrene, particularly its "Pentapolis" sequence, which goes from here northeastward.
The Cepos of the Hesperidies is just mentioned, as a reference-point, in the list of Cyrenian landforms, and no coordinate system is used.
As a result of this, other cities have multiple names too, particularly the 2 lighthouses, the 2 other capes, 12 & 5 miles respectively, on either side of this cape. ===========================

Turris
Φάραξ (ἢ Φάραξα) κώμη
Pharax(a) Village
[Probably located here based on Peutinger distances, Ptolemaic coordinates, and derived placenames; however, this location could be located instead on the Peninsula 3.4 miles SSW, where an old map shows a "faro" (lighthouse).]
Pharax(a) / Pharugx = "Chasm" in Greek.
Pharax(a) / Pharugx = Pharos = "Lighthouse" in Greek,
Turris = "tower [/ lighthouse?]"
"Lighthouse" = Manaratan (منارة)* = Munchar = Al Maqarin ?
"Lighthouse" = Manaratan (منارة)* = Munchar = Duran Ras El Minqar Island (المنقار) ?
Turrem* = Turran = Duran Ras El Minqar Island (المنقار) ?
* Accusative form of Turris.
? to [crossroads or Zagahaeria]
6 to Tagulis

Taberna
Taberna = "Store / Tavern"
[Note that these 2 cities, "Turris / Taberna" are listed as 1, with no intervening distances given.]
Taberna = Habene = Nabni = Al Mabni ?
Taberna = Ta Darina = Daryanah (13 miles SW) ??
Taberna = Tabalino (37 miles SW) ??
? to [crossroads or Zagahaeria]
6 to Tagulis

Tagulis
Αρσινόη ἡ καὶ Τεύχειρα
Arsinoe or also Teucheira
Arsinoe/Teucheira (Ptolemy) = Tauchira (Peutinger) = Tagulis (Peutinger)
In the above statement, it is certain that Ptolemaic Arsinoe/Teucheira is the Peutinger map's Tauchira, but whether these are Tagulis is doubtful.
=== Major Lake Maerotis Map-Section Erroneously Transposed ===
Note a major insertion into the Peutinger map: All cities between--maybe Corniclanu, but--certainly Phenica and Hadrianopolis, including the depicted spiral/curlicue inland sea, are not supposed to be here, but actually belong at the western edge of the Nile Delta, as Lake Maerotis (See larger version of map below):
This is confirmed by the Peutinger map cities within this excisement, actually being found in the Nile Delta, not in Cyrene.
Additionally, at the northeastern end of that excisement, strangely, the Peutinger map errs, and shows the 25-mile-long segment of road emergency east from here (Tauchira) as wrongly going to Hadrianopol[is], Egypt rather than to Ptolemais/Ptolemaide, which is in fact right next to here on the Cyrenian coast. This 25-mile-segmentthen ends at the wrong city, because, as is evident from the pin here, Tauchira isn't in that excised sequence of Lake Maerotis cities, but rather in this correct Cyrenian sequence.
=== Tauchira ===
? [but should be 25] to Ptolemaide
=== Tagulis ===
Tocra = Teucheira
Tocra = Tugula = Tagulis
Tagulis = Tansulukh ?
6 to Turris / Taberna
? to Digididaa Municipium Selorum
30 [but should be 20] to Araphilenoy

Araphilenoy
=== Ptolemy: ===
Ἡ Κυρηναϊκὴ ἐπαρχία περιορίζεται ἀπὸ μὲν δυσμῶν τῇ τε Σύρτει τῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ τῇ ᾿Αφρικῇ κατὰ τὴν ἀπὸ Φιλαίνου βωμῶν γραμμὴν πρὸς μεσημβρίαν μέχρι πέρατος, οὗ ἡ θέσις ἐπέχει μοίρας 46.75, 29 μέχρι 47, 25.
He Cyrenaice eparchia periorizetai apo men dysmon te te Syrtei te Magalea kai te Aphrice kata ten apo Philainou bomon grammen pros mesembriana mechri peratos, hou he thesis epechei moiras 46.75, 29 machria 47,25.
The Cyrenaic Eparchy is defined, firstly on the west, indeed by the Great Gulf, and by Africa, along the line from the Philainoy berms, to the south, until the end, whose position has location 46.75, 29 until 47, 25.
Φιλαίνου βωμῶν
Philainou Bomon
[Bomon = "A raised berm, especially for sacrificing"]
=== Peutinger map: ===
"Arephilenoi / Ar[a]e Philenorum fines Affric[a]e et Cyrenesium"
"The altars of the Philenoi, the limits of [the province of] Africa and of the Cyrenes"
Araphilenoy = Arae Philenou = "Alter of the Philenoi"
** Note both the Almnejrat Ancient Cemetery, as well as the 2 "altars," both on the mountain-peak, 2 miles SSW.
Philainou Bomon (Ptolemy) = Ar[a]e Philenorum (Peutinger)
* That (1) Ptolemy's "Philainou Bomon" and (2) the Peutinger Map's "Ar[a]e Philenorum" are the same, is certain; but whether these are the same as (3) the Peutinger Map's Paliuris (See photo below), isn't. The latter is probably 145 miles ESE.
Philainou = Philistines*
* Click blue lines in sea for further discussion.
Philainou = Halaini = Al-Shaliuni* (2 miles NNE)
Philainou = Phuwaihou** = Al 'Uwayliyah ash Sharqiyah (8 miles NE) ?
** The transition from Phile (Philistine) to Phuwe (Phoeni/Punic) would be a natural mistake.
30 [but should be 20] to Tagulis
25 to Anabucis Presidium
=== Other Possibilities ===
Paliuris = Abyar Rujay'ah ?
Philainou = A-Baniya ?
=== Suburbs of Benghazi ===
Philainou = Al Fuwayha ?
Philainou = Baninah ?
=== Major Lake Maerotis Map-Section Erroneous Transposition ===
Note a major insertion into the Peutinger map: All cities between--maybe Corniclanu, but--certainly Phenica and Hadrianopolis, including the depicted spiral/curlicue inland sea, are not supposed to be here, but actually belong at the western edge of the Nile Delta, as Lake Maerotis (See larger version of diagram below):
This is confirmed by the Peutinger map cities within this excisement, actually being found in the Nile Delta, not in Cyrene.

Anabucis Presidium
Anabucis = "On the Bucis [river]," in Greek
Presidium = "Guard-station," in Latin
[The guard station could be here or anywhere within 4 miles to the ENE, however, this is where the Bugza river is. Additionally, it has the advantages of being both a defensible lookout point, and the convergence of (1) the only North-South road heading inland, from the coast to Qasr Libya; as well as (2) the East-West edge-of-the-mountains-road.]
'Alibaca / Alybbaca (Ptolemy, 18 miles ESE) = Anabucis (Peutinger) ??
Aptouchou Hieron   (Ptolemy, 8 miles NE)    = Anabucis (Peutinger) ?
Anabucis = Bucsha = Wadi Bugza ?
Anabucis = Buhsha = Bujamima (4.5 miles E) ?
Anabucis = Buhsha = Minqar Bujamima (8 miles NE) ?
25 to Araphilenoy
30 to Ad Puteum

Ad Puteum

Ad Puteum ?
Θίντις
Thintis
Ad Puteum = "To the Well/Morass"
Thintia (Ptolemy) = Thehdia = Pheutia = Putea (Peutinger) ?
Thintia = Thehdia = Pheudia = Faydiyah ?
Thintia = Chunda = Qamadah (3 miles N) ?
Puteum = Faydiyah ?
30 to Anabucis Presidium
30 to Priscu Taberna

Ad Puteum ?
Θίντις
Thintis
Ad Puteum = "To the Well/Morass"
Ad Putea = "To the Wells/Morasses"
Putea = Pheudea = Bhauda = Al Bayda ?
30 to Anabucis Presidium
30 to Priscu Taberna

Ad Puteum ?
Ad Puteum = "To the Well/Morass"
Putea = Phuthea = Fuka ?
30 to Priscu Taberna

Priscu Taberna

Priscu Taberna ?
Priscu Taberna = "Early/Ancient tavern" or "Tavern of the Prisci.
"Store" = Mahala (محل) = Maara = Ayn Marrah* ?
[Site chosen mainly by relative distances to conjectured flanking Peutinger-Map-cities. To make these distances work out perfectly, it would best be located about 4 miles ESE.]
This is a worse site, for 1 reasons:
Ayn Mara far more likely means "Bitter spring of water."
30 to Ad Puteum
18 to Corniclanu

Priscu Taberna ?
Priscu Taberna = "Early/Ancient tavern" or "Tavern of the Prisci.
"Store" = Mahala (محل) = Maara = Ayn Marrah* ?
This is a worse site, for 2 reasons:
Ayn Mara far more likely means "Bitter spring of water."
The flat, smooth routes are farther south than here.
30 to Ad Puteum
18 to Corniclanu

Priscu Taberna ?
Priscu Taberna = "Early/Ancient tavern" or "Tavern of the Prisci.
Taberna = Dabehha = El Dabaa ?
18 to Corniclanu

Corniclanu

Corniclanu ??
Corniclanu = "Clanu Horn [i.e., promontory]" in Latin
"Horn" = Tuba* = Martuba ?
* In Latin
25 to Phenica
=== Major Lake Maerotis Map-Section Erroneous Transposition ===
Note a major insertion into the Peutinger map: All cities between--maybe Corniclanu, but--certainly Phenica and Hadrianopolis, including the depicted spiral/curlicue inland sea, are not supposed to be here, but actually belong at the western edge of the Nile Delta, as Lake Maerotis (See larger version of diagram below):
This is confirmed by the Peutinger map cities within this excisement, actually being found in the Nile Delta, not in Cyrene.

Corniclanu ??
Καλλίου ἄκρον
Calliou acron
Calliou Peninsula
Corniclanu = "Clanu Horn [i.e., promontory]" in Latin.
Calliou Acron (Ptolemy) = Cornu* C'lihu = Corniclanu (Peutinger) ?
Calliou = Hauluh = Zawyet El Hawala (5 miles WSW) ?
Calliou = Halioun = Zawya Haroun (6 miles ESE) ?
Corni     = Charn   = Zawya Haroun (6 miles ESE) ??
18 to Priscu Tabernah
25 to Phenica
=== Major Lake Maerotis Map-Section Erroneous Transposition ===
Note a major insertion into the Peutinger map: All cities between--maybe Corniclanu, but--certainly Phenica and Hadrianopolis, including the depicted spiral/curlicue inland sea, are not supposed to be here, but actually belong at the western edge of the Nile Delta, as Lake Maerotis (See larger version of diagram below):

Corniclanu ??
Corniclanu = "Clanu Horn [i.e., promontory]" in Latin
Hermes = Cherma + = Corniclanu = Clanu = Khany = Ras El-Kanayis ?
25 to Phenica

Phenica

Phenica
Φοινικοῦς λιμήν
Phoinicous limen
Phoenician harbor
Phoinicous (Ptolemy) = Phenica (Peutinger) ?
Phoinicous = F(o)uka (Bay)?
25 [but should be 125: A "C" is missing] to Syrtes Maiores [Bay], Taricea, and/or Hoetu

Phenica
Φεναξ = Phenax = "Cheater"
Φενακιζω = Phenakizo = "To cheat"
Phenica = "Cheater/Trick" city
"Cheat" = Yaghish (يغش)* = Dauwar 'Abd el 'Ati 'Abu 'Aguz ?
25 to Syrtes Maiores [Bay], Taricea, and Hoetu
=== Other Possibilities ===
Phenica = Fuka ?

(N/H)oetu
Φωμωθὶς ἢ Φαμουθίς
Phōmōthis or Phamouthis
Phamouthis (Ptolemy) = Pha Hoythis = Hoetu (Peutinger) ?
Hoetu = Al Huwayhi ?
Noetu = Nitriai ?
25 [but should be 125: A "C" is missing] to Phenica
25 to Zautaberna

Taucheira
Αρσινόη ἡ καὶ Τεύχειρα
Arsinoe or also Teucheira
Arsinoe/Teucheira (Ptolemy) = Tauchira (Peutinger) = Tagulis (Peutinger)
In the above statement, it is certain that Ptolemaic Arsinoe/Teucheira is the Peutinger map's Tauchira, but whether these are Tagulis is doubtful.
=== Major Lake Maerotis Map-Section Erroneously Transposed ===
Note a major insertion into the Peutinger map: All cities between--maybe Corniclanu, but--certainly Phenica and Hadrianopolis, including the depicted spiral/curlicue inland sea, are not supposed to be here, but actually belong at the western edge of the Nile Delta, as Lake Maerotis (See larger version of map below):
Additionally, at the northeastern end of that excisement, strangely, the Peutinger map errs, and shows the 25-mile-long segment of road emergency east from here (Tauchira) as wrongly going to Hadrianopol[is], Egypt rather than to Ptolemais/Ptolemaide, which is in fact right next to here on the Cyrenian coast. This 25-mile-segmentthen ends at the wrong city, because, as is evident from the pin here, Tauchira isn't in that excised sequence of Lake Maerotis cities, but rather in this correct Cyrenian sequence.
=== Tauchira ===
? [but should be 25] to Ptolemaide
=== Tagulis ===
Tocra = Teucheira
Tocra = Tugula = Tagulis
Tagulis = Tansulukh ?
6 to Turris / Taberna
? to Digididaa Municipium Selorum
30 [but should be 20] to Araphilenoy

Ptolemaide
Πτολεμαΐς
Ptolemais
Ptolemais (Ptolemy) = Ptolemaide (Peutinger)
Ptolemais = Tolmeita
? to Tauchira. Col.
20 to Callis
Note a major insertion into the Peutinger map: All cities between--maybe Corniclanu, but--certainly Phenica and Hadrianopolis, including the depicted spiral/curlicue inland sea, are not supposed to be here, but actually belong at the western edge of the Nile Delta, as Lake Maerotis (See larger version of map below):

Callis

Callis
Callis = "Beauty" in Greek
Bashar = "Beauty" in Arabic
Callis = Qalush = Bi'r al 'Uqlah (العقلة)
"Beauty" = Karbasa (كرباسة) ?
[Note cave here, and many more caves 3 miles south.]
20 to Ptolemaide
12 to Cenopolis

Callis ?
Callis = "Beauty" in Greek
Bashar = "Beauty" in Arabic
Callis = Carrhis = Karbasa (كرباسة) ?
"Beauty" = Karbasa (كرباسة) ?
20 to Ptolemaide
12 to Cenopolis

Cenopolis

Cenopolis
Cenopolis = "Empty City" in Greek
Cunopolis = "City of dogs"
Cenopolis = Al Haniyah ?
"Dog"= Kalb (كلب)* = Zawiyat al 'Urqub ?
12 to Callis
21 to Balacris

Cenopolis ?
Cenopolis = "Empty City" in Greek
"Empty"= Farigh (فارغ)* + polis = El Harg + Bo = Zawiat Elargoob ?
** Probably derives instead from Argob, "Heap of stones".
12 to Callis
21 to Balacris

Balacris
Βάρκη
Barca
Barca (Ptolemy) = Balcha = Balacris (Peutinger) ?
Balacris = Belgray (بلغراي)
Balacris = Bulgari (بلغرى)
Balacris = Bayahdha = Al Bayda ?
Balacris = Halagrica = Ahlgreqha ?
"Hoc a Templ. Aselepy."
"Out of the sump temple Asclepius [?]."
21 to Cenopolis
12 to Cyrenis Col.

Montes Cyrenei

Montes Cyrenei
Ἔχει δὲ ἡ ἐπαρχία ὄρη τε, τὰ καλούμενα Ηρακλέους Θῖνας, ὧν τὸ μέσον ἐπέχει μοίρας 48.67, 29
But the region indeed has mountains, the so-called "Heraclean Shores," his middle has position 48.67, 29
Ὑπὸ δὲ τὸν τῶν Ἑσπερίδων Κῆπόν εἰσιν αἱ τοῦ Ἡρακλέους Θίνες τὰ ὄρη
Hypo de ton ton Hesperidon Cepon eisin hai tou Heracleous Thines ta Hore.
But beneath the Cepos of the Hesperidies are the mountains, [called] the "Shores of Hercules"
Heracleous Thinas [Mts.] (Ptolemy) = Montes Cyrenei (Peutinger)
Cyrene mountains

Montes Cyrenei
Cyrene mountains

Cyrenis Col.
Κυρήνη
Cyrene
Cyrene (Ptolemy) = Cyrenis (Peutinger)
Cyrenis Col. = Cyrene ruins
12 to Balacris
13 [but should be 8] to Apollonia

Apollonia
Apollonia = Al'Abollacia = Labraq ?
Apollonia = El Amaluhdia = Lamluda ?
13 [but should be 8] to Cyrenis Col.
16 to Agabis

Agabis ?
Ακαβίς
Acabis
Acabis (Ptolemy) = Agabis (Peutinger)
Agabis = Al Qubah ?
16 to Apollonia
36 to Mandis

Mandis
Mandis = Martuba ?
Mandis = Al-Muzaini (10 miles ENE) ?
36 to Agabis
36 to Paliuris

Paliuris
Παλίουρος
Paliouros
Paliouros (Ptolemy) = Paliuris (Peutinger)
Philainou = Hulaynuh = Ayn al Ulaymah
Paliuris = Halayurna = Ayn al Ulaymah
36 to Mandis
33 to Mecuris
=== Probably not the Philistine Altars ===
Paliouros/Paliuris, may be, but probably isn't, the same as . . .
Philainou Bomon (Ptolemy) = Ar[a]e Philenorum (Peutinger) *
. . . which is 145 miles WNW, on the Western border of Cyrene, is shown, in both the 2 paragraphs below, as well as by the 2 red squares, next to Benghazi in the picture below.
=== Ptolemy: ===
Ἡ Κυρηναϊκὴ ἐπαρχία περιορίζεται ἀπὸ μὲν δυσμῶν τῇ τε Σύρτει τῇ μεγάλῃ καὶ τῇ ᾿Αφρικῇ κατὰ τὴν ἀπὸ Φιλαίνου βωμῶν γραμμὴν πρὸς μεσημβρίαν μέχρι πέρατος, οὗ ἡ θέσις ἐπέχει μοίρας 46.75, 29 μέχρι 47, 25.
He Cyrenaice eparchia periorizetai apo men dysmon te te Syrtei te Magalea kai te Aphrice kata ten apo Philainou bromon grammen pros mesembriana mechri peratos, hou he thesis epechei moiras 46.75, 29 machria 47,25.
The Cyrenaic Eparchy is defined, firstly on the west, indeed by the Great Gulf, and by Africa, along the line from the Philainoy berms, to the south, until the end, whose position has location 46.75, 29 until 47, 25.
Φιλαίνου βωμῶν
Philainou Bomon
[Bomon = "A raised berm, especially for sacrificing"]
=== Peutinger map: ===
"Arephilenoi / Ar[a]e Philenorum fines Affric[a]e et Cyrenesium"
"The altars of the Philenoi" / "The altars of the Philenoi, the limits of [the province of] Africa and of the Cyrenes"

Mecuris
Πέτρας μικρᾶς λιμήν
Petras Micras limen
Little Petras Lake
[The lake itself would be here in the river valley, notwithstanding that Mecuris could be off by the coast.]
Petras Micras (Ptolemy) = Mecuris (Peutinger)
Micras = Micruh = Mecuris = Mehurassa = Zawiyat al Murassas *
Micras = Micruh = Mecuris = Qaryat Maqrun *
Petras = Puhlas = Poumlas ? *
Petras = Butrash = Batrachos Lake ?? **
Mecuris = Hacuruh = Acroma ??
* This would be, if Petras & Antipurgos lakes were wrongly reversed in order.
** This would be, if Ptolemy's Petras and Batrachos lakes were the same lake.
33 to Paliuris
22 to Antipego

Gonia
Καταιόνιον ἄκρον
Kataionion acron
Kataionion promontory
Kataionion (Ptolemy) = C'haionia = Gonia (Peutinger)
=== Possible Interpretations ===
Kataionion = Kata + Ionion = "Below Ionia" ?
Kataionion = Kata + Aionion = Down + Century ??
Kataionion = Kata + Aionion = "Eternal Downward Plunge" ??
Gonia = "Angle/Corner" in Greek
Kataionion = Aionion = Aiodiuh = Al Aodah Resort ?
"Angle/Corner" = [The peninsula here]
3 to Antipego*
* To the Peutinger map's Antipego, not to Ptolemaic Antipurgos, which is at a different location than the Peutinger map's Antipego, and is instead 6 miles WNW of here, where the Peutinger map's road-spur, is drawn as ending. This absence of a marked Peutinger-map-city at the end of that road-spur, should be taken as further evidence that the Ptolemaic Antipurgos was originally at the end of that road, and then, by the time of our current edition of the Peutinger map, had migrated down to Tobruk.

Antipego
Αντίπυργος λιμήν
Antipurgos limen
Antipurgos harbor
Antipurgos (Ptolemy) = Antipego (Peutinger)*
* See later evolution into "Tobruk," below. It seems that the original Ptolemaic placename originated here, but then migrated southeastward to Tobruk, by the time of the Peutinger map, because . . .
the Peutinger map draws a road-spur from Antipego, to Gonia, but it doesn't stop at Gonia, instead traveling further northwest, in a series of zigzags, until it ends at an unmarked spot on the coast. This inglorious termination, was probably where Antipurgos originally was, on early editions of the Peutinger map, but it was erased, on the later addition which we possess, because the name had migrated down to [new] Antipego, at/as Tobruk.
the marked 27-[but should be 17]-mile-distance from (C/B)ardu to Antipego/Tobruk (but not to Ptolemaic Antipurgos, which is an utterly untweakable 20 miles from (C/B)ardu) is pretty firm;
[Note that this is in River Valley, and "Adal Dam" is just west (i.e. downstream) of here.]
Antipurgos = "Against the tower" in Greek ?
Antipurgos = Attiburkus = Atbirq / Atbaraq Bay*
Antipurgos = Antipego = Al Tipuhc = Tiburk = Tobruk (20 miles W) ?**
"Against the tower" Lake = Bi'r*** al Birjisi**** ?
** Both this inlet, and the one further east.
*** Means "well," or "pit," in Arabic.
**** Burj means "tower," in Arabic.
22 to Mecuris
3 to Gonia
27 [but should be 17] to (C/B)ardu

(C/B)ardu
(Cardu on some maps, Bardu on others.)
Cardu = Al Qa'arah ?
=== Other possibilities ===
Bardu = Cuhdus = Kumbus = Madinat Bayad ?
Cardu = Cuhdus = Kumbus = Kasr Kambut* ?
Cardu = Cuhdus = Kumbush = Kablish* ??
* On 1842 Rumsey Historical map
27 to Antipego
36 to Hemeseo

Hemeseo
Hemeseo = Marsa / Mersi (ميناء )
Hemeseo = Musaid ??
36 to (C/B)ardu
24 to Catabathino

Catabathino
Κατάβαθμος μέγας
Catabathmos Megas
Great Descent
Catabathmos (Ptolemy) = Catabathino (Peutinger)
Catabathino = Bartiuh = Bardiyah
Catabathino = Bath = Byut Fadit ?
24 to Hemeseo
28 to Aratu

Aratu
Aratu = Harath = Bahut = Byut Fadit ?
[Identified by Peutinger map distances, because the 2 cities on either side of this are absolutely certain.]
=== Other possibilities ===
Aratu = Dawwar ash Shuraysat ??
Aratu = Marsa Matruh ??
Aratu = Awaratsuh = Kafret el-Tawarsa ??
28 to Catabathino
26 to Hefus

Hefus
Ιππου ἄκρα
Hippou acra
Hippou promontory
Hippou = "Horse" in Greek
Hippou Acron (Ptolemy) = Hefus (Peutinger) ?
Hefus = al Hirsh (الحرش)*
Hefus = al Hirsh (الحرش)* = Saniyat al Hushaybat
Hefus = Hefara Alwa Habara (1 miles W)?
*Arabic for "Horse." See "Horse Science School", 1.6 miles SW.
26 to Aratu
24 to Pretorio
==== Alternative possibilities ===
Hippou = Hyphouh = Zawiyat Umm Hufayn ?

Pretorio
Pretorio = Militarium = Zawyet El-Mithniyan
24 to Hefus
24 [but should be 34] to Philiseu

Philiseu
Σελινους λιμήν
Selinous limen
Selinous Herbor
Selinous (Ptolemy) = Philiseu (Peutinger) *
* See derivation below:
Pselaggian = Pselajgian = Pelasgian = Philistine = Philiseu
Pselaggian = Pselajgian = Pelasgian = Philistine = Wadi Halazeen (here)
Pselaggian = Pselajgian = Pelasgian = Philistine = Halazeen/Halazayn (7 miles S)
Pselaggian = Pselengys = Selinous = Al Sowinat (5 miles ESE)
Selinous = Salinus = [Salt flats along the coast here] ?
Selinous = Malih (مالح)* = Ma'atinal Furaykhat ??
[The Ptolemaic coordinates would call for it to actually be at this location, which is plausible, because the harbor has since obviously dried up, which would probably explain why there are no highly-satisfying local derived placenames for Selinous enduring here, to this day.]
=== Possible Philistine tribes in City-names ===
[See blue lines, in the ocean, for discussion & chart.]
24 [but should be 34] to Pretorio
28 [but should be 118] to Patrico

Patrico
Δέῤῥις ἄκρα
Derris acra
Derris Peninsulas
Derris (Ptolemy) = Patrico (Peutinger)
Derris = Ad Daraziyah
Derris = Ad Daraziyah = Patrizia = Patrico ?
28 [but should be--not XXVIII, but--CXVIII, or 118] to Philiseu
15 to Comaru

Comaru
Χειμώ κώμη
Cheimo come
Cheimo village
Cheimo (Ptolemy) = Comaru (Peutinger)
Comaru = "With the ocean" ?
Cheimo = Abu Shineina
"With the ocean" = Cho'Marina = Shunehina = Abu Shineina ??
[Both cities on either side of here are solid.] 15 to Patrico
15 to Monogami

Monogami
Μονοκάμινον
Monocaminon
Monocaminon (Ptolemy) = Monogami (Peutinger)
Monocaminon = Chamam = El-Hamam
Monogami = Ghameh = El-Hamam ?
15 to Comaru
9 to Tapostri

Tapostri
Ταπόσιρις
Taposiris
Taposiris (Ptolemy) = Tapostri (Peutinger)
Tapostri = Tapostris Magna
9 to Monogami
25 to [Alexandria lighthouse]

Philistines
=== Possible Philistine tribes in City-names ===
Ptolemaic Name | Peutinger Name | City | Tribe | Location
Arsinoe/Teucheira | Tauchira/Tagulis | Tocra | Teucri of Troy | 32.532, 20.580
Philainou Bomon | Araphilenoy | Almnejrat Ancient Cemetery | Peleset (Philistines) | 32.459, 20.918
Dar(da)nis | | Derna | Dardanoi (Trojans) | 32.742, 22.660
Paliouros | Paliuris | Ayn al Ulaymah | Peleset | 32.139, 23.355
Scythranios limen | | Umm Al-Shawish Lighthouse | Weshesh or Ekwesh | 32.051, 24.010
| | Ekhlas Plaza (?) | Shekelesh | 32.019, 24.026
Ardanis Acra (?) | | Wadi Arzouka | Arzawa (Anatolia) | 32.022, 24.058
| | Ras Bu Wushayyikah | Weshesh or Ekwesh | 31.930, 25.037
| | Dawwar ash Shuraysat / Sikheira | Shekelesh, Sherden, or Teresh | 31.587, 26.022
| | Kafret el- Tawarsa | Teresh or Tuareg | 31.485, 26.390
Selinous harbor | Philiseu | Wadi Halazayn | Peleset (Pelasgian) | 31.434, 26.864
Leuce Acte | | Zawyet Ashtur | Lukka | 31.200, 28.818
* In Ptolemy's Geography
The above city-names are probably not where these peoples came from, but where they were ultimately settled by the victorious Egyptians. Incidentally, this same humiliation, would explain why there are no glorious legends about whence the Philistines came from, settled similarly, on the Israeli seacoast.
=== WIKIPEDIA EDIT format: ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Coastal Cities of Libya possibly named after the Sea Peoples |- ! City !! Ptolemaic name !! Peutinger name !! Tribe !! Latitude !! Longitude |- | Daryanah || || || Denyen || 32.350 || 20.318 |- | Tocra || Arsinoe/Teucheira || Tauchira/Tagulis || Teucri of Troy || 32.532 || 20.580 |- | Almnejrat Ancient Cemetery || Philainou Bomon || Araphilenoy || Peleset (Philistines) || 32.459 || 20.918 |- | Derna || Dar(da)nis || || Dardanoi (Trojans) || 32.742 || 22.660 |- | Ayn al Ulaymah || Paliouros || Paliuris || Peleset || 32.139 || 23.355 |- | Umm Al-Shawish Lighthouse || Scythranios harbor || || Weshesh or Ekwesh || 32.051 || 24.010 |- | Ekhlas Plaza (?) || || || Shekelesh || 32.019 || 24.026 |- | Wadi Arzouka || Ardanis Acra (?) || || Arzawa (Anatolia) || 32.022 || 24.058 |- | Lukk || || || Lukka || 31.987 || 24.610 |- | Ras Bu Wushayyikah || || || Weshesh or Ekwesh || 31.930 || 25.037 |- | Dawwar ash Shuraysat / Sikheira || || || Shekelesh or Sherden or Teresh || 31.587 || 26.022 |- | Kafret el- Tawarsa || || || Teresh or Tuareg || 31.485 || 26.390 |- | Wadi Halazayn || Selinous || Philiseu || Peleset (Pelasgian) || 31.434 || 26.864 |- | Zawyet Ashtur || Leuce Acte || || Lukka || 31.200 || 28.818 |}

Possible extension

Zautaberna
Zautaberna = Zau Taberna = "Zau Tavern"
Zau Taberna = At Tabarani
Zau Taberna = An Nubariyah (11 miles WNW) ?
25 to (N/H)oetu
23 [but should be 33] to Ampalaontes

Ampalaontes ?
Ampalaontes = Izbat Al Janbihi ?
Ampalaontes = Izbat Jaid Al Hamuri ?
Ampalaontes = Zawayat Hammur ?
23 to Zautaberna
15 to Bernicide

Bernicide ?
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν πρὸς τῷ Μεγάλῳ ποταμῷ, . . .μητρόπολις Νικίου .
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon prὸs to Megάlo potamo, . . .mitrόpolis Nikίou .
To the east of the great river . . . of the metropolis of Niciou.
Niciou (Ptolemy) = Hiciou (Peutinger) ??
Nikiou (Ptolemy) = Bernicide (Peutinger) ?
Bernicide = Belunica = Qafr Bulion
Bernicide = Belunica = Nig(ali)a = Nijaylah ?
15 to Ampalaontes
28 to Hadrianopolis
=== Niciou Problem ===
Niciou would then be on the wrong Eastern side of the main branch of the Nile River heading to the Lake Maerotis, whereas the Peutinger map shows it on the western side. To explain this, we'd have to hypothesize that the Nile changed course, and once entered that make further east, near to the Cochlea-spiral.

Hadrianopolis
᾿Ανδρῶν πόλις
Andron polis
City of men
Andron[opolis] (Ptolemy) = Hadrianopolis (Peutinger)*
* Note how similar the 2 names sound, and Hadrianopolis could easily have succeeded Andronopolis by accident, or deliberately.
Andron     = An'drumanuh = Damanur   = Damanhour ?
Hadriana = Ha'durhanuh = Duhmanur = Damanhour ?
28 to Bernicide
25 to Tauchira [but should be to nothing, or just to the end of the Lake Maerotis peninsula, because Tauchira actually belongs 590 miles WNW, with Ptolemais/Ptolemaide, and therefore is not properly a part of this execised-and-transposed Maerotis-portion of the map (See below).]

Egypt

Delta

Unclaimed Sea
My thinking: Many of the deltas & promontory's built today, aren't necessarily the same as those in ancient times, but the ancient ones are probably where the silted flatlands today are, which the river since abandoned, and transferred its course to more recently fill in what, back in that day, was empty ocean. Over time, the ancient promontories would've been rounded off by ocean-currents.
=== Sequence of Mouths ===
§. 10. Νείλου στόματα ἑπτά.
Ηρακλεωτικὸν στόμα,
τὸ καὶ Κανωβικόν
Herakleotikon mouth,
and also Kanobikon
60+5/6
31+1/12
Βολβίτινον στόμα | Bolbitinon mouth | 61+1/4 | 31+1/12
Σεβεννυτικόν | Sebennutikon | 61+1/2 | 31+1/12
Πινέπτιμι ψευδόστομον | Pineptimi false-mouth | 61+3/4 | 31+1/6
Δίολκος ψευδόστομον | Diolkos false-mouth | 62+1/6 | 31+1/6
Παθμητικὸν στόμα | Pathmetikon mouth | 62+1/2 | 31+1/6
Μενδήσιον στόμα | Mendesion mouth | 62+3/4 | 31+1/4
Τανιτικὸν στόμα | Tanitikon mouth | 63 | 31+1/4
Πηλουσιακὸν στόμα | Pelousiakon mouth | 63+1/4 | 31+1/4
Πηλούσιον πόλις | Pelousion city | 63+1/4 | 31+1/4
=== Sequence of Parallel Rivers (color coded to their mouths) ===
ὅθεν ὅ τε Βουτικὸς* ποταμὸς καὶ ὁ ἐφεξῆς κατὰ παράλληλόν πως τῇ παραλίῳ έσιν ἐπιζευγνύουσι τόν τε Θερμουθιακὸν ( ἢ Φερμουθιακόν) καὶ ᾿Αθριβιτικόν καὶ Βουσιριτικόν καὶ Βουβαστιακόν ·
ὅthen hὅ te Boutikὸs* potamὸs kaὶ hὁ efexes katὰ parάllilόn pos te paralίo esin epizeugnύousi tόn te THermouthiakὸn (he Fermouthiakόn) kaὶ ᾿Athribitikόn kaὶ Bousiritikόn kaὶ Boubastiakόn ·
But from whence indeed [comes] the Boutikos* river, also sequentially there is the -- in layout, as parallel to parallel -- connected to it, additionally the Thermouthiac (or Fermouthiac), and Athribitic kaὶ, Bousiritic kaὶ, Boubastiac.
*Boutikὸs is probably either an alternate name for, or a side branch of the Talu river. It is probably named for the city of Boutios / Buto, which it presumably passes through.

River on Peutinger map
Really, it's clearly going thru Lake Mareotis.
That its river flows out through Lake Mareotis is likely based on . . .
The Peutinger map's showing of the Agathos Diamon (main branch of the Nile) swinging far west of the Lighthouse of Alexandria.
The Lake having been so big, in ancient times.
The close coordinates of Alexandria, the Heracleotic Mouth, and the Bolbitic Mouth.

Lake Mareotis

Lake Mareotis
ἡ Μάρεια λίμνη
The Mareia lake
60.25, 30 93
καὶ τὴν ὑπὸ Παλίουρον λίμνην , ἐν ᾗ κογχύ
and the lake beneathe Paliouron, in which is the Cochlea [spiral].
52, 31.17
ἡ Μοίριδος λίμνη
The Moiridos lake
"The lake of Moiris."
Καὶ περὶ τὴν Μοίριδος λίμνην Βακχίς, Διονυσιάς
And around the Moiridos lake, Bacchis, Dionysius
Bacchis = Bugghus = Izbat Bughaws Nubar Al Bahariyyah (At lake's southern end)
Moirai = The Fates
= Mareia lake (Ptolemy)
= Moiridos lake (Ptolemaic revision) (?)
= Mahiortes = Syrtes Maiores* (Peutinger)
= Sub-Paliouron lake (Peutinger)
= Lacus Tritonuoy* (Peutinger)
* But these names may be completely in error, as the "Syrtes," are the 2 giant bays North of modern Libya, and "Lacus Tritonuoy" is also labeled upon the Peutinger map as the long rounded-rectangular lake, drawn underneath of this Curlicue-lake, and which would be somewhere else in Africa, either the Qattara Depression, or more likely the source of the Nile (which is there drawn as flowing from it).
=== Alternate Possibilities of Lake Moiridos ===
Moiridos = Al Marwah (25 miles SSW)* ?
Moiridos = Mogarra (city & mountains, 160 miles WSW)** ??
* Note that the lake near Al Marwah (the modern Nubaria sea) reemerged around 2013, so its identification as lake Moiridos would require an even older existence prior to when that lake disappeared.
** On 1842 Rumsey Historical map
=== Alternate Possible Interpretation of the Cochlea Spiral ===
The Peutinger map's "Paliuris" is 400 miles W of here (Lake Mareotis), but the inland Sea with the Cochlea [spiral], could certainly only be the gigantic Lake Marotis here, based on sheer size, and also based on the cities that are drawn surrounding it on the Peutinger map, and which are still present today.
The fact that the Peutinger map drew a spiral on this lake, suggests that its author read Ptolemy, and interpreted that spiral ("Cochlea") as a geographic feature; however, if the spiral were instead interpreted as a noteworthy kind of snail-mollusc that is harvested from the lake, then that Cochlea-containing-lake "below Paliuris" could be a very small one, far off over there, 400 miles W, at Paliuris. In that case, perhaps ancient Lake Mareotis didn't have a spiral at all, but was just misinterpreted to have one, by the Peutinger map maker.
=== Outflow thru Lake Mareotis ===
That the Agathos Diamon (Main Branch of the Nile) river flows out through Lake Mareotis is likely based on . . .
The Peutinger map's showing of the Nile's westernmost branch as swinging far west of the Lighthouse of Alexandria.
The Lake having been so big, in ancient times.
The close coordinates of Alexandria, the Heracleotic Mouth, and the Bolbitic Mouth.

Taricea
Taricea = Terougeh* = Kom Turujah
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Map
Note: Taricea, as well as Opiros, are labeled in faint ink, in the water, just inside the western edge of Lake Maerotis, which lake the Peutinger map wrongly labels as either "Syrtes Maiores," or "Lacus Tritonuoy."

Opiros ?
Opiros = Hotiros = Batoures island = Izbat Khuri Al Bahari ? Opiros = Ohbih = Oruby = Orbi Ezbet Oraby ?
Note: Taricea, as well as Opiros, are labeled in faint ink, in the water, just inside the western edge of Lake Maerotis, which lake the Peutinger map wrongly labels as either "Syrtes Maiores," or "Lacus Tritonuoy."

Hermipolis ?
Hermipolis = Ezbet Haroum ??

Boutos / Buto

Boutos / Buto
Βοῦτος = Boutos
Boutos (Ptolemy) = Buto (Peutinger)
Boutos = Tell Botou
Boutos = Abioqah* = Abyuqa (3 miles SSW)
Boutos = Abiotah* = Abtu (1 mile SSW)
16 (or 20?) from Hermopoli.
12 or 14 (or 6?) from Tmuis.
6 (should be 56; an "L" is missing) from Tmuis.
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas
=== Likely etymological cousins: ===
Bolbitic river & mouth,
Boubastic region, with its cities of "Cabasa"/"Shabasa",
Boutos metropolis

Boutos / Buto ?
Βοῦτος = Boutos
Boutos (Ptolemy) = Buto (Peutinger)
Buto = Phuteh = Foueh* = Fuwwah?
16 (or 20?) from Hermopoli.
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas
=== Likely etymological cousins: ===
Bolbitic river & mouth,
Boubastic region, with its cities of "Cabasa"/"Shabasa",
Boutos metropolis

Tmuis

Thmouis / Tmuis
Θμουΐς = Thmouis
Thmouis (Ptolemy) = Tmuis (Peutinger)
Thamuz = Tmuis = Thmuis* = Timayy Al Imdid
* On Rumsey Historical Atlas
6 (should be 56; an "L" is missing) from Boutos.
Longitude: 62+1/3
Latitude: 30+7/8
=== Competing view: Thmuis as Damietta, 37 miles NNE ===
Mentioned by the 6th-century geographer Stephanus Byzantius, it [Damietta] was called Tamiathis (Ancient Greek: Ταμίαθις) in the Hellenistic period.
[Of course, this Tmuis could've later given its name to that one, as the Delta grew northwards.]

Tmuis
Thamuz = Tmuis = Dhmwies = Damiets = Damietta ?
6 (but should be 72?) from Boutos.
3 problems are:
that this would necessitate the ancient Delta being very much further north than Ptolemy indicates;
it creates a strange, not 6, but 72 miles from Boutos, which can't be explained by the alteration of a single Roman--character; and
the distinctive "-w-" strangely disappeared.
=== Wikipedia on Thmuis as Damietta ===
Mentioned by the 6th-century geographer Stephanus Byzantius, it [Damietta] was called Tamiathis (Ancient Greek: Ταμίαθις) in the Hellenistic period.
[Of course, the other Tmuis, 37 miles SSW, could've later given its name to this one, as the Delta grew northwards.]

Iseums

Iseum
Iseum = Kafr Salem ?
Iseum = Ash Shin (6 miles E) ?
Iseum = Shinu (8 miles NE) ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas

Iseum / Iscopolis ?
Iscopolis = Temple d'Isis ruine* ?
=== Alternative Possibility ===
Iseum = Temple d'Isis ruine* ?
This is certainly an Iseum, but its location is not one of those shown on the Peutinger map
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas

Iseum
Iseum = Kafr Essam ?
Iseum = Aknoui* = Kom Ishnaway (3 miles E) ?
Iseum = Aknoui* = Ikhnaway AZ Zallaqah (5 miles) ?
Iseum = Izbat Abdul Aziz Al Ijayzi (7 miles N)** ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas
** Also possibly Xso(e/i)s, in Ptolemy's Geography

Iseum ?
Iseum = Iziza = (Kafr) Al Ajayzah ?
Iseum = Iziza = Ashlim (2 miles E) ?
Iseum = Iziza = Mit El-Ezz (2 miles ENE) ?
Iseum = Iziza = Istubari (2 miles W) ?
Iseum = (Tilbant) Abshish (2 miles S) ?
=== Other possibilities ===
Iseum = Shamma (13 miles SW) ?
Iseum = Ezbet Ahmed Eissas (48 miles NW) ?
Iseum = Mit el Ezz (17 miles S) ?
Iseum = Mit Khaqan WA Hissitha (5 miles NW) ?

Heracleion

Heracleion
Ἡρακλέους μικρὰ
Heracleous micra
Little Heraclea
Little Heraclea (Ptolemy) = Heracleion (Peutinger)
Heracleion = "Ruines de Sethrum"* = Tell Scherig* (See pic, just to the left of the purple box.)
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas.
Longitude: 63+1/3 - Should be about 62+5/6 or so, since the Peutinger map shows it W of Pelusium (63+1/4).
Latitude: 31
32 from Tmuis

Heracleion ?
Ἡρακλέους μικρὰ
Heracleous micra
Little Heraclea
Little Heraclea (Ptolemy) = Heracleion (Peutinger)
Heracleion = Helacheia = Ash Shalatiyyat ?
* However, on thge Rumsey Historical Atlas, this area would be underwater, in the 1800s.
Longitude: 63+1/3 - Should be about 62+5/6 or so, since the Peutinger map shows it W of Pelusium (63+1/4).
Latitude: 31
32 from Tmuis

Heracleion
Ἡρακλέους μικρὰ
Heracleous micra
Little Heraclea
Heracleion = Halcheia = Alhieh* = As Salhiyyah ?
Heracleion = Arculeia = Ahcoweia = El Akoweh* = Al Qawadah ?
Heracleion = Charah-cheia = Province de Charqieh* = El-Qantara el-Sharqiya (20 miles NEE**)?
**This area has been partially filled in, since the early 1800s, as the Delta expanded northward.
* However, on thge Rumsey Historical Atlas, this area would be underwater, in the 1800s.
Longitude: 63+1/3 - Should be about 62+5/6 or so, since the Peutinger map shows it W of Pelusium (63+1/4).
Latitude: 31
32 from Tmuis

Heracleion ?
Heracleion = Herachia = Sharahia = Izbat Ash Sharayid ?

Phacoussa / Phacus
Φακοῦσσα = Phacoussa
Phacoussa (Ptolemy) = Phacus (Peutinger)
Phacus = Phacusa = Faqous* = Faqus
* On Rumsey Historical Map as "Ruines de Phacusa"
Longitude: 63+1/6
Latitude: 30+5/6
36, but should be 46 from Pelousion.

Senpho

Senphu
Σεβεννυτός
Sebennutos
Sebennutos = Sebnu = Senphu (Peutinger)* ?
* Perhaps a typo on the Peutinger map: "Senphu" stop someone was supposed to be written 'Sephnu.'
Sebennutos = Nazlat as Sibaiyyat ?
Sebennutos = El Qasr Sabynnia = Al Kassabiyyah (3 miles SSW)?
Sebennutos = Sab-byhharia = Kafr Saad Bihayri (3 miles SSE)?
Sebennutos = Kafr as Suhbi (4 miles SSE) ?
Sebennutos = Kafr as Sharabiyyah (4 miles SE) ?
Sebennutos = Zahar Charb* = Zahr Shurb (1.5 miles NNE) ?
Sebennutos = Sannuphuh = As Sanafin Al Qibliyyah (3 miles N) ?
Sebennutos = Sedenn = El Saadein* = As Sidiyyin (4 miles NE) ?
Sebennutos = San(n)ahoueh* = Sinnahwa (2 miles E, & 4 NEE**) ?
Guess-plotted here, under this apparently unduly tall Tell-seeming graveyard. If not here, then it would probably be one of the cities further south, both because the population could be expected to migrate northward, as the Delta grew, and to provide the separation from Onouphis reflected on the Ptolemaic maps.
7 [but should be 41, or XLI] to Phacus
? to Simiati
** 2 cities

Senpho ?
Senpho = Kafr Sinjab ?

Senpho ?
Senpho = El Senikah* ?
Senpho = Chenbarah* = Izbat Al Kananah ?
*On 1818 Rumsey Historical Map I

Simiati

Simiati ?
Simiati = Ash Shimut ?
Simiati = El Choumout* ?
Simiati = K.[hirbet?**] El Choumout* ?
* On Rumey Historical Map
** Means "ruins of"
36 [but should be 26] to Babilonia Stratonicidi
[Note: the "24" isn't from here to anywhere, but only from Lake Mori to Arsinoe & Clisma.]
? to Senphu

Simiati ?
Simiati = Sinhiat = Senhout* = Sanhut Al Birak ?
* On Rumey Historical Map
24 but should be 64 (An "X" should be an "L") from Lake Mori

Simiati ?
Simiati = Simmatha = Sennahoueh* = Sinnahwa ?
* On Rumey Historical Map
24 but should be 64 (An "X" should be an "L") from Lake Mori

Simiati
Simiati = Siniathi = Saniaphei = El Sanafein* = As Sanafin ?
24 but should be 64 (An "X" should be an "L") from Lake Mori

Simiati
Simiati = Simniat = Minyat Senta ?
Simiati = Mehati = Aoulad Mehena* = Awlad Mihanna ?

Simiati = "Ruines D'Horbeit"* = Hurbayt ?
Simiati = "Horbeit"* = Hurbayt ?
Simiati = "K. Horbeit"* = Kafr Hurbayt ?
* On Rumey Historical Map entitled "Egypt_Nile_Delta_1818"

Simiati = Ghar Shimiah = Cherchimeh* = Shirshimah ?
* On Rumey Historical Map entitled "Egypt_Nile_Delta_1818"

Simiati = Sal Salamout* ?
This site would be if the 24 miles from Lake Mori is correct.

Simiati = Sanat* = Saadat ?

Athribeos / Atribi
Αθρίβεως πόλεως
Athribeos poleos
Athribeos city
Athribeos (Ptolemy) = Atribi (Peutinger) = Attrib* = Minyt As Siba
Athribeos = D'Athribis*
=== The city ===
Longitude: 62
Latitude: 30+1/2
=== Delta of its river ===
Longitude: 62+1/4

Vacreus

Vacreus
Vacreus (Latin) = "Cow" = Baqara (Arabic)
Vacreus = Baqara = Begirin* = Bijirin ?
Vacreus = Baqara = Cherin Boukoum* = Shubra Bukhum ?
Vacreus = Baqara = Baqsa ?
Vacreus = Baqara = Mit Bereh** = Mit Birah & Kafr Ash Shahhid ?
** 2 towns on Rumsey Historical Atlas

Vacreus ?
Vacreus = Bigour* = El-Bagour ?

Vacreus
Vacreus (Latin) = "Cow" = Baqara (Arabic)
Vacreus = Baqara = K. el Bacha* ?
** 2 towns on Rumsey Historical Atlas

Vacreus (Latin) = "Cow" = Baqara (Arabic)
Vacreus = Baqara = Dar el Baqar* ?
** 2 towns on Rumsey Historical Atlas

Vacreus = Baqara = Dar el Baqar* = Shinnirah Al Bahariyyah ?

Subasto

Subasto ?
Βούβαστος = Boubastos
Boubastos = Ruines de Boubaste* = Tell Bastas
Boubastos = Chawbak Bastah* = Shubak Bastah
Boubastos (Ptolemy) = Subasto (Peutinger) ?

Subasto ?
Subasto = Sendbast* = Sandabast ?
Subasto = Zefti Gowad* = Zifta (1 mile NW) ?

Subasto?
Subasto = Ezbet El-Sabae ?
Subasto = Mit el Soudan* = Izbat Shuhdi (3 miles NWW) ?

Subasto?
Subasto = Kofour Sebak* = As Sadat ?

Serapeu locations

Serapeu
Serapis = Serabeu = Serenbaie* = Surunbay ?

Serapeu
Serapis = Serapeu = Sahragt* = Sahrajt ?

Serapeu ?
Serapis = Serapeu = Cherchabeh* = Kafr Shubra Qalluj ?

Ciris
Σαΐς = Sais
Sais (Ptolemy) = Ciris (Peutinger)
Sais = San Al Hajar
=== Confusable nearby city ===
Ξόϊς ἢ Ξόης
Xsois he Xsoes
Xsois or Xsoes

Auleu
Auleu ? = Qelioub* = Qalyub ?
24 from Memphis
36 from Niciou

Niciou

Nikίou ?
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν πρὸς τῷ Μεγάλῳ ποταμῷ, . . .μητρόπολις Νικίου .
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon prὸs to Megάlo potamo, . . .mitrόpolis Nikίou .
To the east of the great river . . . of the metropolis of Niciou.
Niciou (Ptolemy) = Niciou (Peutinger) ??
Nikiou (Ptolemy) = Bernicide (Peutinger) ?
Bernicide = Belunica = Qafr Bulin
Bernicide = Belunica = Nig(ali)a = Nijaylah ?
15 to Ampalaontes
28 to Hadrianopolis
=== Niciou Problem ===
Niciou would then be on the wrong Eastern side of the main branch of the Nile River heading to the Lake Maerotis, whereas the Peutinger map shows it on the western side. To explain this, we'd have to hypothesize that the Nile changed course, and once entered that make further east, near to the Cochlea-spiral.

Nikίou ?
ἀπ᾿ ἀνατολῶν πρὸς τῷ Μεγάλῳ ποταμῷ, . . .μητρόπολις Νικίου .
ἀp᾿ ἀnatolon prὸs to Megάlo potamo, . . .mitrόpolis Nikίou .
To the east of the great river . . . of the metropolis of Niciou.
Niciou = Diciour = Dikiris ?
Niciou = Nierouh = An Naurah (3 miles S) ?
Niciou = Heechioul = Haychal = Ezbet Abd El-Ghany Haykal (3 miles SW) ?

Naucratis

Naucratis
Ναύκρατις = Naucratis
Naucratis (Ptolemy) = Naucrato (Peutinger)
Naucratis = El Achrak* = An Nuqrash ?
This is the accepted site of Naukratis, where a 4th century BC stele was found.
32 from Melcati
43 from Nicio
Listed on the W side of the river.

Naucratis
Ναύκρατις = Naucratis
Naucratis (Ptolemy) = Haucrato (Peutinger)
Naucratis = Nauclatis = Nakhla ?
32 from Melcati
43 from Nicio

Ναύκρατις = Naucratis
Naucratis (Ptolemy) = Haucrato (Peutinger)
Naucratis = El Achrak* = Izbat Al Aql ?
Naucratis = El Achrak* = Ash Shawkah?
Naucratis = El Achrak* = Zahra El-Bahareya ?
32 from Melcati
43 from Nicio

Melcati
Παλαιμάρεια κώμη
Palaimareia come
Old Mareia village
Palaimareia (Ptolemy) = Malhiat = Melcati (Peutinger) ?
Melcati = Marcatzia = Al Qaryah Al Markaziyyah ?
24 [but should be 34] to ⛰
32 to Naucrati

Lighthouse
Lighthouse of Alexandria
1 of the 7 Wonder of the Ancient World.

Main Nile Valley
As the W Nile Valley, or "Upper Sequence" in the Pic below.
=== Great Confutation ===
The Peutinger map seems to have confused:
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S of it), ending the lower sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case. (Continued below...) Not just Peutinger therefore, but Ptolemy seems to have also made the same mistake. Assuming that both Lykon & Lyon are at Latitude 28, it has then made the sudden jump to naming cities that are suddenly 120+ miles south. Thus there is a great void (See gray area on map).
=== Proposed solution ===
It seems that everything south of Lyconpolis, with the sole exception perhaps of Crocodilopolis, is 100 miles to the South, beyond the void. This includes the the nomes of . . .
Aphroditopolites, West of the river, with the cities of
Aphrodites
Thenites, West of the river, with the cities of
Ptolemais of Hermes
Abydos
Diopolites, (etc, on down the Nile)
Antaiopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Antaiou
Passalos
Panopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Panopolis
Lepidoton
Chenoboscia
Kaine Polis
Coptipolites, (etc, on down the Nile)

N Section

Memphis
Μέμφις = Memphis
=== Anne Catherine Emmerich on Memphis ===
Memphis lay west of the Nile, which was at that point very broad and contained some islands. A part of the city lay also on this [eastern] side of the river and, in Pharao's time, a large palace with gardens and high towers, from which Pharao's daughter often looked out on the country around. I saw the spot upon which, among the tall bulrushes, the child Moses was found. Memphis was like three cities in one, for it was built on both sides of the Nile, and appeared also to be connected with Babylon, a city lying eastward of the river and nearer to its mouth. In Pharao's time, the country in general around the Nile between Heliopolis, Babylon, and Memphis, was so covered with high stone dams and buildings, and so linked together by canals, that those three cities presented the appearance of one large city. But at the time of the Holy Family, all were separate, immense wastes intervening between them.

1 - Green
As Option 1 for the W Nile Valley, or "Upper Sequence" in the Pic below. This option 1 is better, because its sites are further north, therefore next to the Faiyum oasis, something that Ptolemy explicitly affirms:
οἷς νομοῖς προςγράφονται οἱ δύο Οασῖται.
hoἷs nomoῖs prosgrάfontai oἱ dύo Oasῖtai.
to which realms [Hermes, Phylakai, & Antinoos] are ascribed the 2 oases.
=== Great Confutation ===
The Peutinger map seems to have confused:
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S of it), ending the lower sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case. (Continued below...) Not just Peutinger therefore, but Ptolemy seems to have also made the same mistake. Assuming that both Lykon & Lyon are at Latitude 28, it has then made the sudden jump to naming cities that are suddenly 120+ miles south. Thus there is a great void (See gray area on map).
=== Proposed solution ===
It seems that everything south of Lyconpolis, with the sole exception perhaps of Crocodilopolis, is 100 miles to the South, beyond the void. This includes the the nomes of . . .
Aphroditopolites, West of the river, with the cities of
Aphrodites
Thenites, West of the river, with the cities of
Ptolemais of Hermes
Abydos
Diopolites, (etc, on down the Nile)
Antaiopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Antaiou
Passalos
Panopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Panopolis
Lepidoton
Chenoboscia
Kaine Polis
Coptipolites, (etc, on down the Nile)

Path - N section
As Option 1 for the W Nile Valley, or "Upper Sequence" in the Pic below.
=== Great Confutation ===
The Peutinger map seems to have confused:
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S of it), ending the lower sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case. (Continued below...) Not just Peutinger therefore, but Ptolemy seems to have also made the same mistake. Assuming that both Lykon & Lyon are at Latitude 28, it has then made the sudden jump to naming cities that are suddenly 120+ miles south. Thus there is a great void (See gray area on map).
=== Proposed solution ===
It seems that everything south of Lyconpolis, with the sole exception perhaps of Crocodilopolis, is 100 miles to the South, beyond the void. This includes the the nomes of . . .
Aphroditopolites, West of the river, with the cities of
Aphrodites
Thenites, West of the river, with the cities of
Ptolemais of Hermes
Abydos
Diopolites, (etc, on down the Nile)
Antaiopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Antaiou
Passalos
Panopolites, East of the river, with the cities of
Panopolis
Lepidoton
Chenoboscia
Kaine Polis
Coptipolites, (etc, on down the Nile)

Tasdri ?
Tasdri = Thazeri = Chazeret = Geziret* = Abou El-Gheit ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas nao

Port Ptolemais / Telmi
ὅρμος Πτολεμαΐς
Hormos Ptolemais
Port Ptolemais
Ptolemais (Ptolemy) = Telmi (Peutinger)
Ptolemais = Turemais = Kafr Tahormes* = Kafr Tuhurmis
Ptolemais = Telemi = Telmi
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map
The maps seem to show an illegible prefix preceding "Ptolemais."
It looks like "Starto-"; or perhaps it is
the "Stratonici," appended to "Babylon," on the Peutinger map; or perhaps it is
an early form of "Saqqara," where the Giza pyramids are.
12 to Memphis (often misread 41, but the lowercase "L" is an "I")
20 to Acori (but an "x" looks like a "c," and so it looks like 90); but it should instead be 30 to there (An "x" is missing).

Acoris

Acoris
Ακορίς ή 'Aκωρις
Acoris he Acoris
Acoris (Ptolemy) = Acori (Peutinger)
Acoris = Achrhis = Akshish = Al Akhsas ?
17, but probably should be 7, to Antino
90, but should be 20 (the "XC" should be "XX" ), to Telmi
Longitude: 62
Latitude: 28+1/2 - Fits right in with the surrounding cities.
This site is best because its latitude is correct, and it is the correct distance to Telmi.

Acoris - 28.5
Ακορίς ή 'Aκωρις
Acoris he Acoris
Acoris (Ptolemy) = Acori (Peutinger)
Acoris = Acur = Askur
Acoris = Aqurash = Al Aqwaz (6 miles N) ?
Longitude: 62
17, but probably should be 7, to Antino
90, but would have to be 30, to Telmi, in other words, both "XC" should be "XX," and then also another "X" is missing.

Acoris - 28.5
Ακορίς ή 'Aκωρις
Acoris he Acoris
Acoris (Ptolemy) = Acori (Peutinger)
Acoris = Aqohish = Aqowaz* = Al Aqwas ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map
17, but probably should be 7, to Antino
90, but would have to be 25 (the "XC" would hve to be "XX," and then another "V" would have to be missing), to Telmi

Antinoou / Antino
Αντινόου πόλις
Antinoou polis
Antinoou (Ptolemy) = Antino (Peutinger)
Antinoi* = Ant-noi = Ath-nowi = Atch-nawy = Al-Ashmawy (العشماوي)
* "-I" in Latin, and "-OU" in Greek are Genative.
Named after the male lover of Hadrian.
17 to Acori.
12 to Lyonpoli, but should be 20 (the "II" should be "X").

Lykon / Lyonpoli
Λύκων = Lykon
Lykon (Ptolemy) = Lyonpoli (Peutinger)
Lykon = El Lahoun* = Al Lahun
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map
Latitude: 28+?? - The fractional remainder must be missing from the Ptolemaic index click transfer, since the city would not be listed 5/6 of a degree south of the latitude of Hypsele (28+5/6), which is probably right beside it, or maybe south of it, but certainly not north of it, else the cities would be listed in reverse order.
Lyconpoli, here at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S), ending the lower sequence.
It seems that everything south of Lyconpolis, with the sole exception perhaps of Crocodilopolis, is 100 miles to the South, after the void. This includes the the nomes of . . .

Panόpolis ?
Πανόπολις ( ἢ Πανῶν πόλις )
Panόpolis (he Panon pόlis )
Panόpolis (or Panon pόlis )
Panόpolis (Ptolemy) = Panopoli (Peutinger)
Panon = "of all" = liljamie (للجميع) = Zawiyat Al-Jedami ( الجدامي،) ?
17, but should be 27 to Ananu.

Ananu
Ananu Haynahu = Bhaynahu = Al Bayahu ?

Great Void
Notice how the green Peutinger path (as option 1 for the W Side of the Nile Valley, or "Upper Sequence" in pic below) ends just North of this void, even as the . . .
Plum (as option 2 for the W Side of the Nile Valley, or "Upper Sequence" in pic below),
Red (as the Central side of the Nile Valley, or "Lower Sequence" in pic below), and
Black (as the E Side of the Nile Valley) . . .
Peutinger paths continue next to it. The void (at least here in the Peutinger map) is where the green path would be. But if the plum line is true (W Side of the Nile Valley, option 2), then there isn't any Void. The problem is that the Option 1 cities are much more likely than the Option 2 ones, which calls for the void to exist.

2 - Plum
As Option 2 for the W Nile Valley, or "Upper Sequence" in the Pic below. This option 2 is worse, because its sites are further south, therefore too far away from the Faiyum oasis, something that Ptolemy however affirms:
οἷς νομοῖς προςγράφονται οἱ δύο Οασῖται.
hoἷs nomoῖs prosgrάfontai oἱ dύo Oasῖtai.
to which realms [Hermes, Phylakai, & Antinoos] are ascribed the 2 oases.

Path
As Option 2 for the W Nile Valley, or "Upper Sequence" in the Pic below.

Tasdri ?
Tasdri = Tahsdur = Tarshubuh = Tarshub ?
Tasdri = Thahzeri = Phazareh = Fazarh (3 miles NNW)?
Tasdri = Thashdara = Dhesharha = Dishashah (6 miles NWW)?
Tasdri = Thashdara = Ash-tharah = Al Asakrah (3 miles SWW)?
Tasdri = Dhashireh = Zhash-iraht = Jazirat al Fuqqa'i (4 miles S)?

Telmi

Telmi ?
Telmi = Tahmdi = Tahmbdi = El Tanbidi* ?

Telmi ?
Telmi = Tahmbe = Tahnbuh = El Tanbu* ?

Telmi ?
Telmi = Tahlahneh = El Taleh* ?

Telmi = Tehlaneh = Keum Tahaneh* ?

Telmi = Tehelamit = Taha Al Amidah ?

Acori ?
Acori = Hacheri = Kom Buha Bahari ?

Lyonpoli - 28
Λύκων πόλις = Lukon Polis.
Written "Ty(c)onpoli," on the Peutinger maps,
but this should be Lyconpoli (see Wikipedia, below).
Lukon Polis (Ptolemy) = Ty(c)onpoli (Peutinger)
Lyconpoli = Liyyo ?
Note that Asyut is too far for the Peutinger map distances, but Liyyo is still in its greater vicinity.
Lyonpoli (here, as modern Liyyo), ending the lower sequence, with
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun, 115 miles N), ending the upper sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case.
=== Wikipedia on Asyut ===
In Graeco-Roman Egypt, it was called Lycopolis or Lykopolis (Greek: Λυκόπολις, "ἡ Λύκων πόλις"),[4] ('wolf city') Lycon,[5] or Lyco.[6][7]

μητρόπολις Πανόπολις ( ἢ Πανῶν πόλις )
metropolis Panopolois (he Panon polis)
Thge metropolis Panopolois (or Panon polis)
Panopolis (Ptolemy) = Panopoli (Peutinger)
Panopolis = Baniphela* = Bani Helal (ببنى هلال)
* See pic here.
17 from Ananu.
Ptolemy has it on the East side of the River, but Peutinger on the West.

Ananu
Ananu = Waninah
17 from Panopolis
28, but should be 38, from Cenoboscio

S Section

Path - S section
Where the green & plum paths agree.

Χηνοβοσκία = Chenoboscia
Chenoboscia (Ptolemy) = Cenoboscio (Peutinger)
Ptolemy puts it on the East side of the river, but the Peutinger map on the West side of the river.
Chenoboscia = Al Baskiyyah
14 (easily misread as 43, but the lowercase "-L-" is actually an "-I-".)
128, not 28, from Ananu. (A "C-" is missing; or perhaps the final final "-o" in "Chenoboscio" is supposed to be a "C-".)
=== Wikipedia on Sheneset-Chenoboskion ===
The Nag Hammadi library, a collection of 2nd-century Gnostic manuscripts discovered in 1945, was found in the Nile cliffs to the north-west.[6] . . .
People moved to the region to be near Saint Anthony the Great. . . .
The only remains of masonry consist of a dilapidated quay, amidst whose ruins is a stone bearing a Greek inscription, apparently of the time of Antoninus Pius; from which we learn that the individual, by whose order it was sculptured, had executed some work "at his own expense;" ...[3]

Hormucopto
Karnak = Khurnaqopto = Harnacopto = Hormucopto.
Copt Law (Κοπτίτης νομὸς) is an entire region in this area, so Hormucopto could be anywhere, not necessarily near Coptis Polis.
"Thebon Diospolis Megale" (Ptolemy) = "Diospolis que Tibe" (Peutinger)
This site is 43 miles from Diospolis (above). That means that the Peutinger map messed up, and reversed the distances:
Diospolis to Hormucopto should be 43, not 25.
Hormocopto to Cenoboscio should be 25, not 43.
But again they messed up, and added one too many "X"s, so it's actually only 15 miles away.

"Thebon...Dios Polis Megale"
Διὸς πόλις μεγάλη
Diὸs pόlis megάle
Great divine city
Luxor = "Thebon...Dios Polis Megale" (Ptolemy) = "Diospoli que Tibe" (Peutinger)
=== Ptolemy ===
Θηβών νομός, και μητρόπολις Διός πόλις μεγάλη
"Thebon nomos, kai metropolis Dios Polis Megale"
"The Theban's' law, and the metropolis "Great Divine City"
=== Peutinger ===
"Diospoli que Tibe"
"Disopoli and Thebes"

Tentyra #2
Τέντυρα = Tentyra
Hathor = Thatura = Tentyra
Hathor = Hathpur = Ethfur = Edfu
This is the Peutinger Tentyra. The Ptolemaic one is 70 miles further north, at Denderah. See Wikipedia below.
16 to Lato 36 to Diospoli que Tibe 20 (Should be 30: An "X" is missing) to Ombo.
=== Wikipedia on the Temple of Edfu ===
The temple of Edfu is the largest temple dedicated to Horus and Hathor of Dendera. It was the center of several festivals sacred to Horus. Each year, "Hathor travelled south from her temple at Denderah [i.e, 70 miles North] to visit Horus at Edfu [i.e, here], and this event marking their sacred marriage was the occasion of a great festival and pilgrimage."

Omb(r)oi
Όμβοι ή Όμβροι
Omb(r)oi (Ptolemy) = Ombos (Peutinger)
Omb(r)oi = Umbu
Plotted at the Temple Of Ombo on the riverbank.

Syene
Συήνη
Syene = Asuene = Aswan
(1st Cataract, A.k.a. Aswan)

Spelci ?
ψέλκις = Pselcis
Pselcis (Ptolemy) = Spelci (Peutinger)
42 from Syene
Pselcis / Psellis on some maps.
Psellis = Pserrees = Bereens = Birein ?
"Babble"

Meta-Compso / Heraficamino?
Μετακομψώ = Metacompso = "With manners"
Metacompso (Ptolemy) = Herasicamino (Peutinger) ?
6 from the assumed position of Psel(l)ci(s).
[Positioned here where the black volcanic rock stops, and the plains start.]
=== Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geogrpahy (1854) ===
TACHOMPSO (Ταχομψώ, Hdt. 2.29; Tacompsos, Plin. Nat. 6.29. s. 33; Mela, 1.9.2), a town in the Regio Dodecaschoenus, S. of Aegypt and the Cataracts. It stood upon an island of the Nile, and was inhabited by a mixed colony of Aegyptians and Aethiopians. The Coptic word Tachempsa signifies “the place of many crocodiles.” Tachompso was seated on the E. bank of the river, lat. 23° 12′ N., nearly opposite the town of Pselcis. As Pselcis increased, Tachompso declined, so that it at last was regarded as merely a suburb of that town, and went by the name of Contra-Pselcis. Though supposed by some to have been near the modern village of Conzo in Lower Nubia, it is impossible to reconcile any known locality with the ancient descriptions of this place. Heeren (African Nations, vol. i. pp. 346, 383) supposes it to have been either at the island Kalabshe (Talmis) or 20 miles further S. as Ghyrshe. Herodotus (l.c.) describes the island on which Tachompso stood as a plain contiguous to a vast lake. But neither such a lake nor island now appear in this part of the Nile's course. The lake may have been the result of a temporary inundation, and the island gradually undermined and carried away by the periodical floods.

Central Nile Valley - Red
As "Lower Sequence" in the Pic below.

Path
Central Nile Valley Path, or "Lower sequence" in the pic.

Babilonia Stratonicidi
Βαβυλών
Babylon
Babylon (Ptolemy) = Babilonia Stratonicidi (Peutinger)
Babylon = Boulaq* = Bab All Louq ?
Babylon = Embabeh* = Imbabah (3 miles NW) ?
Babylon = Garden City ?
36 [but should be 26] to Simiati
[Note: the "24" isn't from here to anywhere, but only from Lake Mori to Arsinoe & Clisma.]
? to Memphis
72 to Venne
=== Anne Catherine Emmerich ===
Memphis was like three cities in one, for it was built on both sides of the Nile, and appeared also to be connected with Babylon, a city lying eastward of the river and nearer to its mouth. In Pharao's time, the country in general around the Nile between Heliopolis, Babylon, and Memphis, was so covered with high stone dams and buildings, and so linked together by canals, that those three cities presented the appearance of one large city. But at the time of the Holy Family, all were separate, immense wastes intervening between them.
The holy travelers proceeded northward from Troja along the river toward Babylon, a dirty, low lying city. Between the Nile and Babylon, they took the route by which they had come and returned a distance of about two hours. [Should be: "They took the route LONGITUDINALLY between the Nile and Babylon by which they had come and returned NORTHWARD DOWN THE NILE a distance of about two hours." ] Buildings in ruins were scattered here and there along the whole road. After crossing a small branch of the river, or a canal, they reached Matarea, which was built upon a tongue of land jutting out into the Nile. The river bathed the city on two sides. It was, in general, a wretched enough place, built only of date-wood and solid mud covered with rushes. Joseph found plenty of work here.
Only the poorest Jews dwelt here in Babylon, and that in the most wretched dens and caves. But in the Jewish settlement between On and the Nile, they were numerous and better off. They had a regular temple, for they had lapsed into frightful idolatry. They had a golden calf, a figure with an ox's head, around which were ranged other representations of animals like polecats, or ferrets. These last mentioned animals defend people against the crocodile. (Ichneumon). They had, too, an imitation of the Ark of the Covenant and horrible things in it. The idolatry they practiced was of the most shameful kind and, in a subterranean hall, they carried on the most infamous wickedness, deluded by the hope that from it their messiah should come forth. They were exceedingly stiff-necked, and would not be converted. Later on, however, many of them left that settlement and went to Babylon, about two hours distant. In doing so, they could not, on account of the numerous dykes and canals, travel by a straight road; they had to make a detour around On.

Venne

Venne
Venne = Beni Suef
72 to Memphis
6 to Sinotu

Venne
Venne = Whanna = Hanna = Nazlet Hanna Hanna (حنا)

Sinottũ

Sinottũ
Sinottũ = Sinottorum
Sinottorum = Sannur ?
6 to Venne

Sinottũ
Sinottũ = Sinottorum
Sinottorum = Shinara ?

Ptolemaidonar

Ptolemaΐs of Hermes / Ptolemaidonar ?
Πτολεμαΐς ἡ ῾Ερμείου
Ptolemaΐs he Hermeίou
The Ptolemaΐs of Hermes
Ptolemaΐs he Hermeίou (Ptolemy) = Ptolemaidonar (Peutinger) = Ptolemaisxxiii* (Peutinger) ?
* "xxiii" would be the distance to the next city.
Ptolemaidonar = Donar = Dahnar = Dahmaru ?
6 from Heracleo
23 from Sinottu? (See proposed typo "Ptolemaisxxiii," above.)

Ptolemaΐs of Hermes / Ptolemaidonar ?
Πτολεμαΐς ἡ ῾Ερμείου
Ptolemaΐs he Hermeίou
The Ptolemaΐs of Hermes
Ptolemaΐs he Hermeίou (Ptolemy) = Ptolemaidonar (Peutinger)
Hermes = Ahrmeh = Nagaa El-Kom El-Ahmar ?
Ptolemaidonar = Donar = Dahmar = Nagaa El-Kom El-Ahmar ?
Ptolemaΐs = Talebit = Izbat Talt (2 miles E)?
Ptolemaΐs = Talebit = Tala (3 miles E)?
Should be at least 16, not 6 from Heracleo. Maybe an "-X-" is missing?
Longitude: 61+5/6 - This location is worse, because we would expect a Longitude further east: Compare to Abydos at 61+1/3.

Heraclea

Heraclea
Heraclea = Aclea = Aqliyyah = Izbat Al Aqliyyah ?

Heraclea
Heraclea = Alceulea = Al Civlia = Shimm Al Basal Al Qibliyyah ?
Heraclea = Ghercleis = Ezbet Gergis ?

Heracleum
Heraclea = Chelaclea = Shalqulah = Saqulah ?
Heraclea = Chelaclea = Shalqulah = Shulqam ?

Senchi ?
Senchi = Zenshi = Dzemshi = Damshir ?
20 to Tamonti
35, not 25 to Heracleo.

Tamonti
Tamonti = Montit = Mantut ?
Tamonti = Monthit = Monchat = Monshaat Debes (4 miles E) ?
44 to Lyonpoli
210, but should be 15 (An "-x" should be a "-v"), to Senchi

Lyonpoli
Λύκων πόλις = Lukon Polis.
Lyconpoli (see Wikipedia, below).
Lukon Polis (Ptolemy) = Lyonpoli (Peutinger)
Lyconpoli = Liyyo ?
Note that Asyut is too far for the Peutinger map distances, but Liyyo is still in its greater vicinity.
Lyonpoli (here, as modern Liyyo), ending the lower sequence, with
Lyconpoli, at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun, 115 miles N), ending the upper sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case.
=== Wikipedia on Asyut ===
In Graeco-Roman Egypt, it was called Lycopolis or Lykopolis (Greek: Λυκόπολις, "ἡ Λύκων πόλις"),[4] ('wolf city') Lycon,[5] or Lyco.[6][7]

E Nile Valley - Black
As the neither the "Upper Sequence" nor the "Lower Sequence" in the Pic below, but as the cities below it, on the other side of the river.

Pheruce
Pheruce = As Phelaq = Siflaq ?
24, but should be 34 (An "-X-" is missing), to Affrodites.
12, but should be 41 (The first "-I-" should be a lowercase "-L-") to Hormucopto.

Aphrodites polis

᾿Αφροδίτης πόλις
Aphrodites polis
Aphrodite's city
Aphrodites (Ptolemy) = Affrodites (Peutinger)
But Ptolemy has it on the W side of the river, Peutinger on the E.
Aphrodites polis = Afrodatha = Afodratha = Al Afadraha ?
24, but should be 34 (An "x" is missing), to Pheruce
20, but should be 15 (An "x" should be a "v"), to Didymus
May or may not be the same Aphrodites as Ptolemy's Aphrodites city & nome, which is listed among the cities on the other side of the river, and maybe 125 miles N of here, next to Crocodilopolis.

Affrodites ?
Affrodites = Ahr-ffrah = Ashraffah = Al Asraf Ash Sharqiyyah ?

Didymus

Dydymos
Didymus = "Double" or "Twin," in Greek, like "Bi-," and "Di-"
Didymus = Dheidima = Tehemeh* = Al Fayma ?
Didymus = Awij** + Didima = Al Wij-idiya = Al Wilidiyyah ? (3 miles SWW)
Didymus = Binimuh = Bani*** Murr (2 miles W) ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map.
** Arabic for "couple"
*** But Bani is a very common town name, around here, not at all proper to a single location.
20 from Affrodites.

Dydymos ?
Didymus = Hadidina = Chadidiha = Arab Al Qadadih ?

Conpasin
Conpasin = Chan-phash = Shanabhahh = Ash Shanablah
15 from Didymos
22 from Dios

Dios ?
Διὸς πόλις μικρά
Dios polis micra
Little Divine City
Dios = Dayrout ?
24 to Dios
22, but should be 32 (An "-X-" is missing), to Xeron

Xeron ?
Xeron = Axseria = Bachsaria = Al Matahrah Al Bahariyyah ?
Xeron = Axseria = Bachsaria = Al Matahrah Al Bahari (3 miles SW) ?
24 to Philacon
24 to Dios

Philacon
Philacon = Al Faruqiyyah
24 to Xeron
24 to Apollonus

Apollonos
Apollo's
Apollonos = Phalounush = Charonneh* = Sharounuh = Jazirat** Sharunah ?
Apollonos = Phalounush = Charonneh* = Sharounuh = Sharunah (3 miles S) ?
**Jazirat means "island"
24 to Philacon
27 to Cabau

Cabau
Cabau = Chawbah** = Shahbah = Kafr* Abu Shahbah ?
Cabau = Chawbah** = Shahbach = Ash Shubk (2 miles NNE) ?
Cabau = Chabbah** = Shahbach = Qunbash Al Hamra (2 miles SE) ?
Cabau = Chahbah = Qalha (4 miles NW) ?
Cabau = Chahbah = Qalha = Qillah (1 mile N) ?
Cabau = Chahbhai = Karhai = Kurayyim ?
*Kafr means "village"
** On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map
27 to Apollonus
20 or 23 to Cennonydroma

Cennonydroma

Cennonydroma ?
Κενον δρομα (?) / Antinowi droma (?)
Cennonydroma
"Empty race-course (?) / Antinous' race-course (?)
Cennonydroma = Camnoni Adarhona = Qamni Al Arhouha = Qamn Al Arous ?
20 or 23 to Cabau
22 to Pernicide Portum.

Cennonydroma ?
Κενον δρομα (?) / Antinowi droma (?)
Cennonydroma
"Empty race-course (?) / Antinous' race-course (?)
Cennonydroma = Chahn-nont = Chamont = Achmant = Ashmant ?
Cennonydroma = Chah-nont = Charh-mat = El Kureimat* ?
*Power plant 5 miles NNE
22 (but should be 32) from Pernicide Portum.
May be slightly further north.

Cennonydroma ?
Κενον δρομα (?) / Antinowi droma (?)
"Empty race-course (?) / Antinous' race-course (?)
Cennonydroma = Khurman
Cennonydroma = El Kureimat (power plant 4 miles S) ?

Cennonydroma = Ken*-deron = Kandelah = Kandeel ?
Cennonydroma = Ken*-dron = Kud-dara = Al Kuddaya ?
Cennonydroma = Ken*-dron = Ke-durah = Quturi ? * A common shortened form of Κενον

Pernicide Portum
This could be Antinoos, if either of the 2 Latin Etymologies below, is correct.
It could be Pernicide Portum, if either Latin Etymology #2, or the Greek Etymology, is correct.
=== Possible Latin Etymology #1 of 2 ===
Antinoos (male lover of Hadrian) = Femininus = El Fehemiin* = Al Fahmiyyin ?
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map. Perhaps a reference to the
=== Possible Latin Etymology #2 of 2 ===
Pernicies (Latin "Pernicious") = Pernici-της** (Greek ending: "One who is Pernicious") = Pernicide Portum ?
** - This is very unlikely, since we'd rather expect a full Greek word, or full Latin word, not a Greek ending on a Latin word.
=== Possible Greek Etymology ===
φαρμακίτης (?) = Pharmacites
'Thorugh-[potion]-mixer's' port / "Magi's port"
Pharmacites = Pharh-maggedi* = Fah-majji* = Al Fehemiin** = Al Fahmiyyin ?
Pharmacites = Pernicide
** On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map
22 to Cennonydroma.
The noteworthy elements in this proposed etymology are:
that Pernicide is a Latin word, but has the wrong declensional ending. We would expect it to be a form of either:
5th declension "Pernicies, Perniciei" ("Destruction/Ruin")
3rd declension "Pernix, Pernicis" ("Swift")
However it does neither of these, suggesting that it is a Latin copy of the older Greek root
Φαρμακίτης = Pharmacites = "Pharmacist"
an alternate form of
Φαρμακος, Φαρμακου (Pharmacos, Pharmacou) = [See Septuagint below]
Φαρμακευς, Φαρμακεως (Pharmaceus, Pharmaceos) = "Drug-dealer/Sorcerer/Poisoner"
whose phoneme "-μακ-" (= "-mag-") hearkens to Magi/Maji, as when the Bible (Septuagint) says, in Exodus 22:18, "You shall not suffer a pharmacist (sorcerer/potion-mixer) to live."
that the quite likely town Fahmiyyin has 2 letter "-y-"s, which is very unusual, suggeting prior "-j-"s, further confirming the sound, and thus interpretation of Pernicide / Fahmiyyin as referring to "Magi/Maji."

Lykon / Lyonpoli
Λύκων = Lykon
Lykon (Ptolemy) = Lyonpoli (Peutinger)
Lykon = El Lahoun* = Al Lahun
Latitude: 28+?? - The fractional remainder must be missing from the Ptolemaic index click transfer, since the city would not be listed 5/6 of a degree south of the latitude of Hypsele (28+5/6), which is probably right beside it, or maybe south of it, but certainly not north of it, else the cities would be listed in reverse order.
Lyconpoli, here at the Faiyyum oasis (as modern Lahun), ending the upper sequence, with
Lyonpoli, (as modern Liyyo, 115 miles S), ending the lower sequence.
Thus it wrongly draws both sequences as ending at the same city (circled in green), but this is not the case. Not just Peutinger therefore, but Ptolemy seems to have also made the same mistake. Assuming that both Lykon & Lyon are at Latitude 28, it has then made the sudden jump to naming cities that are suddenly 120+ miles south. Thus there is a great void (See gray area on map).
It seems that everything south of Lyconpolis, with the sole exception perhaps of Crocodilopolis, is 100 miles to the South, after the void. This includes the the nomes of . . .

Xeron ?
Xeron = Axseria = Bachsaria = Al Matahrah Al Bahariyyah ?
Xeron = Axseria = Bachsaria = Al Matahrah Al Bahari (3 miles SW) ? 24 from Philacon (Heracleo)

Philacon
Philacon (Peutinger) = Heracleo (Peutinger) ?

Cabau ?

Κενον δρομα (?)
"Empty race-course"
"Farigha alsibaq" (فارغة السباق), in Arabic
Farigha = Furiqah = Ezbet Furqan ?

Pernicide Port ?
Pernicide Portum (?)
"Pernicious Port"
Pernicide = Berneicha = Bireisha = Bireisha ?

Abydos ?
Αβυδος = Abydos
Abydos = Habaidhash = Ash Sheikh Shibaykah ?

Israel

Pelousion
Πηλούσιον πόλις
Pelousion Polis
Pelousion (Ptolemy) = Pilusio (Peutinger)
Pelousion = Pelusium
36 [but should be 46] to Phacusi
8 to Gerra
River mouth's & city's location:
Delta's location:
Click "Unclaimed Sea" area, to the North, for relationship to other mouths & rivers.
Here located at the "Ruines de Peluse" on 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas.

Gerra
Γέῤῥον ὅριον
Gerron orion
"Gerron border"
Gerron (Ptolemy) = Gerra (Peutinger)
Gerra = Ger-rha = Gel-bha = Gelbana / Jalbaneh
Here located at the "Ruines de Tell El Her" on 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas.

Cassio(n)
Κάσσιον = Cassion
Cassion (Ptolemy) = Cassio (Peutinger)
Cassion = Catsiah = Bir Qatia

Ostracina
Οστρακίνη = Ostracina
Ostracina (Ptolemy) = Ostracina (Peutinger)
Ostracina = Oz-tharanica = Zaranica = Zaraniq

Rinocor(o)ura
Ρινοκορούρα = Rinocoroura
Rinocoroura (Ptolemy) = Rinocorura (Peutinger)
Rinocorura = Cahrurha = Ahrusha = El Arich* = Arish
* On 1818 Rumsey Historical Atlas map, which explicitly labels it as "Rhinocorura."

Askalon
Ασκαλών
Askalon (Ptolemy) = Askalone (Peutinger)
Askalon = Ashkelon ?
15 to Rinocorura
16 to Betrogabri
12 to Azoton

Azoton
"Αζωτος
Azotus
Azotus (Ptolemy) = Azoton (Peutinger)
Azotus = Ashdod
12 to Ascalone
10 to Iamnia
12 to Luddis

Iamnia
Ιάμνεια
Iamneia
(32, 65.67)
Ιαμινειτών λιμήν
Iamnieiton Limen
Lake/Port of the Jamnians
(32, 65.58)
Jamneia (Ptolemy) =
= Iamnieiton Limen (Ptolemaic revision) =
= Iamnia (Peutinger)
Jamneia = Yavna
10 to Azoton
12 to Ioppe

Ioppe
Ιόππη
Ioppa
Joppa (Bible & Emmerich) = Ioppa (Ptolemy) = Ioppe (Peutinger)
Joppa = Jaffa = Avva = Tel Aviv
12 to Iamnia
? to Appolloniade
=== Anne Catherine Emmerich ===
James the Greater was one of the first of the Apostles who, after the division of the different countries had been made, left Jerusalem and started for Spain. I saw him on his departure in Bethlehem, where he concealed himself in the Crib Cave and then with his companions secretly wandering through the country, for there were spies in search of them with orders to prevent their leaving Palestine. But James had friends in Joppa, and he succeeded in embarking. He sailed first to Ephesus in order to visit Mary, and thence to Spain. Shortly before his death, he visited Mary and John a second time in their home at Ephesus. Here Mary told him that his death would soon take place in Jerusalem. She encouraged and consoled him. James took leave of her and his brother John, and started for Jerusalem.

Appolloniade
Απολλωνία
Apollonia
Apollonia (Ptolemy) = Appolloniade (Peutinger)
? to Ioppe
22 to Cesaria

Cesaria
Καισάρεια Στράτωνος
Caisareia Stratonos
Caesarea Maritima
Caisareia Stratonos (Ptolemy) = Cesaria (Peutinger)
22 to Appolloniade
12 [but should be 41] to Luddis
31 to Neapoli
28 [but should be 18] to Caporcotam
8 to Thora

Dor / Naphath
Δώρα
Dora
Sur* (Judith 2:28) = Dor (Bible) = Dora (Ptolemy) = Thora (Peutinger) ?
* Sur is doubtful, being more likely to apply to Sichor-Libnath, north of Acre.
8 to Cesaria
20 [But should be 30] to Ptolemais

Ptolemaide
Πτολεμαΐς
Ptolemais
Ptolemais (Ptolemy) = Ptolemaide (Peutinger) = Acre

Interior

Rasa
Γέρασα
Gerasa
Gerasa (Ptolemy) = Rasa (Peutinger)
Gerasa = Helah-sha = Eliphazh = Elifaz
16 to Gypsaria
16 to Addianum

Cypsaria
Γυψαρία
Gypsaria
Gypsaria (Ptolemy) = Cypsaria (Peutinger)
Gypsaria = Gev Isharon
Gypsaria = Shahria = Shaharut
28 from Lysa
16 from Rasa

Lysa
Λύσα
Rissah (Bible*) = Lysa (Ptolemy) = Lysa (Peutinger)
Rissah = Ar-Rishah ?
* 18th Station of the Exodus (Num. 33:21-22).
48 to Oboda
28 to Gypsaria

Eboda

Eboda
Ἐβόδα
[Major 3rd century B.C. (but must surely be older!) acropolis city.]
= Eboda (Ptolemy)*** =
= Oboda (Peutinger)
* 37th Station of the Exodus.
** See alternative possibility, below.
*** On Barrington Atlas.
Eboda = Avudah = Avdat
=== Alternative Possibility for Rehovoth ===
Rehoboth = Rehovot-in-the-Negev = Ruheiba
Rehoboth = Oboth = Oboda
24 to Elusa (then 71 more to Jerusalem)
48 to Lysa (then 76 more to Haila)
Perhaps the Israelites' Exodus detour to here, far to the west, was to wipe out the Canaanites of King Arad, as Israel had vowed to do in Numbers 21:1-3.
And when king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south, heard tell that Israel came by the way of the spies; then he fought against Israel, and took some of them prisoners. And Israel vowed a vow unto the LORD, and said, If thou wilt indeed deliver this people into my hand, then I will utterly destroy their cities. And the LORD hearkened to the voice of Israel, and delivered up the Canaanites; and they utterly destroyed them and their cities: and he called the name of the place Hormah.

Eboda ?
Ἐβόδα = Eboda
Eboda = Abodza = Awodjla = Abu Awijla ?

Elousa ?
Έλουσα
Elousa*
Elousa (Ptolemy) = Elusa (Peutinger)
Elousa = Helausa = Al-Khalasa ?
71 [but should be 61] to Jerusalem
24 to Oboda
* Edom (Idumaea) is drawn way out of place on the maps, far off to the West.

Herusalem Helya Capitolina
Ιεροσόλυμα, η νυν καλουμένη Αιλία Καπιτωλιάς
Hierosolyma, he nun caloumene Ailia Capitolina
Jerusalem, or now called Ailia Capitolina
Antea dicta Herusalem Helya Capitolina
Aelia Capitolina formerly called Jerusalem
Jerusalem (Bible) =
= Hierosolyma/Ailia Capitolina (Ptolemy) =
= Herusalem Helya Capitolina (Peutinger)
24 to Cepararia
71 [but should be 61] to Elusa
53 to Thamaro
16 [but perhaps should be 26] to Cofna
19 to Aniavante
=== Anne Catherine Emmerich ===
[Data too numerous. See her repository, itself.]

Ceperaria
Καπάρορσα = Caparorsa
Caparorsa (Ptolemy) = Ceperaria (Peutinger)
8 to Betrograbri
24 to Herusalem / Helya Capitolina
=== Likely location (here) ===
Caparorsa = Tel Es-Safi (here) ? **
Gath* = Tel Es-Safi (here) ? **
[Location mainly selected by Peutinger distances, and Ptolemaic coordinates, which latter call for it to be even due WEST (impossible, so we've made it Northwest) of Baitogabr(ei/a).]
* See Wikipedia here:
** Tel Es-Safi could indeed be Gath or Caparorsa, regardless of whether it's both.
=== Wikipedia on Kiryat Gat ===
Kiryat Gat is named for Gath, one of the five major cities of the Philistines. In Hebrew, "gat" means "winepress". In the 1950s, archaeologists found ruins at a nearby tell (Tel Erani) which were mistaken for the Philistine city of Gath. The location most favored for Gath now is Tel es-Safi, thirteen kilometers (8.1 miles) to the northeast.[2]
=== Alternative possible Beth Zacharia location (6 miles E) ===
Caphar Zechraria*** = Beth Zacharia (6 miles E) ?
Caphar Zechraria*** = Caparorsa ??****
*** On Barrington Atlas
**** However, this is a fault inference, for Kephar only means "village," so many places could begin "Capar-," not just Caparorsa, which might be at some other "Capar-," other than Caphar Zechraria.
[The battle of 1 Maccabees 6:28-47 nearly requires Beth Zacharia to be here, in order to be 7 miles away from, and yet also in some sense on the Jerusalem side of Beth-Zur, which was being besieged by Lysias. Ignore Josephus who portrays it as occurring in the passes, which would imply yet another currently unknown Beth Zacharia, 7 miles east of Ozensara (Beth Shemesh). But 1 Maccabees clearly puts it down, half "on the plain," and half "on the high hills" (6:40). So it seems that Judas' army took the road west from Bethlehem, which entities out at Beth Zechariah, here, facing the Seleucids to the North, at Ozensara/Beth Shemesh.]
=== Wikipedia on Zekharia ===
Beth Zacharia (on a nearby hill) is said to have existed in Roman times.[2][citation needed] According to legend, the body of the prophet Zechariah was found here in 415 CE and a church and monastery were established in the lower village by the same name.[3] The Madaba Map displays the lower town as the burial site of the prophet Zechariah.[4]

Betogabri
Βαιτογαβρεί ( ή Βαιτογαβρά)
Baitogabrei (he Baitogabra)
Baitogabr(ei/a)
Baitogabrei (Ptolemy) = Betogabri (Peutinger)
Betogabri = Beth Govrin* = Beth Guvrin ?
Betogabri = Eleutheropolis (perhaps 4 miles SE) ?
* In the Barrington Atlas
16 [but should be 21] to Ascalone
8 to Cepararia
=== Anne Catherine Emmerich on Eleutheropolis ===
The Jews that had emigrated from Cyprus to Palestine lived at first in caves, but by degrees their settlement became a city, which received the name of Eleutheropolis. It was situated west of Hebron and not far from the well of Samson. More than once the Jews sought to destroy the little colony, but after every attack of the kind, the inhabitants again returned. The caves lay under the city, so that in times of persecution, the inhabitants could take refuge in them. In the first attack, which was made at the time of the stoning of St. Stephen, when the colony between Ophel and Bethania was destroyed, Mercuria lost her life. The people of this colony often went to the Cenacle and to the church at the Pool of Bethsaida, to carry thither their offerings and contributions, and at the destruction of Ophel they fled to Eleutheropolis. Joses Barsabas, son of Mary Cleophas and her second husband Sabas, became the first Bishop of that city, and there during a persecution he was crucified on a tree.

Aniavante

Aniavante
Αντιπατρίς
Antipatris
Antipatris (Bible, Emmerich & Ptolemy) =
= Anhibahtre = Aniavante (Peutinger) ?
=== Alternative possibility ===
Emmaus* (6 miles SW) = Ammavuh = Amavante (Peutinger) = Amwas* (Nicopolis) ??
However, this alternative possibility is less good, since the Peutinger map clearly shows this East-West spur encountering the main North-South ridge road, NORTH of Jerusalem, whereas, if this East-West spur were Emmaus' road, then it would reach the North-South ridge road directly AT Jerusalem, rather than north of it.
[Kaphar-]Saba = Sava = Sa(f)fa   (See Anne Catherine Emmerich, below)
[Kaphar-]Saba = Chabarzaba** = Habbahsa = Ambaz = Amwas* ?
* Amwas appears on the Rumsey Historical map entitled "Middle_East/Palestine_1861", though it is there plotted down by Emmaus Nicopolis, NOT by Chabarzaba/Antipatris.
** See Wikipedia below
Saffa appears on Rumsey Historical Map entitled "Middle_East/Palestine_1861"
Consistent with Acts 23:23,31-32 below, this is a nightly-long-walkable 13 miles from Jerusalem.
[The traditional location of Antipatris (at 32° 6′ 18″ N, 34° 55′ 49.5″ E) could not possibly be true, since
(1) Acts 23:31 says that the footmen brought him from Jerusalem to Antipatris, in a single night, which would be a 12 mile trip to this location, but a 35 mile trip to the traditional one.
(2) If Cestius was routed all the way to the traditional location, then the Roman army would've been incapable of defending itself on the plain, not just in the mountains, seeing how this Antipatris is where the big mountains finally end.]
Jesus restored sight to several blind persons in Thanath. After that He went with Peter and John through Sichem to Antipatris.
Antipatris was situated near a little river. It was a very beautiful city recently built by Herod in honor of his father, Antipater, on the site of a little place named Kaphar-Saba. During the war with the Machabees, General Lysias encamped at Kaphar-Saba [See Josephus' pronunciation "Chabarzaba" (Hebrew: כפר סבא‎), below], which even at that time was fortified with towers and walls. Being defeated by Judas Machabeus, he came to terms with him here, warded off from Judea the attacks of other nations, and gave large presents for the restoration of the Temple. Antipatris was six hours from the sea. It was Paul's halting place when being led a prisoner to Caesarea. The city was surrounded by uncommonly large trees, while throughout its interior were scattered gardens and magnificent walks. The whole city appeared to be clothed in verdure. The architecture was of pagan style; colonnades, under which one could walk, ran the entire length of the streets.
Jesus left Antipatris with Peter and John and went southward to Ozensara, from four to five hours distant. A Roman garrison was stationed in Antipatris, and there were many large trunks of trees brought hither for transportation to the lake, where ship building was carried on. On their way to Ozensara they encountered many such loads of timber drawn by huge oxen and accompanied by Roman soldiers. The trees of this region also were felled and hewed for the same purpose.
Then he called two of the centurions and said, “At the third hour of the night [9pm] get ready two hundred soldiers with seventy horsemen and two hundred spearmen to go as far as Caesare′a. . . . 31 So the soldiers, according to their instructions, took Paul and brought him by night [13 miles] to Antip′atris. 32 And on the morrow they returned to the barracks, leaving the horsemen to go on with him.
=== WIKIPEDIA on Antipatris ===
According to Josephus, Antipatris was built on the site of an older town that was formerly called Chabarzaba (Hebrew: כפר סבא‎), a place so-named in classical Jewish literature and in the Mosaic of Rehob.[13] During the outbreak of the Jewish war with Rome in 64 CE, the Roman army under Cestius was routed as far as Antipatris.[14]

Aniavante
Emmaus* (6 miles SW) = Ammavuh = Amavante (Peutinger) = Amwas* (Nicopolis) ??
* On Rumsey Historical map entitled "Middle_East/Palestine_1861"
However, this alternative possibility is less good, since the Peutinger map clearly shows this East-West spur encountering the main North-South ridge road, NORTH of Jerusalem, whereas, if this East-West spur were Emmaus' road, then it would reach the North-South ridge road directly AT Jerusalem, rather than north of it.

Luddis
Λύδδα
Lydda
Lydda (Ptolemy) = Luddis (Peutinger)
Lydda = Lud = Lod
12 to Azoton
12 to Amadante
12 to Cesaria

Cofna
Γουφνα
Gouphna
Gouphna (Bible, Emmerich, Ptolemy) = Cofna (Peutinger)
Gophna = Ghepthna = Chethena = [Ein]cheitem ("spring of Cheitem") = Yatma ?
Gophna = Jifna (11 miles SSW) ?
16 [but should be 26] to Herusalem / Helya Capitolina
(18 to Aniavante ?*)
20 [but should be 10] to Neapoli
* Would more likely be 18 to Jerusalem, although Aniavante is indeed 18 miles away from here.
This is also the best candidate for reflecting the Madaba map's depiction of it, as more east than Jerusalem (the ridge top).
[Less likely because it is grouped near Ozensara & Bethoron, which former is certainly on th West, and probably the latter.
Has to be in the land of Ephraim, on uneven ground, a day's journey from Jerusalem, beyond Machemas, and with a little river nearby. The supposed site, modern Jifna (11 miles SSW), cannot be it, because it (1) has no "little river," (2) is only half-a-day's journey from Jerusalem, and (3) isn't in the land of Ephraim.]
[Traveling from Nazareth to Jerusalem] I again saw the holy travelers in the city Bethoron, six leagues from Jerusalem. They had crossed a rivulet, had passed Gophna and Ozensara, and were still distant about two leagues from a road whence Jerusalem could be descried.
He passed Mount Garizim near Samaria, which lay to the left, as He journeyed southward. Toward evening, Jesus entered Gophna, a city on Mount Ephraim. It was built upon very jagged foundations, some high, some low, numerous gardens and pleasure grounds scattered between the houses.
They brought news [to Jesus at BethHoron] that the holy women were celebrating the Sabbath in Machmas, which was situated in a narrow defile four hours to the north [East?] of this place. Machmas was the place at which Jesus in His twelfth year withdrew from His parents and returned to the Temple. Here it was that Mary missed Him and thought that He had gone on to Gophna. Not finding Him at this latter place, she was filled with anxious solicitude, and made her way back to Jerusalem.
The city itself was of some importance, and possessed at this time jurisdiction over a portion of the country around. . . . I think the city belonged to Samaria. It was a day's journey from Gophna to Jerusalem. There was a little river in this region. During the loss of the Boy Jesus in the Temple, the Holy Family went to Gophna in search of Him; for when they missed Him at Machmas, they thought He might perhaps have gone to His relatives there. Mary feared that He had fallen into the little river.
[Travelling from Nazareth] I again saw the holy travelers in the city Bethoron, six leagues from Jerusalem. They had crossed a rivulet, had passed Gophna and Ozensara, and were still distant about two leagues from a road whence Jerusalem could be descried.
=== Modern Website ===
. . . as Titus marched on Jerusalem by way of Caesarea and Samaria, he passed through Gophna (War 5:2, 1). . . .
Eusebius . . . states that it lay (ἡ Γοφνά) fifteen miles from Jerusalem towards Neapolis, in near agreement with the Peutinger Table, which makes it sixteen miles. . . .
It is probably the OPHNI SEE OPHNI (q.v.) of Benjamins (Jos 18:24).
=== Wikipedia on Yatma ===
It has been suggested that this was the place of origin of Dosthai of Kefar Iathma,[5] and that it was the Eincheitem of the Crusader period.[4]

Neapoli
Νεάπολις
Neapolis
Shechem (Bible) =
= Sichar (Emmerich & Bible) =
= Neapolis (Ptolemy) =
= Neapoli (Peutinger)
Neapolis = Nablus
20 to Cofna
32 to Herichonte
On the following day Jesus crossed the little river and, leaving Mount Garizim to the right, approached Sichar. Andrew, James the Greater, and Saturnin accompanied Him, the others having scattered in different directions. Jesus went to the Well of Jacob, on a little hill in the inheritance of Joseph to the north of Mount Garizim and south of Mount Ebal. Sichar lay about a quarter of an hour to the west in a valley which ran along the west side of the city for about an hour. About two good hours northward from Sichar stood the city of Samaria upon a mountain.
Several deeply rutted roads ran from different points around the little hill and up to the octangular buildings that enclosed Jacob's Well, which was surrounded by trees and grassy seats. The springhouse was encircled by an open arched gallery under which about twenty people could find standing room. Directly opposite the road that led from Sichar and under the arched roof was the door, usually kept shut, that opened into the springhouse proper. There was an aperture in the cover of the latter, which could be closed at pleasure. The interior of the little springhouse was quite roomy. The well was deep and surrounded by a stone rim high enough to afford a seat. Between it and the walls, one could walk around freely. The well had a wooden cover, which when opened disclosed a large cylinder just opposite the entrance and lying across the well. On it hung the bucket which was unwound by means of a winch.
she fled down the hill to Sichar, to tell her husband and all whom she met what had happened to her.
Jesus went with them all about a half-hour around the city to the north, and there rested under some trees.
Jesus, leaving Sichar to the right, journeyed about an hour southward to a field around which were scattered twenty shepherd huts and tents.
Jesus now returned with Dina and the other Samaritans to Sichar, a city not very large, but with broad streets and open squares. The Samaritan house of prayer was a finer looking building, more ornamented than the synagogues of small Jewish places. The women of Sichar were not so reserved as the Jewish women; they communicated more freely with the men. s soon as Jesus entered Sichar, He was surrounded by a crowd. He did not go into their synagogue, but taught walking around here and there on the streets, and in one of the squares where there was an orator's chair. Everywhere was the concourse of people very great, and they were full of joy at the Messiah's having come to them. . . . Jesus did not tarry long in Sichar, but went out by the opposite gate and taught here and there among the houses and gardens that extended for some distance along the valley.
=== After the Resurrection ===
Lastly, He bade them go in a couple of days to the region of Sichar, and there proclaim His Resurrection. After that He vanished. I saw the Apostles and disciples going around among one another, perfectly intoxicated with joy. . . .
The Apostles very quickly returned from the region of Sichar.
Peter, Thaddeus, Andrew, and James the Less, I saw after that in another place, where they healed many sick whom lately in the region of Sichar they could not cure. Their fault was that, wishing to imitate the great dignity and reserve of Jesus in His demeanor, they did something extraordinary, they assumed an air of importance. They did not give humbly what they had received, but they gave it as coming from themselves, therefore success was not theirs. But now I saw them (and the sight touched me greatly) humbling themselves, kneeling down by the sick, and begging their pardon for failing to assist them. The sick were all cured. There were people even from Cedar among them. The cured went with the Apostles to Bethania for the Sabbath.

S Jordan

Arsinoe
'Αρσινόη ή 'Αρσιόνη
Arsinoe he Arsione
Arsinoe or Arsione
Arsinoe (Ptolemy) = Arsinoe (Peutinger)
Arsinoe = Ar Sinowet = Al Simawd = Al Semad
? to Babilonia Stratonicidi
24 to Lacus Mori
? to Clisma
Anne Catherine Emmerich describes this city extensively, as on one of the arms of the delta. Plotted here on the West side of the inlet, as shown on some maps, and at the main canal-outflow.

Clisma
κλύσμα φρούριον
Klysma [Frourion]
Klysma (Ptolemy) = Clisma (Peutinger)
Klysma = Klozum*
Klysma = Qulzum = Tsulzuh = Suez ?
*1797 Rumsey Historical map
? to Arsinoe
24 to Lacus Mori
40 to Denta
=== Wikipedia on Suez ===
The modern city of Suez is a successor of the ancient city of Clysma (Ancient Greek: Κλῦσμα, romanized: Klŷsma, meaning "surf, waves that break"; Coptic: ⲡⲉⲕⲗⲟⲩⲥⲙⲁ, romanized: Peklousma; Arabic: القلزم, romanized: al-Qulzum), a major Red Sea port and a center of monasticism.[1][2]
§. 13. ἀπὸ δὲ ἀνατολῶν τῆς τε Ἰουδαίας μέρει τῷ ἀπὸ ᾿Ανθηδόνος πόλεως μέχρι πέρατος, οὗ θέσις 63.25, 30.67
καὶ τῇ ἐντεῦθεν ᾿Αραβία πετραία μέχρι τοῦ καθ' Ηρώων πόλιν μυχοῦ τοῦ ᾿Αραβίου κόλπου , οὗ θέσις 63.5, 29.83
§. 13. But on the east [Egypt is bordered] by the part of Judea, from Anthedon city to the end, whose location is 63.25, 30.67
and from here [the border goes] unto Arabia Petraia until the nook of the Arabian Gulf, beneath Heroon city, whose location is 63.5, 29.83

Medeia
Medeia = Madeina = Matarma The "Me-" are visible on this map here.

Phara

Phara
Φαρὰν = Pharan (city)
Φαρανῖται = Pharanitai (The people & region here.)
Pharan (Ptolemy) = Phara (Peutinger)
Pharan = Firan
Should be --not 50, but-- 150 from Haila.
And afterward the people removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in the wilderness of Paran.

Desert of Paran
Φαρὰν = Pharan (city)
Φαρανῖται = Pharanitai (The people & region here.)
Pharan (Ptolemy) = Phara (Peutinger
Pharan = Firan
Should be --not 50, but-- 150 from Haila.
And afterward the people removed from Hazeroth, and pitched in the wilderness of Paran.

Haila
Eλανίτη = Elanite
Elanite (Ptolemy) = Haila (Peutinger)
Elanite = Ayla
Elanite = Eilot
μετά το εν τω 'Eλανίτη μυχό όριον του Αραβίου κόλπου
Όννη .
Μοδίανα ή Μοδούνα .
(etc.)
metά to en to 'Elanίti mychό όrion tou Arabίou kόlpou:
Όnna .
Modίana he Modoύna .
After the border of the Arabian Gulf [Gulf of Aqaba], in the Elanite inlet:
Modίana or Modoύna .

Addianum
Όννη
Onna
66, 28.5
=== Possible Origin ===
Kibroth-Hattaavah (Exodus station #13) =
= Edom + Geeberoth =
= Edzion-Geber (Bible*) ? =
= Addianum (Peutinger) ? =
= Dionna = Onna (Ptolemy) ?
= Gheuver = Hauarra (Peutinger) ?
= Gybra = Goubba (Ptolemy) ?
= Gypra = Gypsaria (Ptolemy) ?
= Cypsaria (Peutinger)
* Where Solomon built his fleet. See Bible verses below.
Onna = Omna = Yomnia = Yamaniya Beach ?
Onna = Orna = Be'er Ora (18 miles N) ?
This is the natural port for Petra.
There is some discrepancy between what the Peutinger map's distances could be between Addianum (here), Haila, and Pisidio. Here, we read it:
6 to Haila
30 to Pisidio
=== Josephus, Antiquities, 8.6.4 ===
Moreover, the king built many ships in the Egyptian Bay of the Red Sea, in a certain place called Ezion-geber: it is now called Berenice, and is not far from the city Eloth. This country belonged formerly to the Jews, and became useful for shipping from the donations of Hiram king of Tyre; for he sent a sufficient number of men thither for pilots, and such as were skillful in navigation, to whom Solomon gave this command: That they should go along with his own stewards to the land that was of old called Ophir, but now the Aurea Chersonesus, which belongs to India, to fetch him gold. And when they had gathered four hundred talents together, they returned to the king again.
26 King Solomon built a fleet of ships at E′zion-ge′ber, which is near Eloth on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom.

Pisidio
Pisidio = Rahidiyah

Hauarra
Αὔαρα = Awara
Haw*arath (?) = Hazeroth ??
Haw*arath (?) = Hauarra (Peutinger) = Awara (Ptolemy) = Al-Quwayrah?
Perhaps the vav (W) was mis-written as a Zayin (Z), and then later re-edited to a Tsadeh (TS).
20 from Zadagatta
24 from Pisidio - but should be 4.

Zadagatta
Ζαναάθα = Zanaatha
Zanaatha (Ptolemy) = Zadagatta (Peutinger) = Zodacatha* = Dlagha
* On the Barrington Atlas
Shown in 2 separate places, on the same map.
18 from Petra
20 from Hauarra

Petris
Πέτρα
Petra
Petra (Ptolemy) = Petris (Peutinger)
18 to Zadagatta
22 [but should be 12] to Negla

Necla / Hegla

Negla
Νέκλα = Necla
Necla (Ptolemy) = Negla (Peutinger) = Nejel ?
48 from Rabbatora
22 from Petra - Should be 12.

Negla
Νέκλα = Necla
Necla (Ptolemy) = Hegla (Peutinger)
Hegla = Heghlania = Hachlenia = Hashemeyeh ?
48 from Rabbatora
22 from Petra
One would expect this to be further west, at the cliff's edge.

Thornia
Θάνα = Thana
Thana (Ptolemy) = Tharna = Thornia (Peutinger)
Thana = Thannuh = Tannur (Ruin and Mountain)
Tharna = Athara = Hathras = Datras
Shown on a 1922 Rumsey historical map here, at modern Datras.
=== Coordinate error ===
It seems that the index switched the coordinates for Thana and Cletharro, since all the medieval maps show cutthroat to the NW, and Thana to the SE, but the index's coordinates would indicate the reverse.
Longitude: 67+1/2 - should be 67+5/6
Latitude: 30+1/2 - should be 30+1/3

Rababatora
Ῥαβ[μ]αθμώμ = Rab[m]athmom
Rabathmom (Ptolemy) = Rababatora (Peutinger)
Rab[m]athmom = Rabbath Moab* = Rabba
* On 1861 Rumsey Historical Map

(Tha)Mara
Θαμαρώ
Thamaro
Thamaro (Ptolemy) = Thamaro (Peutinger)
Thamaro = (Tha)Mara
53 to Jerusalem
69 to Bababatora
The last place in Judea by which they passed, had a name that sounded like Mara. I thought of Anne's ancestral place [i.e, Thamara, see below, also in Ptolemy's map of Judea], but it was not it.
[Instead it was probably either
"Θάμνα/Thamna", also in Judea, or
"Γεμμαρουρίς/Gemmarouris", in Edom.]
Anne's grandmother was of Mara in the desert. Her name was Moruni, or Emorun, that is, noble mother. She married Stolanus upon the advice of Archos, the Prophet, who was the Superior of the Essenians for about ninety years. . . . The married pair did not dwell long in Mara; they removed to Ephron.
Previously to the formation of the Dead Sea, the Jordan had, just below its greatest depth, divided into two branches between the cities that were afterward submerged. One of these branches flowed eastward, receiving in its course the waters of many smaller streams; the other watered the desert through which the Holy Family fled into Egypt, as far as the region of Mara, where Moses had rendered the bitter waters sweet, and where Anne's ancestors had sojourned.
[Note: No, this is certainly not where Moses rendered the bitter waters sweet, for that Mara must be a 3-day journey from the crossing of the Red Sea, and there is no way that the Jordan River flows all the way down to there. No, obviously, either Emmerich, or Brentano (inserting his own clarification) conflated the 2 Maras: Thamara (here) & Mara (180 miles south).]

Philadelphia
Φιλαδελφεία = Philadelphia
Philadelphia (Ptolemy) = Philadelfia (Peutinger)
Philadelphia = Amman
62 to Rababatora
13 to Gadda
=== Wikipedia on Amman ===
During the Iron Age, the city was known as Rabbath Ammon and served as the capital of the Ammonite Kingdom. In the 3rd century BC, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt, rebuilt the city and renamed it "Philadelphia", making it a regional center of Hellenistic culture. Under Roman rule, Philadelphia was one of the ten Greco-Roman cities of the Decapolis before being directly ruled as part of Arabia Petraea province.

Undrawn Path
Marked as 13 miles, but undrawn on the Peutinger map

N Jordan

Route

Hereichonte
Ιερεικούς (ή Ερικός)
Hereikous (he Erikos)
Jericho (Bible) =
= Hereikous / Erikos (Ptolemy) =
= Herichonte (Peutinger)
32 to Neapoli
12 to Arcelais
=== Martha's Workshop ===
All the friends and disciples ate and slept with Jesus in the newly erected inn. They found ready for them, thanks to the forethought of Lazarus and the holy women, table furniture, covers, carpets, beds, screens, and even sandals and other articles of clothing. Martha had near the desert of Jericho a house full of women whom she kept busy preparing all these things. She had gathered together many poor widows and penniless girls, who were striving to lead a good life. There they lived and worked together. All was carried on quietly and unknown to the public. It was no little thing to provide for so many inns and so many people and to superintend them constantly—above all, to send messengers around to them, or give them personal attention.
=== Zacheus ===
Just outside the city, which was surrounded by gardens, pleasure grounds, and villas, Jesus and His followers encountered a dense crowd composed of people from all parts of the country around. They had assembled with their sick, who were lying on litters under sheds and tents. They had been waiting for Jesus, and now they beset Him and His disciples on all sides. Zacheus, one of the chief publicans, who dwelt outside the city, had stationed himself on the road by which Jesus had to pass. As he was short in stature, he climbed a fig tree2 in order to be able to see Jesus better in the crowd. Jesus looked up into the tree and said: "Zacheus, make haste and come down, for this day I must abide in thy house." Zacheus hurried down, bowed humbly to Jesus, and very much touched returned home to make preparations for receiving his honored Guest. When Jesus said that He must that day enter into Zacheus' house, He meant into his heart, for on that day He went into Jericho itself, and not into the house of Zacheus. On arriving at the city gate, Jesus found none of the people assembled to welcome Him, for through dread of the Pharisees they were remaining quietly in their homes. The crowd, gathered at some distance from the city, were all strangers come to implore Jesus' assistance in their various needs. . . . As the Sabbath now began, Jesus went with His Apostles and disciples to the synagogue of the city and afterward to the inn. He and the Apostles dined in the open refectory, the disciples in the archway. . . . Zacheus also here presented himself to Jesus. The new disciples had already taken it ill outside the city that Jesus had accosted the ill-famed publican and even wanted to abide with him, for Zacheus in particular was a subject of scandal to them. Some were related to him, and they were ashamed of his remaining a publican so long and up to the present unconverted. Zacheus drew near the hall in which the disciples were dining, but no one wanted to have anything to do with him, no one invited him to eat. Then Jesus stepped out into the hall, beckoned Zacheus in, and offered him food and drink. . . . The Sabbath over, Jesus went with His Apostles to Zacheus' dwelling outside of Jericho. None of the disciples accompanied Him. . . . During the meal, which consisted of honey, fruit, and a lamb, Zacheus served at table, but whenever Jesus spoke, he listened devoutly. Jesus related the parable of the fig tree in the vineyard which for three years bore no fruit, and for which the vinedresser implored one more year of indulgence. When uttering this parable, Jesus addressed the Apostles as the vineyard; of Himself He spoke as the owner; and of Zacheus as the fig tree. It was now three years since the relatives of the last-named had abandoned their dishonorable calling and followed Jesus, while he all this time had still carried on the same business, on which account he was looked upon with special contempt by the disciples. But Jesus had cast upon him a look of mercy when He called him down from the tree. Jesus spoke also of the sterile trees that produce many leaves, but no fruit. The leaves, He said, are exterior works.
Jesus, however, did not go to Bethania [where Lazarus was dying], but to a little village north of Jericho.
Zacheus of Jericho accompanied them awhile, after which he returned home, gave up his business, sold all that he had, bestowed the proceeds upon the poor, and went with his wife (with whom he henceforth lived in continency) to another place.

Arcelais
Αρχελαίς
Archelais
Archelais (Ptolemy) = Arcelais (Peutinger)
Plotted here based on Barrington Atlas
12 to Herichonte
12 to Coabis

Coabis
Accrabbein/Accrabah (Mishnah) = Akrabis (Emmerich) = Coabis (Peutinger)
Akrabis = Khirbat al-Aqrabaniya (here) *
Akrabis = Aqraba (8.5 miles SW)** ?
* Based on the distances and Anne Catherine Emmerich (below), and the Peutinger map.
** Perhaps part of the village subsequently relocated to here.
12 to Arcelais
12 to Scytopolis
Notice the nearby place-name Kirhbat al-Aqrabaniya
On the morning of the next day Jesus went about an hour southeast of Salem to a nook between the Jordan and the little river that flows into it from Akrabis.
Akrabis was rather a large place, about two hours from the Jordan. It had five gates, and was traversed by the highway between Samaria and Jericho. Travelers in this direction had to pass through Akrabis, consequently it was well supplied with provisions and other necessaries.
From Akrabis Jesus went to Silo [Shiloh], distant only one hour in a direct line toward the southwest; but as the road winds first down into the valley and then over the mountain, it makes the distance a good two hours.
The road through the country from Thanath-Silo to this place [Aser-Machmethat] was far wider and better than that through Akrabis to Jericho. The latter was so very narrow, so uneven and rocky that beasts of burden could with difficulty traverse it with their loads of merchandise.
For two hours His road [from Ennon] ran to the south, through the valley of the Jordan, and on this side of the river. Then it wound for about half an hour to the west [to modern Shadmot Mehola], then turned again to the south and led to the city of Akrabis, which was situated upon a ridge of the mountain.

Scytopoli
Σκυθόπολις = Scythopolis
Scythopolis = Bezech = Beit Shean
23 to Tiberias
12 to Coabis
24 to Caporcotam
Toward noon Jesus left the city accompanied by several persons. He proceeded along a tolerably broad highway toward the northeast. It led to Scythopolis with Doch upon the right and Thebez on the left at the eastern extremity of the mountain upon which Samaria was built.
A couple of hours from Gadara, Jesus again crossed the Jordan, and went on toward the southwest, leav­ing Scythopolis to the left. He crossed Mount Moreh to Jezrael, a city on the west side of the plain Esdrelon.
Jesus departed before daybreak from Thebez. He and His disciples proceeded at first eastward, and then turning to the north, journeyed along the base of the mountain and through the valley of the Jor­dan toward Tiberias. He passed through Abelmahula, a beautiful city, where the mountain extends more to the north. It was the birthplace of Eliseus. The city is built on a spur of the mountain, and I noticed the great difference between the fruitfulness of its sunny side and its northern one. The inhabitants were tolerably good. They had heard of the mira­cles wrought by Jesus at Kibzaim and Thebez, so they stayed with Him on the way, begging Him to tarry with them and heal their sick. The excitement became almost tumultuous, but Jesus did not stay with them long. This city was about four hours from Thebez. Jesus passed near Scythopolis and on to the Jordan.

Caporcotam
24 to Scythopolis

Tyberias
Τιβεριάς [λίμνη]
Tiberias [limne]
Tiberias [Lake]
Tiberias (Emmerich) = Tiberias (Ptolemy) = Tyberias (Peutinger)
23 from Scythopolis
16 from Gadara
In reply, Jesus commanded them not to return to Tiberias, but to go to another place. I understood at that moment that Jesus Himself would not go to Tiberias, and indeed I never saw Him there.
Tiberias was in reality only half a city, being quite unfinished on one side.
For the last two weeks Herod's guests had been pouring into Machaerus [down by the Dead Sea], most of them from Tiberias.
[After the Resurrection] They went by different routes and in several companies to the Sea of Galilee. Peter went with John, James the Greater, Thaddeus, Nathanael, John Mark, and Silas, seven in all, to Tiberias, leaving Samaria to the left. All chose routes remote from cities. They went to a fishery outside Tiberias, which Peter had held on lease, but which was now rented by another man, a widower with two sons. They took a repast with this man, and I heard Peter saying that he had not fished here for three years.

Gadara
Γάδαρα
Gadara (Ptolemy) = Gadara (Peutinger & A.C.Emmerich)
16 from Tiberias
13 from Capitoliade
Don't confuse . . .
Ptolemaic Gadara (here, at 68, 32.,17 overlooking lake Tiberias) with
Ptolemaic Gadora (67.75, 31.5, far to the South) with
Ptolemaic Gadzoros (67.5, 31.25, even further south, near Philadelphia),
although Ptolemy may have wrongly distingiushed the latter 2, when in fact they may be the same thing, for Ptolemy's longitudes are too low to be anything but around the Dead Sea, whereas both Ptolemy's medieval mappers, and the Peutinger map show a "Gazora" or "Gadda" respectively, much further east, in the immediate vicinity of Philadelphia (modern Amman).
Also don't confuse . . .
ACEmmerich's Gazer (10 miles W of Philadelphia), with
ACEmmerich's Gazora (reputably northeast of Jabesch-Gilead, but maybe southwest).
Jesus travelled down the eastern shore of the lake and remained overnight in Hippos. Next morning He went on to Gadara in whose neighborhood He cured a man possessed. The unfortunate creature was being led after Him bound, but he freed himself and set up the cry: "Jesus, Thou Son of David! Jesus! Whither goest Thou? Thou wilt drive us away!" Jesus stood still, commanded the devil to be silent and to depart from the man, indicating at the same time whither he should go.
Attended by the Levites, Jesus went from Abila to Gadara and reached the small Jewish quarter of the city in the evening. It was separate from the larger pagan quarter which had as many as four idolatrous temples. I knew at once that Gadara was a heathen city from seeing the idol of Baal standing under a large tree. Jesus was well received here. There were Pharisees and Sadducees among the inhabitants, also a Sanhedrim for the country around, although the male Jews of the place numbered from three to four hundred only.

Capitolias
Καπιτωλιάς = Capitolias
Capitolias = Beit Ras
13 to Gadara
16 to Adraha

Adraha
Αδρα = Adra
Note: Another Adra 18 miles NEE, in Arabia Petraea.
Edrei (A.C.Emmerich) = Adra (Ptolemy) = Adraha (Peutinger)
Adra = Adrei = Edaraa = Daraa
He went to Matthew's custom office and thence by sea to Dalmanutha. I saw Him afterward in the city of Edrai where He taught on the Sab­bath, then in the Levitical city of Bosra, and finally in Nobah.
=== Decapolis coordinates ===

Bostris
Βόστρα Λεγίων
Bostra Legion
Bostra of the legions
Bosra = Rhose ??
Bozrah or Bosor (1 Macchabees 5:26) =
= Bosor (Josephus, Antiquities, XII.8.3) =
= Bos(t)ra (Ptolemy) =
= Bostris (Peutinger)
24 to Adraha
24 to Thantia
It seems like the other Bos(t)ra is the correct one relative to the coordinates of Mesada and Sourattha, whereas this one is correct for the Peutinger map. === Anne Catherine Emmerich === [On the way to Resurrect Lazarus] Jesus kept with Himself only the Apostles Peter, James, John, Matthew, and some of the disciples, with whom He went [i.e, from the Mt. of the Multiplication] to Matthew's custom office and thence by sea to Dalmanutha. I saw Him afterward in the city of Edrai where He taught on the Sabbath, then in the Levitical city of Bosra, and finally in Nobah.

Thantia ?
Thantia (Emmerich) = Thantia (Peutinger)
Thantia* = Thagrat(ul) (ثغرة)** ?
* Cf. "Tenuis" & "Tenus" means "Narrow" & "Stretched", respectively, in Latin.
** Means "Channel/Gap" in Arabic.
9 to Hatita
24 to Bostris
Here located where the Barrington atlas and Pleiades website place it.
From Selcha Jesus went with His followers for about an hour and a half along the so-called Way of David which, following the windings of the valley, led down to the Jordan. . . . From "David's Way," Jesus turned to the little place called Thantia, where He went immediately to the synagogue and taught, His subjects being Balaam, the Star of Jacob, some passages from Micheas, and Bethlehem Ephrata. (Num. 22:2, 25:10;Mich. 5:7,6:9).
Both the people and the rabbis of Thantia were pious. They were in the habit of making pilgrimages to the "Way of David," and there, in fasting and prayer, crying to Heaven for the coming of the Messiah. They indulged the hope of there having visions and apparitions of the Messiah who, they thought, would even come to them along that way. While Jesus was preaching, they said more than once to one another: "He speaks as if He were the Messiah Himself! But no, that is not possible!" As they were under the impression that the Messiah was to come invisibly like an angel into Israel, they thought that Jesus might possibly be His herald and precursor, Jesus told them that they would perhaps recognize the Messiah when it would be too late. I saw that many from Thantia, both before and after the Crucifixion, joined the Community. From Thantia Jesus journeyed four hours eastward [should be "four hours southwestward"] to the ruined citadel of Datheman.
=== Oldest church 8.5 miles WNW ===
During December of the year 2000 the Public Archaeological Department of Jordan announced discovery of the new oldest Church in the World, the St. George Church. It dates from the Roman period of A.D. 230. This has been proved through an analysis of the writing and symbols found in the mosaic floors of the church. This important site is located in the northern part of Jordan, 24 kilometers east of the famous city of Gerasa, in a small town named Rihab.
Rihab may be the lost old Roman of Thantia, one of the commercial League of Ten cities established by Pompey, which were given a considerable degree of autonomy and were subject to the Roman governor of Syria.

Gadda
This is most likely Gadda (Peutinger), possibly Gadora (Ptolemy) or Gazora (Emmerich)
Gazora (Emmerich) =
= Gazoros (Ptolemy) ?? (Wrong position relative to Philadelphia; instead, see bold text, below.)
= Gadora (Ptolemy) ?
= Gadda (Peutinger, here) ?
Jazer (Numbers 21:23-24, Eusebius & Jerome, just west of Philadelphia) =
= Gaser (Emmerich)
= Gazoros (Ptolemy)
= Has-ser = Khirbet es-Sar
= Has-ser = Wadi As-Seir
Don't confuse . . .
Ptolemaic Gadara (68, 32.17 overlooking lake Tiberias) with
Ptolemaic Gadora (67.75, 31.5, here?) with
Ptolemaic Gadzoros (67.5, 31.25, near Philadelphia),
although Ptolemy may have wrongly distingiushed the latter 2, when in fact they are the same thing, for Ptolemy's longitudes are too low to be anything but around the Dead Sea, whereas both Ptolemy's medieval mappers, and the Peutinger map show a "Gazora" or "Gadda" respectively, much further east, in the immediate vicinity of Philadelphia (modern Amman).
Also don't confuse . . .
ACEmmerich's Gazer (10 miles W of Philadelphia), with
ACEmmerich's Gazora (reputably northeast of Jabesch-Gilead, but maybe here).
See Rumsey Historical map entitled "Middle_East/Palestine_1922," which locates Gadda here.
11 [but maybe should be 6] to Hatita
13 to Philadelfia
=== If it's Gadora ===
Γαδώρα
Gadora
This is NOT the commonly accepted site of Gadora, which is at As-Salt, Jordan. However, if this Gadora is the same as Gadda, then it may be here, where the Peutinger map shows Gadda.
Longitude: 67+3/4 - But perhaps should be 68.75 .
=== If it's Gazora ===
Note in the light gray above, that even if it's Gazora, it's almost certainly NOT Ptolemaic Gazoros, which is Gazer, 10 miles west of Philadelphia.
=== AC Emmerich ===
In Gazora, northeast [but perhaps should be southeast] of Jabes Galaad, Andrew and the disciples that accompanied him had redeemed Jewish slaves from bondage, sacrificing to this purpose all that they possessed.
=== If it's Ramoth Gilead ===
Ramoth-Mizpah (Bible) =
= Ramoth-Gilead (Emmerich) =
= Gilead/Galaad region = Gadda (Peutinger) ?
Ramoth = Ramthe = Ramzi
Ramoth = Ramthe = Al Amirah Rahmah
Ramoth = Ramthe = Rumaneh*
Ramoth = Ramthe = Khirbet al-Batrawy ?
* Shown 5 miles NW, on 1922 Rumsey Historical map
Known as "Ramoth Mizpah" (Joshua 13:26, Judges 11:11 & 29), on Gad's borders.
Possibly Ραβ[μ]αθμώμ, in Ptolemy's Geography, although the maps seem to show that much further south.
Jephte was the natural son of an idolatrous mother. Driven by his father's legitimate children from Ramoth, called also Maspha, he lived in the neighboring land of Tob. . . . After his daughter's death, Jephte had a beautiful monument erected in Ramoth and a little temple built over it.
From Mahanaim He went along the northern bank of the Jabok for about an hour eastward to the place where Jacob and Esau met. The valley here sinks deep. During the whole way Jesus taught His disciples. After some time they recrossed to the southern bank not far from where two little streams united to form the Jabok. Then they continued their journey for about a mile to the east with the desert of Ephraim on their right.
After traversing the valley they found, upon a mountain ridge to the east of the forest of Ephraim, Ramoth-Galaad, a beautiful city, clean and regularly built.In it the heathens had their own quarter and temple.
Ramoth was built in terraces on a hill behind which, in a little vale flanked by a steep, rocky wall, was the quarter of the city inhabited by the pagans. They had a temple. One could always recognize their abodes by the figures erected on the roofs. On the roof of this temple was a whole group. The central figure wore a crown and stood in a reservoir or fountain, holding a basin in its hand. Around it were several figures of children dipping up the water and pouring it from one to another until at last it fell into the basin held by the middle finger.
The cities in this region were more beautiful, more neatly built than the old Jewish ones. The streets were laid off in the form of a star, all verging to a central point, and the extremities were rounded, thus making the circumference assume something of a zigzag form, as did also the city walls. Ramoth-Galaad was formerly a city of refuge for criminals. (Deut. 4:43, Jos. 20:8). There was a large solitary building in which they were lodged, but at the time of Jesus' visit it had fallen to ruin and appeared to be no longer used. They made tapestry here, embroidered with figures of all kinds of animals and flowers, partly for trade, and partly for the use of the temple. I saw numbers of women and young maidens working at it in long tents. The costume of the people resembled more the patriarchal style, and they were very clean. Their clothing was of fine wool.
Lazarus and the Syrophenician provided settlements near Ramoth-Gilead for the Jewish emigrants from the region of Ornithopolis.
=== International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online on Ramoth-Gilead ===
Eusebius and Jerome (Onomasticon, under the word) contradict each other, the former placing Ramoth-gilead 15 miles West, and the latter 15 miles East of Philadelphia.

Hatita
Ανιθα = Anitha
Datheman = Adeitha = Anitha (Ptolemy) = Hatita (Peutinger) ?
Datheman = Adeitha = Hatita = El Hadid = Hadad (tribe) ?
=== Possible Locations ==
Could be located at either . . .
Al Hashemiya, which is more central, and where the Barrington Atlas places it;
Datheman = Dhatsemion = Al Hashemiya
Khirbet es-Samra(t) (4 miles NE), where the Peutinger map and Konrad Miller's "Itineraria Romana" (See below) places it.
9 to Thatia
11 [but perhaps should be 6] to Gadda
40 to Rhose
From Thantia Jesus journeyed four hours eastward [should instead be "south"] to the ruined citadel of Datheman. Near it was the mountain that had been chosen by Jephte's daughter upon which to mourn with her twelve young companions. Upon it were prophets and hermits, something like the Essenians. It was on this same mountain that Balaam was tarrying in solitude and meditation when summoned by the Moabite king to appear before him. (Num. 22:5).
With several of her young companions she [i.e, Jephtias, the daughter of Jephte] went into the mountains opposite the valley of Ramoth, where for two months she dwelt under a tent in prayer, fasting, and sackcloth. The maidens of Ramoth took turns in staying with her.
=== Itineraria Romana by Konrad Miller ===
Locates Hatita at (1) Khirbet es-Samra(t), which is the village 4 miles NE of here; also at (2 - as the very same village?) El Hadid:
"Aditha (ND [Notitia Dignitatum, ed. Seeck] — coh.[cohors] I mil.[militum] Thracum), Anitha (Pt [Ptolemy]); j.[jetzt = "now"] Chirbat (Ruine) es Samrat; El Hadid (Brunn.)."
=== The other Hashimmiyya ===
Note, strangely that there is another Al Hashimiyya 30 miles NNW, which Wikipedia connects with the "Hadad family," although that city was only named Hashimiyya in 1972: Nevertheless, the Hadad family also seems to be connected with this one, as well, based on the placename El Hadid, in Itineraria Romana, above.
=== Wikipedia on that other Al Hashimiyya ===
Though Hashimiyya itself does not contain any churches the Haddad family of Christians still lives in the town.
Furthermore, the village's ancient name, Farah (فارة), may be derived from Viera, a Roman town located in the area.
=== Website cited by Wikipedia ===
The name Hashemite was given to our town, Fara, in 1972, following the same decision to change the names of Jordanian villages and . . .
The town of Al-Hashmiya is located northwest of the city of Ajloun, about 17 km away from it, and about 9 km from the Jordan River,

Rhose

Rhose
Rosa = Rhose (Peutinger)
Rosa = "Red/Pink"* = Koum** Al Ahmar***
* Rosa = "Red/Pink" in Latin
* (K)Oum means "Village" in Arabic.
** Ahmar means "Red" in Arabic.
40 [but perhaps should be 30*] to Hatita
20 to Chanata
* This is 30 (or maybe even 40) miles, only if the route follows the winding of the "Way of David," which was along the bank of the Jabbok River, see below:
From Selcha Jesus went with His followers for about an hour and a half along the so-called Way of David which, following the windings of the valley, led down to the Jordan. This road was deep, a kind of hollow, in which water sometimes flowed. It ran through the solitudes of the mountains, and at several points along it were to be found places provided with troughs and stores of fodder for the camels, also rings for fastening them. When journeying through this country, Abraham saw a supernatural light on this road and had a vision, and when David, upon the advice of Jonathan, sought safety for his parents in the region of Maspha, (1 Kgs. 22:3 [should be "1 Sam. 22:3"]), he lay concealed here with three hundred men, from which circumstance it received the name of "David's Way." David here received from God a prophetic vision in which he saw the caravan of the Three Kings and heard, as if from the heavens open above him, melodious chanting proclaiming the praises of the promised Consoler of Israel. Malachias also, being obliged to flee after a battle, followed a mysterious light that led him to this region where, too, he lay hid for a time; and the Three Holy Kings, giving rein to their camels upon leaving the confines of Selcha and entering this road, descended by it singing sweet hymns of thanksgiving. They then proceeded along the shore until they reached the point opposite Korea, where they crossed the Jordan and arrived at Jerusalem through the desert beyond Anathot. They entered the Holy City by the same gate through which Mary had passed when she went up from Bethlehem for her purification.
From "David's Way," Jesus turned to the little place called Thantia, . . . From Thantia Jesus journeyed four hours eastward to the ruined citadel of Datheman. Near it was the mountain that had been chosen by Jephte's daughter upon which to mourn with her twelve young companions. Upon it were prophets and hermits, something like the Essenians. It was on this same mountain that Balaam was tarrying in solitude and meditation when summoned by the Moabite king to appear before him. (Num. 22:5).
The people of this region believed firmly in the sacred character of "David's Way." They told Jesus that they would not dwell in the country beyond the Jordan where they could not dare make mention of all that had formerly been seen, all that had taken place on the "Way of David." When Jesus and the Apostles approached Bethabara on the Jordan, . .

Rhose?

Chanata

Chanata ?
Κάναθα
Canatha
Canatha (Ptolemy) = Chanata (Peutinger)
Canatha = Kanakir
Canatha = Hussain Alkontar*
* Activate Google Earth's "Layers" > "Places" menu.
37 to Aenos
20 to Rhose

Chanata ?
Qanawat

Chanata ?
Al Qnayyah

Barrington's "Karnaia/Astaroth?"

Aenos

Aenos ?
Aere* (Barrington Atlas) = Aenos* (Peutinger) ?
* Means "Bronze" or "Copper," in Latin.
Aenos = As Sanamayn (Here) ?
[Location selected mainly because the Barrington Atlas plots it here, but also based on relative distances, mainly to Damascus, but also to Chanata. However, the other location, 10 miles SSW at Nawa, has better etymological basis, and has another potential "Chanata," 37 miles away from it.]
37 to Chanata
24 to Damaspo

Aenos ?
Aere* (Barrington Atlas) = Aenos* (Peutinger) ?
* Means "Bronze" or "Copper," in Latin.
"Copper" = Nuhas (نحاس)* = Neue = Nawa (15 miles SSW) ?
37 to Chanata
24 to Damaspo

Damaspo
Δαμασκός
Damascos
Damascos (Ptolemy) = Damaspo (Peutinger)
24 to Aenos
28 to Adam-montem
18 to Abila

Syria

Issus & Pieria

Seleucia Pieria
Σελεύκεια Πιερίας
Seleucia Pieria = Çevlik Plaji

Hrossos
Ρώσσος = Hrossos
Hrossos = Harssus = Arsuz ?

Alexandria Catisson
Αλεξάνδρεια = Alexandria
Alexandria (Ptolemy) = Alexandria Catisson (Peutinger)
Alexandria = Iskenderun
μετά την Ισσόν και τας Κιλικίας Πύλας, Αλεξάνδρεια η κατά Ισσόν
metά ton Issόn kai tas Kilikίas Pύlas, Alexάndreia he katά Issόn
After the Issus [inlet] and the Cilicia gates, [there is] the Alexandria over against the Issus [inlet] .

Pagrai / Pagaris ?
Πάγραι = Pagrai
Pagrai (Ptolemy) = Pagaris (Peutinger)
Pagrai = Topbogazi ?

Issos
μετά την Ισσόν και τας Κιλικίας Πύλας, Αλεξάνδρεια η κατά Ισσόν
metά ton Issόn kai tas Kilikίas Pύlas, Alexάndreia he katά Issόn
After the Issus [inlet] and the Cilicia gates, [there is] the Alexandria over against the Issus [inlet] .

Alexandria Catisson
Alexandria Catisson = Ellek ?
Alexandria Catisson = Ariklikaş (5 miles E) ?
6 to Issus

Maleagrum
Maleagrum = Halyango = Yalangoz ?

Pinara / Thana
Pinara (Ptolemy) = Phana = Thana (Peutinger)
Thana = Adhana = Adama ?

Cesum
Cesum = Yesemek ?

Heracome
Αράκη
Araca
Araca (Ptolemy) = Heracome (Peutinger) ?
Heracome = Araca = Alaca ?
Heracome = Araca = Characia = Karakaya (3 miles SW) ?
Possibly the same as Αράκη/Araca, in Ptolemy?

Adorantum
Adorantum = Al Dour Um = Um al-Toyour ?

Apamea to Bannis

Apamenes city
Απαμηνής πόλεις ,
Apamenes poleis
Apamenes = Apameia

Tolmidessa
Τολμίδεσσα = Tolmidessa
Tolmidessa = Talmenes ?
Teumeuse on the Peutinger map.
29 to Apamea
20 to Cahi

Cahi ?
Cahi = Chadhi = Hadhe = Al Hadher ?
20 to Tolmidessa
20 to Bersera

Bersera
Bersera = Barh Zarha = Az Zarzha = Az Zarzur ?
20 to Cahi
18 to Bathna

Andarados
"Across from Arwad [the island 3 miles SSW]"
Antardos = Andarados = Andarado = Tortosa = Tartus
=== Wikipedia on Tartus ===
The Phoenician founders named the city Antarados (from Greek: Αντιαράδος), romanized: Anti-Arados → Antarados or Anti-Aradus, meaning "The town facing Arwad"). In Latin, its name became Tortosa.

Carrion ?
Carrion = Arrhion = Arphion = Raphion = Rafeen ?

Demeter
Demeter = Dhanaider = Hnaider

Inland Syria

Larissa

Larissa ?
Larissa = Lahria = Lahia = Lahaya ?
This site conforms better to the Peutinger map's constellation, the other site to Ptolemy's constellation.

Larissa
Larissa = Lahrussa = Mahrusah
This site conforms better to Ptolemy's constellation, the other site to the Peutinger map's constellation.

Episania ?
Epiphaneia = Episania = Sania = Shahia = El Shiyha ?
Hama(th) = Epiphaneia = Episania = Emath(oùs) = Hama (3 miles E) ?

Arethusa
Arethusa = Al Thaza = Tal Khazneh

Hemesa
Έμισσα = Emesa
Emissa (Ptolemy) = Hemesa (Peutinger) ?
Hamath = Hemesa = Homs
20 to Laodicea
16 to Aretusa
=== The Entrance of Hamath ===
Probably the Valley entrance, where the probably-Israelite-controlled highlands begin, 32 miles southwest of the city.

Raphams
Raphams = Rashans = Ar Rastan

Iammura ?
Iammura = Janmurana = Jan + Muranah ?

Laodicea ?
Laodicea = Oadjichea = Wazihia = Al Waziyeah ?

Beleda
Beleda = Beraeza = Al Burayj
But its 2 distances are swapped.

Ocurura
Ocurura = Qarah ?

Abarin ?
Abarin = Yabrind = Yabrud ?

Ad Medera ?
Ad Medera = Al-Marah ?

Ad Amana ?
Ad Amana = Al-Atnah ?

Casama ?
Casama = Chasa = Mhassa ?

Cehere ?
Cehere = Gethere = Al Gunthor ?

Banoua ?
Banoua = Hannoura ?

Hehala
Hehala = Bhahawa = Bab Alhawa ?
Hehala = Bhahawa = Abachahba = Abu Kashba ?

Heliaramia
Heliaramia = Haramia = Hammamiyah ?
Heliaramia = Haliabha = Halabiyah ?

Teleda

Theleda ?
Theleda = Shaleba = Salba ?
Theleda = Thooliba = Touwiba ?

Teleda ?
Teleda = Callhada = Qablahat ?

Theleda ?
Theleda = Thareta = Tharut ?

Putea ?
Putea = Bautia = Al-Bayda ?

Centu
Centũ is common script for "Centorum" ("of the Centi").
Centorum = Gentor = Al Gunthor

Occaraba

Occaraba ?
Occaraba = Alc-Chrabha = Al Hracha = Alhraqey ?

Occaraba ?
Occaraba = Joghravia = Zaghraytia = Zaghrujtiyah ?

Occaraba ?
Occaraba = Ich-criva = Ithriyah ?

Palmyra

Harae
Harae = Halay = Hulayhilah

Oruba ?
Oruba = Otuba = al Tyba = Al Taibah ?

Cholle
Cholle = Sholla = Ash Sholah

Risapa
Ῥήσαφα
Resapha
Resapha (Ptolemy) = Risapa (Peutinger)
Risapa = Resafa
=== Probable Origin ===
Enmerkar = Emmer* + Cherub* = Hamrat + Al-Karamah ?
Enmerkar = Emar = Tell Meskene ?
Enmerkar = Ammorites + Carrhae/Hurrians (as protogenitor) ??
Enmerkar was from Uruk, but wanted to conquer the land of Aratta:
Uruk = Iraq
Uruk = Ar Raqqah ?
Aratta = Rassis region (Judith 2:23)
Aratta = Aracta = Ar Raqqah ?
Aratta = Resaina (Ptolemy) = Rouaiyane
Aratta = Risina/Ressaina (Ptolemy & Peutinger) = Navçeya Ebû Rasên ?
Aratta = Ratla(h)
Aratta = Tiritta (Peutinger map, Ptolemy)** = Aarîda
Aratta = Raschirea (Peutinger map)** = Aarîda
Aratta = Resapha/Risapa (Peutinger & Ptolemy) = Resafa
Aratta = Resapha/Risapa (Peutinger & Ptolemy) =
= A(s/ph)phadana (Ptolemy) = As Safsafah ?
Aratta = Rescipha (Ptolemy) = Ch'Hail ?
Aratta = Errasiga/Eragiza (Peutinger & Ptolemy) = Al Khafsah
Aratta = Tel Harsha (Ezra 2:59) = Al-Akirshi (العكيرشي)
** Tiritta is probably the town; Raschirea, which the Peutinger map puts at the same place, probably refers to this Aratta/Rassis region.

Sura

Sura
Sura = Al-Saura = Al Tawrah = Al Tabqah
A better distance from Risapa, but a detour from the most logical straight trade route to Haran.

Sura
Sura = Al Mansurah ?
Wrong distance from Risapa, and probably a very modern name (Named after them Mansurah in Egypt?). But in the correct direction for a more direct trade route to Haran.

Birtha

Birtha / Batitas / Berta
Βίρθα
Birtha
Birtha (Ptolemy) = Batitas (Peutinger) = Berta (Peutinger)
Berta is shown on the Peutinger map (A.D. 0s-800s?), as on a giant island, in a southern peninsulam, 9 miles S of Diotani, also on that peninsula. However the accepted site, is downstream, at Halabiyah Castle, based on Procopius' writings in the A.D. 500s. Perhaps it moved from here, to there, when the river's migration made this place untenable.
24 [should be 34] to Amostar.
20 to Magrus
12 to Alaina

Theoretial river bed

Birtha ?
Βίρθα = Birtha
Birtha (Ptolemy) = Berta (Peutinger)
Arabia = Halabit = Halabiyeh = Bharabia = Birtha?
This is the accepted site, described by Procopius (A.D. 500s), but inconsistent with the island-peninsula shown on the Peutinger map (Unknown: A.D. 0s-800s.). Perhaps it moved from there, to here, when the river's migration made that place untenable. .

Antioch to Euphrates

Paths

Other

Untitled Placemark

Gerra
Γέρρη = Gerra
Gerra = Jarra = Jarabulus ?

Gerra
Γέρρη = Gerra
Gerra = Ghirra = Kibab Saghir ?
Gerra = Ghirsa = Al-Kasra ?

Sigga

Sugga
Sugga = Sugozu ?
21 to Tarsa
20 to an inn, then 28 to Bolica.

Sigga
Σίγγα = Sigga
Sigga = Sicca = Saic-sha = Sakcagoz ?

Sigga
Σίγγα = Sigga
Sigga = Sehirgosteren ?

Σίγγα = Sigga
Sigga = Sazgin ?

Antioch

Gephyra
Γέφυρα = Gephyra
Gephyra ("Bridge") = Ghaphari = Thachari = Kafar Takharim.
✔ On the SW side of the mountain, as shown on the maps.
✔ Exactly 22 miles from both Antioch, and Gindaros, as indicated on the Peutinger map.

Gindaros
Γίνδαρος = Gindaros
Gindaros (Ptolemy) = Gendaro (Peutinger)
Gindaros = Jindires

Cyrrus
Κύβρος ή Κύρος .
Cybros he Cyros
Cybros or Cyros
Cyrrus = Kilis ?

Imma ?
Ιμμα = Imma
Imma = Hinnas = Binnish ?
Imma = Idna = Idlib ?
The Barrington Atlas places Imma 20 miles NW, at Yenisehir, but that would mean the maps are wrong, which clearly show it separated from Gindaros by a mountain, but not from Gephyra.
It would also mean that the Peutinger Map is wrong, which places it 33 miles from Antioch, as this place indeed is.

Chalcis
Χαλκίς = Chalcis
Chalcis = Tchalca = Talkhatra ?
Exactly 30 roman miles from Beroea (Aleppo), and 20 miles from Inna, 20 to Tolmidissa as indicated on the Peutinger map.

Berroia
Βέρροια = Berroia
Aleppo was also called "Beroea (Βέροια)," during Roman times.
Peutinger map: 30 to Chalcis 27 Baina/Bannis (Wrong! See #2 below.)
Local Peutinger errors:
(1) Thiltauri's distances MAY BE flipped: See alternate, unlikely route to an alternate, unlikely Tiltauri.
(2) Berroia can't possibly be 27 miles from Baina/Bannis, and still preserve a semblance of the constellation on the Ptolemaic maps. But it can be 27 miles from Bathna. Since Baina and Bathna sound so similar, it's probable that these 2 were confused.

Baina / Bannis
Βαϊνα = Baina
Baina (Ptolemy) = Bannis (Peutinger)
Baina = Bayanoun
Baina = Bin = Tell Jabin (5 miles SW) ?
Local Peutinger errors:
(1) Thiltauri's distances MAY BE flipped: See alternate, unlikely route to an alternate, unlikely Tiltauri.
(2) Berroia can't possibly be 27 miles from Baina/Bannis, and still preserve a semblance of the constellation on the Ptolemaic maps. But it can be 27 miles from Bathna. Since Baina and Bathna sound so similar, it's probable that these 2 were confused.

Thiltauri

Thiltauri
Thiltauri = Talthana
Local Peutinger errors:
(1) Thiltauri's distances MAY BE flipped: See alternate, unlikely route to an alternate, unlikely Tiltauri.
(2) Berroia can't possibly be 27 miles from Baina/Bannis, and still preserve a semblance of the constellation on the Ptolemaic maps. But it can be 27 miles from Bathna. Since Baina and Bathna sound so similar, it's probable that these 2 were confused.

Thiltauri ?
Thiltauri = Tal Shair ?

Bannis

Paphara / Bathna
Παφάρα = Paphara
Paphara (Ptolemy) = Bathna (Peutinger).
Paphara = Bathna = Bza'a ? Paphara = Bathna = Al Bab ?
Must be here, to be . . .
12 miles from Thiltauri
27 miles from Berya/Berroia/Aleppo.
18 miles from Bersera
18 miles from Hierapolis.
=== Possible Origin ===
Pethor* = Paphara ?
* See Bible, below.
So Balak the son of Zippor, who was king of Moab at that time, sent messengers to Balaam the son of Be′or at Pethor, which is near the River, in the land of Amaw to call him, saying, “Behold, a people has come out of Egypt; they cover the face of the earth, and they are dwelling opposite me. Come now, curse this people for me, . . ."

Paphara
Παφάρα
v Paphara = Dayer Hafir ?
=== Possible Origin ===
Pethor* = Paphara ?
* See Bible, below.
So Balak the son of Zippor, who was king of Moab at that time, sent messengers to Balaam the son of Be′or at Pethor, which is near the River, in the land of Amaw to call him, saying, “Behold, a people has come out of Egypt; they cover the face of the earth, and they are dwelling opposite me. Come now, curse this people for me, . . ."

Thurae ?
Thurae = Sheerae = Tel Sheer ?
17 to Regia
Unmarked distance to Gindaros
Could perhaps be the same place as Hierapolis:
Thurae = Hierae = Hierapolis ??

Hierapolis ?
Ιεράπολις = Hierapolis
Hierapolis* = Hiera = Arras* = Ar Rai ?
Hierapolis* = Hierae = Thurae* (5 miles W) ??
* These 3 cities are shown separately on the Peutinger map, but might all be the same city, as Arras' spur from the main route, looks like a later edit, and Thurae's distances would still work out if relocated to here.

Arras ?
Arras = Ar Rai ?
Arras = Al Rai ?
Arras = Alahan ?
Arras = Ajjasza ?
Hierapolis* = Hiera = Arras* = Ar Rai ?
* These 2 cities are shown separately on the Peutinger map, but might be the same city, as Arras' spur from the main route, looks like a later edit.

Bouba

Bouba ?
Βούβα = Bouba
Bouba = Bauba = Bab Lajmun ?
Bouba (Ptolemy) = Barbalisso (Peutinger) ? Doubtful.

Buba ?

Regia ?
Ρηγιάς = Regias = Capital
May also be on one of the hills, around the lake, to the South.

Chaonia ?
Χαονία = Chaonia
Chaonia (Ptolemy) = Channonia (Peutinger)
Channonia = Kayakent ?
20 to Cyrrus
28 to Bolica
Despite the 2 distance-embracing possibilities, it has to be here, rather than at the Parallelogram's opposite vertex, in order to maintain constellation with Beda & Doliche, as shown on the Peutinger's map .

Beda (Deba)
Δήβα = Deba
But all maps show Beda/Bida/Byda, instead.
Beda = Bedirkent
Beda = Bedirköy

Doliche / Bolica
Δολίχη = Doliche
Doliche (Ptolemy) = Bolica (Peutinger)
Bolica = Boyluca
28 to an inn, then 20 to Sugga
28 to Channunia

Sugga
Sugga = Aşağikaravaiz ?
Sugga = Aşağiyufkali ?
21 to Tarsa
20 to an inn, then 28 to Bolica.

Tarsa
Tarsa = Tarihi Korustan Koyu Cesmesi ?
Tarsa = Tsarsha = Sarichia = Sarikaya ?
19 to Samosata,
21 to Sugga

Arisera / Ad Serta

Ariseria / Ad Serta
'Αρισερία = Ariseria
Written "Arisena," on some maps.
Ptolemy's form:
Ariseria = Araseria = Azdere = Tinazdere ?
Ariseria = Araseria = Asera = Acer ?
Peutinger's form:
Ad Serta = Aserta = Acer ?
Ad Serta = Azerda = Tinazdere ?

Ariseria / Ad Serta ?
'Αρισερία = Ariseria
Written "Arisena," on some maps.
Arisena = Sinan ?
Peutinger's form:
Ad Serta = [Doesn't work].

ad Zociandum ?
ad Zociandum = Adsoci = Aşaği Aril ?

Eragiza / Eraciha

Eragiza / Eraciha
Έραγίζα ή Εργασίγα
Eragiza he Ergasiga
Eragiza or Ergasiga
Eragiza = Eraciha* = Arecidha = Arikdere ?
*Attested on the Peutinger map:
18 miles from Apammari (on the Euphrates).
16 or 25 or 41 miles from Hierapolis.
Perhaps 25 from Barbalisso.

Eragiza / Eraciha
Έραγίζα ή Ερρασίγα
Eragiza he Errasiga
Eragiza or Errasiga
Eraciha* = Eragiza = Alaghissah = Al Chassah = Al Khafsah ?
Eraciha* = Eragiza = Alaghissah = Al Chassah = Al Khasra ?
*Attested on the Peutinger map:
18 miles from Apammari (on the Euphrates).
16 or 25 or 41 (the latter!) miles from Hierapolis. Perhaps 25 from Barbalisso.
=== Book of Judith ===
Raschirea/Tiritta, Errasiga/Eragiza, Resaina, and Resapha/Risapa are no doubt part of the region of "Rassis" in Judith 2:23.

Γέρρη
Gerra = Charra* = Qere Qozaq (across the river)
Gerra = Charra* = Khirfan (2 miles SW) ?
Gerra = Nejeran = Anzaouiye/Anzawijja (عنزاوية) ?
Gerra = Nejeran = Hamaam Saghir (حمام صغير miles 4 NW) ?
Gerra = Charra* = Sarrin (7 miles SE) ?
"Serre," On the Peutinger map
✔Exactly the desired 13 miles from to "Betamali" (Ptolemy's "Betharmia").

?
Γέρρη = Gerra
Gerra = Gurudwara ?
Gerra = Charra* = Sarrin (Across the river) ?
Gerra = Charra* = Serre**
Charra* = Curre (Κυρ[ρ]ηστικής) = Charcamish.
**On the Peutinger map
A little longer than the desired 13 miles from to "Betamali" (Ptolemy's "Betharmia") Caecilia, on the Peutinger map.

Arimara / Apammari

Arimara / Apammari
Αριμάρα = Arimara
Arimara (Ptolemy) = Apammari (Peutinger)
8 miles from Gerre
18 miles from Eragiza
The name definitely belongs at the other location, at modern "Aamarne."
Arimara = Apammari = Aamarne
However both the Peutinger's map's distances and constellation call for it to be located here, instead. Indeed, it's surprising that the Peutinger map's path would twice reverse direction 180° (!), going from Betharmia, S to Gerre, and then back N to there, before heading S again to Eragiza. It is possible that the city moved from this location, in ancient times, to that one, in more modern times. One notices that exactly between the 2 possible locations there is a "Hayyah Kabirah" which could also be a form of Apamari's name (see below), thus lending further weight to the hypothesis of the city's once-upon-a-time northward migration.
Apammari = Apa-macri* = Hapha-Kabirah* = Hayyah Kabirah ?
* Means "Great," in Greek and Arabic, respectively.

Arimara / Apammari ?
Αριμάρα = Arimara
Arimara (Ptolemy) = Apammari (Peutinger)
Arimara = Apammari = Aamarne
8 miles from Gerre
18 miles from Eragiza
The name definitely belongs here, at modern "Aamarne." However both the Peutinger's map's distances and constellation call for it to be located at the other location. Indeed, it's surprising that the Peutinger map's path would twice reverse direction 180° (!), going from Betharmia, S to Gerre, and then back N to here, before heading S again to Eragiza. It is possible that the city moved from that location, in ancient times, to this one, in more modern times. One notices that exactly between the 2 possible location there is a "Hayyah Kabirah" which could also be a form of Apamari's name (see below), thus lending further weight to the hypothesis of the city's once-upon-a-time northward migration.
Apammari = Apa-macri* = Hapha-Kabirah* = Hayyah Kabirah ?
* Means "Great," in Greek and Arabic, respectively.

Betharmia
Βηθαμ[μ]αρία ή Βηθαμανία
Betham[m]aria he Bethamania
Betham[m]aria or Bethamania
Bethamarnia = Tell Amarna* ?
Betharmia = Marma al-Hajar (2 miles N) ?
* Note: This is not the more famous Tell Amarna, in Egypt.
"Betamali" on the Peutinger map.
✔ Exactly the Peutinger map's requisite 14 miles from "Caecilia."

Caicilia
Καικιλία
Caicilia (Ptolemy) = Ceciliana (Peutinger)
Caicilia = Cailicia = Kelekil ?
Caicilia = Cailicia = Gairicia = Gurçay ?
Caicilia = Çiçekalan ?
13 to Betamali
16 to [unnamed double hut symbol which may be Zeugma] ?
The Peutinger map actually gives to distances from here to Zeugma: 16 miles, and 24 miles. This location would use the 16 mile distance. This is the most preferable site, even better than Charchemish site, just downstream, because thissite is also the Peutinger map's requisite 14 miles from "Betamali" (Ptolemy's "Betharmia").

Zeugma
Ζευγμα = Zeugma
See local historical site pictures.

Aroudas

Aroudas / Arulis ?
Αρουδής = Aroudas
Aroudas (Ptolemy) = Arulis (Peutinger)
Aroudas = Arhoudash = Achouda(c)h = Akbudak ?

Aroudas / Arulis ?
Αρουδής = Aroudas
the Peutinger map shows "Arulis."
Arulis = Harule = Sharuler = Sarilar ?

Samosata Legion
Σαμόσατα Λεγίων
Samosata of the Legions

Seleucia west

Naharr(a/e)

Naharre ?
Αγάῤῥα
Agarra
῎Αγρα
Agra
Naharr(a/e)
"Nahr" (نهر) means "River" in Aramaic & Arabic
Agarra        (E, in Ptolemy) =
= Naharre (E on Peutinger map) =
= Agra        (W, in Ptolemaic revision) ?? =
= Naharra (W, on Peutinger map) ??
Naharre = Madhar ?
24 to another "Haharra" [but should perhaps be 94 to Ctesiphon]
24     to Monumenta Regum
64 thru Monumenta Regum to Sohene
120 thru Monumenta Regum & Sohene to Seleucia (to the South)

Naharr(a/e)
Αγάῤῥα
Agarra
῎Αγρα
Agra
"Nahr" (نهر) means "River" in Aramaic & Arabic
Agarra        (E, in Ptolemy) =
= Naharre (E on Peutinger map) =
= Agra        (W, in Ptolemaic revision) ?? =
= Naharra (W, on Peutinger map) ??
"Naharrae" on the Peutinger map.
Located here according to the Barrington Atlas' positioning of "Kas(h)kar", probably based on scattered local monuments, but should probably be placed 26 miles to the East, at the local placename "Ali ash Sharqi."
Nippur = Naharra = ?
24 to another "Haharra" [but should perhaps be 94 to Ctesiphon]
24     to Monumenta Regum
64 thru Monumenta Regum to Sohene
120 thru Monumenta Regum & Sohene to Seleucia (to the South)

Αγάῤῥα
Agarra
῎Αγρα
Agra
"Nahr" (نهر) means "River" in Aramaic & Arabic
Agarra        (E, in Ptolemy) =
= Naharre (E on Peutinger map) =
= Agra        (W, in Ptolemaic revision) ?? =
= Naharra (W, on Peutinger map) ??
Agarra = Aj Jarraca ="Ali ash Sharqi" ?
Agarra = Naharre = Ash'sharee ="Ali ash Sharqi" ?
24 to another "Haharra" [but should perhaps be 94 to Ctesiphon]
24     to Monumenta Regum
64 thru Monumenta Regum to Sohene
120 thru Monumenta Regum & Sohene to Seleucia (to the South)

Agarra = Naharra = Amahara = Amarah ?
Agarra = Naharra = Na'Halla = Al Halfayah ??

Located here according to the Barrington Atlas' positioning of "Kas(h)kar", probably based on scattered local monuments, but should probably be placed 26 miles to the East, at the local placename "Ali ash Sharqi."

Possible sites

Monumenta Regum

Monumenta Regum ?
Monumenta Regum
"Monuments of Kings"
=== Debunk ===
This is the wrongfully-assumed site of "Alexandria Spasinou Charax." However, that is definitely wrong, as that site is 430 miles southeast, at the Straits of Hormuz.
=== Discussion ===
This is possibly the site of the Monument of Kings, as this is a major ancient city, just by sheer size, and about 40 miles from Sohene (assuming that that location is correctly identified). However, if the 2 identified sites of "Naharr(a/e)" are correct, then the other site for the Monument of Kings might be instead correct.
=== Wikipedia on Charax Spasinu ===
Excavations on the site [this site!] started in 2016, which revealed that the city was laid out on a grid pattern with housing block 185 by 85 m square. These belong to the largest blocks in the ancient world. Two large public buildings were detected, but are not yet excavated.
40 to Sohene
24 [should be 34, if the site is correct] to Naharre

Monumenta Regum ??
Monumenta Regum
"Monuments of Kings"
By triangulation, the correct site should be here, and anywhere up to 10 miles either NNE, or SSW, nearly all of which is inconveniently underwater. Of course, all this assumes that the 2 sources of triangulation--Naharre, as Madhar, and Sohene as Shirin Shahr--are themselves correctly identified .
40 to Sohene
24     to Naharre
48 thru Naharre to Naharra

Sohe(n/ri)e

Sohene
Sushen = Sohene = Susangerd* ?
* The "-n-" in Sohene makes modern Susangerd, with an "-n-", slightly more likely than Susa.
56 [but should be 71] to Seleucia (to the South)
40     to Monumenta Regum                       (to the West)
64 thru Monumenta Regum to Haharrah (to the West)

Sohene
Sohene = Shirin Shahr ?
56 to Seleucia (to the South)
40     to Monumenta Regum                       (to the West)
64 thru Monumenta Regum to Haharrah (to the West)

Sohene
Susa = Sohene ?
56 to Seleucia (to the South)
40     to Monumenta Regum                       (to the West)
64 thru Monumenta Regum to Haharrah (to the West)

Soherie
Ezra* = Uzair
Ezra* = Soherie
Ezra* = Soherie = Abu Sharibah ??
*Claimed site of Ezra's tomb.
56 [but should be 106] to Seleucia
40 to Monumentum regum

Berta

Berta ??
Berta
Berta (Peutinger) = Belesi Biblada (Isidore of Charax)
Berta = Al Bert* ?
Berta = Al Obaidy* ?
Berta = Al Phehta = Afeeth ?
Berta = Ertaje ??
* Location should be somewhere around here, even though the placenames have migrated 15 miles W.
5 schoeni to Giddan
6 schoeni to treasure-island of Phraates

Berta
Berta (Peutinger) = Belesi Biblada (Isidore of Charax)
Berta = Al Bert* ?
Berta = Al Obaidy* ?
Berta = Al Phehta = Afeeth ?
Berta = Ertaje ??
* If this is so, then the city was probably later moved to Obaidy's location, because it should be 15 miles E of here, as required by the distances below.
5 schoeni to Giddan
6 schoeni to treasure-island of Phraates

Epiphania

Armenia

Artaxata East

2nd Possibility
Less likely because
- It doesn't actually return to Sanora.
- Lalla & Ugubre are lower quality matches.

Paracata
[NOTE: This city is out of order on the Peutinger map, wrongly swapped with Coloceia, for each location's derived placenames demand it thus.]
Paracata = Umm* Barak = Ombulak
Paracata = Maracartah = Nahirkiran ?
*Umm means "village" in Arabic.
24 to Hariha
33 to Coloceia

Hariza
Hariza = Horasan
24 [but should be 94] to Raugonia
24 [but should be 94] to Coloceia

Coloceia
Ζογοκάρα (ἢ Ζογόρακα)
Zogo(cara/raca)
[NOTE: This city is out of order on the Peutinger map, wrongly swapped with Paracata, for each location's derived placenames demand it thus.]
Zogoraca (Ptolemy) = Zo'Coroceia = Coloceia (Peutinger)
=== Or: ===
Zogocara (Ptolemy) =
= Dzohocarta =
= Tsolakert =
= Coloceia (Peutinger)
Zogoraca = Shohorhaceh = Aşağierhaci
Zogocara = Dzohocarta = Tsolakert = Iğdır
Coloceia = Ya Colichericeh = Yukariçarikci
Coloceia = Ya Colichericeh = Küllük
Zogoraca = Tzacura = Tacirli
33 to Paracata
23 to Artaxata

Raugonia
Raugonia = H'Raucan = The'Rucan = Tercan ?
[Distances dictate that the site has to be here, a major crossroads.]
24 to Colchion
24 [but should be 143] to Hariza * Kara means "black" in Turkish

Charinda river

Χαρινδα ποτομου εκβολαι
Charinda river
Charinda = Churat ?
Charinda = Khorshid ?

Χαρινδα ποτομου εκβολαι
Charinda river
Charinda = Churat ?

Untitled Polygon

N Armenias

Araxes river

Araxes river
Ποταμοὶ δὲ διαῤῥέουσι τὴν χώραν ὁ τε Αράξης ποταμὸς, ὃς τὰς μὲν ἐκβολὰς ἔχει κατὰ θέσιν τῆς Ὑρκανίας θαλάσσης, ἢ ἐπέχει μοίρας . . . 79.75, 43.83
τὰς δὲ πηγὰς κατὰ θέσιν ἐπέχουσαν μοίρας . . . 76.5, 42.5
ἀφ᾽ ὧν ὁρμηθεὶς πρὸς ἀνατολὰς μέχρι τοῦ Κασπίου ὄρους καὶ ἐπιστρέψας πρὸς ἄρκτους, τῇ μὲν εἰς τὴν Υρκανίαν ἐκβάλλει, τῇ δὲ συμβάλλει τῷ Κύρῳ ποτα- μῷ κατὰ θέσιν ἐπέχουσαν μοίρας . . . 78.5, 44.5
But there are rivers that divide the land: Indeed, the Araxes river, which has its outflows now, at the place of the Hyrcanian Sea, which has location . . . 79.75, 43.83
but is having its headwaters at location . . . 76.5, 42.5
from which, having been urged on towards the east, until the Caspian Mountain and, having turned toward the north, on the one hand, it outflows into the Hyrcania[n Sea], but on the other it unites to the Kura river at the place having location . . . 78.5, 44.5

Ποταμοὶ δὲ διαῤῥέουσι τὴν χώραν ὁ τε Αράξης ποταμὸς, ὃς τὰς μὲν ἐκβολὰς ἔχει κατὰ θέσιν τῆς Ὑρκανίας θαλάσσης, ἢ ἐπέχει μοίρας . . . 79.75, 43.83
τὰς δὲ πηγὰς κατὰ θέσιν ἐπέχουσαν μοίρας . . . 76.5, 42.5
But there are rivers that divide the land: Indeed, the Araxes river, which has its outflows now, at the place of the Hyrcanian Sea, which has location . . . 79.75, 43.83
but is having its headwaters at location . . . 76.5, 42.5

Araxes river
Ποταμοὶ δὲ διαῤῥέουσι τὴν χώραν ὁ τε Αράξης ποταμὸς, ὃς τὰς μὲν ἐκβολὰς ἔχει κατὰ θέσιν τῆς Ὑρκανίας θαλάσσης, ἢ ἐπέχει μοίρας . . . 79.75, 43.83
τὰς δὲ πηγὰς κατὰ θέσιν ἐπέχουσαν μοίρας . . . 76.5, 42.5
But there are rivers that divide the land: Indeed, the Araxes river, which has its outflows now, at the place of the Hyrcanian Sea, which has location . . . 79.75, 43.83
but is having its headwaters at location . . . 76.5, 42.5

Kura river

Trapehunte
Τραπεζοῦς
Trapezous
Trapezous (Ptolemy) =
= Trapezousai (Ptolemaic revision) =
= Trapehunte (Peutinger)
Trapez(o)us = Traozon
24 to Hysillime
20 to Magnana
16 to Corchle

Hysillime
Hysillime = Şurmene
Hysillime = Yeşilce
24 to Trapehunte
18 [but should be 15] to Opiunte

Opiunte
Ὀπιοῦς (ἢ Πιτυοῦσα)
Opious (or Pitousa)
Opious (Ptolemy)= Opiunte (Peutinger)
Opiunte = Oph = Of
18 [but should be 15] to Hysillime
15 [but should be 18] to Reila

Reila
Ῥιζοῦς λιμήν
Rizous Port
Rizous Port (Ptolemy) = Rejila = Reila (Peutinger)
Rizous = Rize
15 [but should be 18] to Opiunte
18 [but should be 23] to Ardineo

Ardineo
Ardineo = Ardesen
18 [but should be 23] to Reila
16 to Athenis

Athenis
᾿Αθηνῶν ἄκρον
Athenon Promontory
Athenon Promontory (Ptolemy) = Athenis (Peutinger)
Athenis = A'hebis = Arhavi
16 to Ardineo
9 [but should be 43] to Abgabes

Abgabes
Abgabes = Ab Kabiets = Kobuleti
9 [but should be 43] to Athenis
11 [but should be 40] to Cissa

Cissa
Κίσσα ποταμοῦ ἐκβολαί
Cissa river
[Modern Patara Enguri river]
Cissa river (Ptolemy) = Cissa (Peutinger)
Cissa = Khaishi
Cissa = Khurcha
Cissa = Tcissa = Tkaia
Cissa = Tsissa = Tsaishi
11 [but should be 49] to Abgabes
16 [but should be 21] to Apsaro

Apsaro
Αψοῤῥος
Apsorros
Apsorros (Ptolemy) = Apsaro (Peutinger)
Apsorros = Abchuruh = Ochamchire
[See also placenames connected with the nearby Apsorros river.]
16 [but should be 21] to Cissa
6 [but should be 45] to Portualtu

Portualtu
Portualtu = "Upper port," referring to the farthest into the lagoon that a ship could travel. We can perhaps even now see the port from the air, in the form of the half-moon sandbar, now appearing as fields.
Portualtu = [Half-moon lunette shape] ?
6 [should be 45] to Apsaro
12 to Apasidam

Apasidam
Apasidam = Abasha
12 to Portualtu
3 [should be 8] to Nigro

Nigro
Nigro = "Black" in Latin
"Black" = Shavi (შავი) = Sajavakho ?
Nigro = Nigorzghva
Nigro = Zemo Nogha
Nigro = Kvemo Nogha
* in Georgian.
3 [should be 8] to Apasidam
6 to Cariente [Nope!*]
* Nope! An erroneous swap occurred:
As written, . . .
Nigro - VI - Phasin - III - Cariente - XVI - Chobus
. . . should really be . . .
Nigro - III - Cariente - VI - Phasin - XVI - Chobus
. . . which is actually a miscopied . . .
Nigro - LII - Cariente - XI - Phasin - XXI - Chobus

Cariente
Cariente = Chkheri town & castle
3 to Phasin [Nope!*]
16 to Chobus [Nope!*]
* Nope! An erroneous swap occurred:
As written, . . .
Nigro - VI - Phasin - III - Cariente - XVI - Chobus
. . . should really be . . .
Nigro - III - Cariente - VI - Phasin - XVI - Chobus
. . . which is actually a miscopied . . .
Nigro - LII - Cariente - XI - Phasin - XXVI - Chobus

Phasin
Phasin = Bhazuh = Bezhatubani
Phasin = Bhadzuh = Nebodziri Tower
6 to Nigro [Nope!*]
3 to Cariente [Nope!*]
* Nope! An erroneous swap occurred:
As written, . . .
Nigro - VI - Phasin - III - Cariente - XVI - Chobus
. . . should really be . . .
Nigro - III - Cariente - VI - Phasin - XVI - Chobus
. . . which is actually a miscopied . . .
Nigro - LII - Cariente - XI - Phasin - XXVI - Chobus

Chobus
Chobus = Kheoba
Chobus = Chovuh = Khvedureti
16 to Cariente
19 [but should be 29] to Sicanabis [Nope!*]
Nigro - LII - Cariente - XI - Phasin - XXVI - Chobus

Sicanabis
Sicanabis = Sihamhavis = Samtavisi
19 [but should be 29] to Chobus
4 [but should be 9] to Cyanes

Cyanes
Cyanes = Aghaiani
Cyanes = Shyome = Shiomgvime monastery ??
(Sheer guess, based only on this being a crossroads)
4 [but should be 9] to Sicanabis
12 [but should be 22] to Taffiros

Taffiros
Ζάλισσα
Zalissa
Tsiviletsi = Tzahilos = Zalissa (Ptolemy, or editor)
Tsiviletsi = Tibirotz = Taffiros (Peutinger)
Zalissa = Zahesi ?
Taffiros = Tubilus = Tbilisi
Tsiviletsi = Tzobaleti = Tsodoreti
Tsiviletsi = Tsuh'vuri = Tskhvarichamia
12 [but should be 22] to Cyanes
4 to Stempeo
=== Potential typo ===
Perhaps Taffiros is a miswritten "Tafsiros," or more likely "Tassiros." That latter would probably reverse the causality, making the Ptolemaic form older:
Zalissa (Ptolemy) = Tzalssah = Tassiros (Peutinger) ??
But then we would completely lose the "-b-" sound from the word Tbilisi, and its cousin "-d-" sound from Tsodoreti. So this option not as good as was written above.

Neo
Νήγα
Nega
Neoris, genitive form of probable . . .
Neo (Pliny the Elder) = Neho = Nega (Ptolemy) ?
Neo = Norio ?
=== Plini the Elder, Natural History 6.11 ===
The whole plain which extends away from the river Cyrus is inhabited by the nation of the Albani, and, after them, by that of the Iberi, who are separated from them by the river Alazon, which flows into the Cyrus from the Caucasian chain. The chief cities are Cabalaca, in Albania, Harmastis, near a river of Iberia, and Neoris; there is the region also of Thasie, and that of Triare, extending as far as the mountains known as the Paryadres. Beyond these are the desert[ed region]s of Colchios, . . ."
--- Original Latin ---
Planitiem omnem a Cyro usque Albanorum gens tenet, mox Hiberum, discreta ab iis amne Ocazane in Cyrum Caucasis montibus defluente. praevalent oppida Albaniae Cabalaca, Hiberiae Harmastus iuxta flumen, Neoris, regio Thasie et Thriare usque ad Parihedros montes. ultra sunt Colchicae solitudines,

Stempeo
Stempeo = Zempo Tbiletsi = Zemo Teleti
4 to Taffiros
4 to Sebastopolis

Sebastopolis
Sebastopolis = Vastovan* = Vashlovani
* "Van" means "town," in Armenia.
4 to Stempeo
60 [but should be 9] to Ad Fontem Felicem

Ad Fontem Felicem
"To the Happy Fountain"*
Ad Fontem Felicem = Chivchavi Waterfall**
** At end of side-spur
60 [but should be 9] to Sebastopolis
35 [but should be 45] to Ad Mercurium

"To Mercury"
Ad Mercurium = Amrakits
35 [but should be 45] to Ad Fontem Felicem
45 to Caspiae

Caspiae
Caspiae = Cassickbyah = Cats'hugbyah = Katnaghbyur
Caspiae = Catsbah = Catmara = Katnarat ?
45 [but should be 14] to Ad Mercurium
5 to Apulum

Apulum
Apulum = Lake Arpi National Park ?
[Note ruins here. If this is the correct place, then the 2 listed distances are swapped, by mistake.]
5 to Caspiai
7 to Pagas

Pagas
Pagas = "Fountains," in Greek
[Lying in the saddle here, between two enormous slopes, this would be a natural place for springs to develop. Note ruins here.]
7 to Apulum
40 [but should be 11] to Gaulita

Gaulita
Gaulita = Gegharot
40 [but should be 11] to Pagas
14 [but should be 7] to Misium

Misium
Misium = Mayisyan
Misium = Mush II ??
14 [but should be 7] to Gaulita
10 [But should be 5] to Condeso

Condeso
Condeso = Carnetso = Karnut ?
Condeso = Cometso = Komitas ?
Condeso = Cometso = Kamitas = Kamo ?
10 [But should be 8??* . . . no 5] to Misium
14 [but should be 43] to Strangira
* Karnut is closest, linguistically. However, it's unlikely that a written VIII (8) would get mis-written as a X (10). So this would seem to support the 2nd site of Komitas. But the problem with that site, is that, to go there, you would have to pass through the major city of Gyumri, ancient Kymri, which would surely be mentioned. Therefore the 3rd site and seems to be correct. This site has both distances correct, 5 to Misium, and 43 to Strangira.

Strangira
Strangira = S'hurlanj =Saralanj
14 to Condeso
30 to Artaxata

Artaxata
Αρταξάτα
Artaxata (Ptolemy) = Artaxata (Peutinger)
Artaxata = Artashat
23 to Paracata
30 to Strangira
20 [but should be 90] to Geluina

Geluina
Geluina = Guilstan ?
Geluina = Julfa ?
20 [but should be 90] to Artaxa
24 to Sanora

Sanora
Sanora = Sahira = Siyra = Siyahrud* ?
Sanora = Noria = Norja = Noordoz
Sanora = Siyahrud + Noordoz**
Sanora = Noria = Nordja = Nowjeh Mehr ?
Sanora = Noordoz = Ordus = Ordubad ?
Sanora = Noordoz = Duzal ?
* Rud means river, in Persian
** I.e, the whole gap-crossroads-area, from the pin, 7 miles in all directions.
24 to Geluina
12 [but should be 62] to Lalla
24 to Bustica

Lalla
Λάλα
Lala
Lala (Ptolemy) = Lalla (Peutinger)
Lala = Lara = Larijan
12 [but should be 62] to Sanora
10 [but should be 60] to Ugubre

Ugubre
Gymri = Cimmerians
Gymri = Ugubre
Gymri = Ugubre = Qulubəyli ? Gymri = Ugubre = Gyulmirza ?
10 [but should be 60] to Lala
40 to Teleda

Teleda
Teleda = Tbeleds = Dedeleh = Lake Dadilgan*
Teleda = Tbeleds = Bolehiasuvarski* = Bileh Savar
40 to Ugubre
44 to Philado

Philado
Philado = Boladi
Philado = Boradigah ?
Philado = Bileh Savar ??
44 to Teleda
9 to Leheta
? to Laho

Leheta ?
Leheta = Leneka = Lankaran
9 to Philado

Lazo
[Typo: Lazo maybe Laho.]
Lazo = Razi* ?
Laho = Lahrud** ?
Laho = Lari
* The other 2 cities are better, Etymologically; however the 40-mile-distance of them to Satara can by no means be reconciled by a simple mis-copying-error. Therefore, this must be the correct site, instead,
** Rud means "River", in Persian.
16 [but should be 66] to Satara

Satara
Sutara = Athara = Ahar ?
18 [but should be 23] to Bustica
16 to Laho

Bustica
᾿Αστακάνα
Astacana
Astacana (Ptolemy) = Hustacan = Bustica (Peutinger)
Bustica = Varzeqan ?
Bustica = Bishak ?
24 [but should be 34] to Sanora
18 [but should be 23] to Satara

Artaxata South

=== Peutinger Redundancy ===
The cause of the green segment reappearing twice (see pic) is likely that it was done first on the left folio, and then the author later decided to continue a spur from Nasabi, into central Persia, but realized he was on the wrong side of the river "Flumei Persi" river, which would block him from drawing the spur.]

Alternate ending

Anti-Taurus Mts.

Anti-Taurus Mts.
Αντιταύρος
Anti-tauros Mts.
καὶ τοῦ Αντιταύρου τὸ ἐντὸς τοῦ Εὐφράτου, οὗ τὸ μέσον ἐπέχει μοίρας 72, 41.67
And the [mountain] of the Anti-Taurus, within the [2 branches of the] Euphrates, whose middle has location 72, 41.67

Catispi
Catispi = Tel Cutepsi = Tūlkī Tappehsī
[Notice ruins all over the hill, at pin.]
39 to The Taurus Mts. [i.e, Mount Ararat, as the Taurus' eastern terminus in this region, as per Ptolemy's Geography]
27 [but should be 32] to Sorvae

Sorvae

Sorvae
Sorvae = Sohfa = Şuvən Kəndi ?
Sorvae = Sohfa = Sofu Kəndi ?
Sorvae = Sohfa = Qurdarik-e Sofla ?
27 to Catispi
24 [but should be 114] or ? (unmarked) to Anteba

Sorvae ?
Sorvae = Dzourp* = Dowrt Aghach ?
Sorvae = Dzourp* = Dowrt = Dowzan ?
Sorvae = Ravand ?
* Means "holy", in Armenian.
27 [but should be 32] to Catispi
24 or ? to Anteba

Sorvae ?
Sorvae = Solfae = Zaviyeh-ye Sofla* ?
Sorvae = Sorbuh = Dzordzor chapel ?
Sorvae = Zorava** = Ravand ?
* "Sofla" ends many city names around here.
** On 1861 Rumsey Historical map
27 to Catispi
24 or ? to Anteba

Sorvae?

Anteba

Anteba
Anteba = Anheban = Naybin ?
Anteba = Anheban = Tabbat* ?
Anteba = Deba = Beba = Babaru** = Babarud*** ?
* Anteba(h) literally means "Opposite Tabbat." ** On 1861 Rusmey Historical map.
*** Rud means "river" in Persian
24 [but should be 94] to Sorvae
24 [but should be 34] to Nasabi

Anteba ?
Anteba = Qarah Tepa = Qarah Tappeh* ?
Anteba = Kandeba = Mafi Kandi ?
Anteba = Dilman = Salmas (11 miles SSW) ?
* Means "Black Mount."
24 to Sorvae
24 [but should be 114] to Nasabi

Anteba ?
Anteba
"Across from the Abos Mt.*"
* See Ptolemy's geography, that the Abos mountain is the triangle of mountains from here, to a vertex 47 miles SSW, and to another vertex 70 miles NNW, at Avajik.
24 to Sorue
24 to Nasabi

Anteba ?
Anteba = Handheb = Miandoab ?
24 to Sorue
24 to Nasabi

Anteba = Anhabar = Anbar-e Olya?
24 to Sorue
24 to Nasabi

Nasabi

Nasabi
Νάζαδα Nazada 38, 86 Nazada (Ptolemy) = Nasabi (Peutinger) Nazada = Nakhodeh* = Nakqadeh *On Rumsey Historical map Longitude: 83 - But should be 86, relative to Alinza: ("γ" should be "ς") - Therefore, medieval Ptolemaic maps wrongly show this WEST of Alinza. Latitude: 38 17 [but should be 92] to (I/T)sumbo. 24 to Anteba 17 to Gobdi (?)
=== Peutinger Redundancy ===
The cause of the green segment reappearing twice (see pic) is likely that it was done first on the left folio, and then the author later decided to continue a spur from Nasabi, into central Persia, but realized he was on the wrong side of the river "Flumei Persi" river, which would block him from drawing the spur.]

Nasabi
Νάζαδα
Nazada
38, 86
Nazada (Ptolemy) = Nasabi (Peutinger)
Nazada = Nakhodeh* = Nakqadeh
*On Rumsey Historical map
Longitude: 83 - But should be 86, relative to Alinza: ("γ" should be "ς") - Therefore, medieval Ptolemaic maps wrongly show this WEST of Alinza.
27 to (I/T)sumbo.
24 to Anteba
17 to Gobdi (?)

Gobdi

Gobdi
Gutium = Gupti = Gobdi
Guti = Cotaia (Ptolemy) ?
Guti = Gobdi = Gordium region*
Guti = Gobdi = Gordyene region* = Kurds = Carduchi (600-0)
Guti = Gobdi = Gordyene region* = Kurds = Cutheans** = Samaritans**
*Note: Wikipedia puts Gordium, far to the West in Phrygian Anatolia; I'm not talking about that area; they probably just were an offshoot from this older Gordyene region, just next door, south of Lake Van.
** Josephus, Antiquities 10.9.7: "Now as to Shalmanezer, he removed the Israelites out of their countrey, and placed therein the nation of the Cutheans: who had formerly belonged to the inner parts of Persia and Media; but were then called Samaritans;"
Gobdi = Gapis ?
Gobdi = Gabazeleh ?
Gobdi = Gorbduh = Gerdeh Gerow ?
Gobdi = Gobdj = Gogtapeh ?
Gobdi = Hajji Khvosh ??
17 [but should be 22] to Nasabi
24 [but probably should be 114] to Philadelphia

Gobdi
Gobdi = Ghori = Khoy?
Gobdi = Ghori = Her* ?
Gobdi = Ghorbi = Chorabi = Shorab ?
*See below
=== Wikipedia on Khoy ===
Khoy was mentioned in VIII century AD and was called Her

Philadelphia

Philadelphia ?
Adur Gushnasp Fire Temple
Ancient city of Shiz
Modern city of Takab
[One of the top 3 most sacred fire temples, in all of Zoroastrianism. The term for these 3 top-level temples was "Atash Behram" commonly translated as "Fire of Victory." However note alternative translation, in bold below, suggesting that it doesn't mean this, but instead means "brotherly/comrade love." This particular 1 of the 3 temples, was for the warrior class, hence perhaps the basis for the Hellenization to "Philadelphia" (meaning "brotherly [i.e, comrade] love"). ]
Or possible other location, 16 mi. NNE
"Love of Brothers" = "Esh brâdar"* = Atash Behram ?
"Love of Brothers" = Philadelphia** (Peutinger map) ?
"Love of Brothers" = "Ish brâdar"*** = Ech'Padar = Chapdareh ?
"Love" = "Ish"*** = Shiz (see above) ?
* In Middle Persian (عشق برادر)
** In Greek
** In Old Persian ("iš brātā")
Āzargušasb = Ghojeh
24 [but probably should be 94] to Gobdi
20 to Tris Peda

Philadelphia ?
Philadelphia = Bhilideypa = Bhaldea = Valdeyan ?
24 to Gobdi
20 to Tris Poda

Philadelphia
"Brotherly Love"
Persian: "barâdarân [brother] asica [love]"
Turkish: "kardeş [brother] aşk [love]"
Kardishask = Kaldhachask = Kalankash ?
24 to Gobdi
20 to Tris Poda

Tris Poda

Tris Poda
Tris Peda
Tripod = Tris Peda*
Tripod = Seh Payeh** = Safaris*** = Safa Riz
* In Greek
** In Persian (سه پایه)
*** On 1861 Rumsey Historical map
20 [but should be 90] to Philadelphia
45 to Paresaca

Tris Poda
(Tripod-looking mountain.)
20 to Philadelphia
45 to Parelaca

Tris Poda = Tahris = Tabriz ?
20 to Philadelphia
45 to Parelaca

Paresaca

Paresaca
Εκβάτανα
Ecbatana
88, 37.75
Ecbatana (Ptolemy) = Persica = Paresaca (Peutinger)
=== Common Confutation ===
Notice that the Peutinger map's phrase "Ecbatanis Partiorum" or "Ecbatana of the Parthians," implies that there are many Ecbatanas, one for each nation. And this makes sense, given that Ecbatana means "Assembly meeting-place," so there are as many Ecbatanas as there are governments. Therefore, the Peutinger map calls this particular Ecbatana "Perseca," implying that it's the Ecbatana of the PERSIANS (not Parthians). Everyone thinks that this one is the only Ecbatana, but that isn't true. There are at least 3:
1 here (for the Persians),
1 in Persepolis (for the Parthians), and
1 at Rey, a suburb of Tehran (for the Medes).
The proof that this is not THE Ecbatana, but instead the one by Tehran is the true Ecbatana, is the claim in Tobit below, and that for two reasons:
The distance between Ecbatana and Rages (which scholars think is at the same Rey, outside Tehran), is not by any means a a mere 2 days' journey apart, as Tobit says below, but a whopping 175 miles! (However the distance between my Ecbatana at Tehran, and MY Rages (at Amol, on the S. Caspian seacoast), is a just-camel-rideable-in-2-days 80 miles.)
That Ecbatana is completely "in the plain," as Tobit says, whereas this one is surrounded by imposing mountains.]
Cambadene* =          Batan = Baptana*
Cambadene* = Hambatan = Hamedan
Semiramis* = Maryanaj ?
Semiramis* = Simin ?
45 to Tris Peda
4 [but should be 14] to Arabum
* See Isidore of Charax, below.
=== Isidore of Charax ===
From that place [Lower Media], [next is the region of] Cambadene, which extends 31 schoeni, in which there are 5 villages, in which there are stations, and a city, Bagistana, situated on a mountain; there is a statue and a pillar of Semiramis.
§ 5. BAGISTANA: the text is corrupt, having Baptana.
=== IranicaOnline Website ===
Cambadene was a satrapy whose main town was Baptana, located in the foothills of a mountain on which was carved a representation of Semiramis.
I have often traveled to Media; I used to stay with our kinsman Gabael, who lives at Rages in Media. It is a good two days’ journey from Ecbatana to Rages,* for Rages is situated in the mountains, but Ecbatana is in the middle of the plain.”
* Note that this is only in SOME translations.
[Returning from Ecbatana & Rages in Media:] When they came near to Kaserin [Soran Iraq], which is opposite Nineveh [and which is in line betwen Nineveh and that OTHER Ecbatana at Tehran], Raphael said, . . .
=== Possibly instead Elymais ===
Josephus & 1 Macc. 6:1 calls it "Elymais"
2 Macc. 9:2 calls it "Persepolis"
Josephus (see below) calls it a temple of Diana
Inanna = Anahita = Anat* = Di** Ana = Diana ?
Inanna = Anahita = Anat* = Diana* ?
*Goddess of hunting
** Means "divine"
Elymais = Halymadza = Hamedan ?
The advantage of this site is that there is . . .
a great palace known to have been repeatedly looted by Greek rulers.
a temple of Anahita.
=== Josephus XII.9.1. ===
About this time it was that king Antiochus, as he was going over the upper countries, heard that there was a very rich city in Persia, called Elymais; and therein a very rich temple of Diana, and that it was full of all sorts of donations dedicated to it; as also weapons and breastplates, which, upon inquiry, he found had been left there by Alexander, the son of Philip, king of Macedonia. And being incited by these motives, he went in haste to Elymais, and assaulted it, and besieged it. But as those that were in it were not terrified at his assault, nor at his siege, but opposed him very courageously, he was beaten off his hopes; for they drove him away from the city, and went out and pursued after him, insomuch that he fled away as far as Babylon, and lost a great many of his army.
There's another temple supposedly dedicated to Anahita down in Kangevar, 36 miles to the SW.

Paresaca ?
Parasaca = Sachan = Sahand* ?
Parasaca = Hrosaca = Hosca = Osku ?
Parasaca = Bara + Acha = Baranula + Achula = Baranlu + Akhula** ?
*However, the name Sahand occurs all across the Mountain range, to the SE of here:
** 2 cities 6 miles NW of the pin.
Sahend Protected Area
Mt. Sahend ski resort
45 to Tris Poda
4 to Arabum

Arabum

Arabum
Arabum = Baraband
4 [but should be 14] to Paresaca
7 to Eneca

Albania
Arabum (Peutinger) = Albania (Peutinger) ?

Arabum ?
Arabum = "Of the Arabs"
Arabes ("Arabs") = Asbes ?
4 to Paralaca
7 to Eneca

Eneca

Eneca
Eneca = Netchah = Neshar
7 to Arabum
4 [but should be 9 or 14] to Rhasum

Eneca ?
Eneca = Hengha = Shenja = Asenjan ?
7 to Arabum
4 to Rhasum

Rhasum

Rhasum
Rhasum = Rhaz jerd* = Rahjerd
Rhasum = Abdol Rahim ??
4 [but should be 14] to Eneca
4 to Ad Tormenta

Ad Tomenta

Ad Tomenta
"To the cushions/mattresses" *
Cushion = Kosan** = Chizan ?
Cushion = Kosan** = Kholuzin ?
Cushion = Kosan** = Gasam = Ghasem Abad ??
** In Persian (کوسن). Even if this isn't in ancient Persian, it may still be appropriate, if the city-name was continually changed, as the cushion-word used changed.
[The prepended "Ad" means that this ancient place is an ancient turn-off, to go TO the Cushions, not the cushions themselves.]
4 to Rhasum
4 [but probably should be 53] to Naucanio

Naucanio

Naucanio
Naucanio = Mauganion = Meighan Lake
Naucanio = Mauganion = Meyghan
4 [but should be 53] to Ad Tomenta
6 [but should be 56] to Nicea Nialis

Naucanio
Naucanio = Qameshlu ?
4 [but should be 14] to Ad Tomenta
6 [but should be 16] to Nicea Nialis

Hyrcanio
Hyrcanio = Urcando = Kandovan
Alexander = Iscander = Eskandan (5 miles NNW) ?
Note cliff-cut rock-houses everywhere.
Alternatively could be the village of Ansarood, 4 miles NE, which falls under the same jurisdiction.
4 to Ad Tormenta
6 [but should be 16] to Nicea Hialis

Rhasum
Rhasum = Harazan = Narjan = Anarjan ?
4 to Eneca
4 to Ad Tormenta

Nicea Hialis

Battle

Nicea Nialia ?
Nicea Nialia
"Nialia Victory"
Nicea = Nurzeah = Marzian ?
Paraitacene = Fars province = Farzian ?
"Victory" = Piruzi* = Farzian ?
"Victory" = Piruzi* = Barzian ?
[This could've been the Paraitacene camp, or "Victory City," or both, if it was renamed after the battle.]
* In Persian (پیروزی)
6 [but should be 56] to Naucanio

Nialia
Nialia = Delyan ?

Nicea Hialis
Nicea = Nyzeah = Nujeh Deh-e Kuh ?
Alexander = Iscander = Sahand (Mountain & Protected Area, 4 miles S).
On the very edge of the Gonbar Chayi river-basin:
Hialis = Chyalis = Chayi river ?
Hialis = Chyalis = Sofi Chay Protected Area ?
6 [but should be 16] to Hyrcanio

Gonbar Chayi river

Nicea Hialis
Nicea = Micheah = Madjear = Majarshin
Hialis = Chaeli = Gonbar Chayi river.
6 [but should be 16] to Hyrcanio

Iraq

Mesopotamia

Ad Tigrin to Armenia

Arcama
Arcama = H'Ar'k* = Derik = Al-Malikiyah
* With Ancient Greek article "He"
? to Aque Frigide

Aque Frigide
Aqu[a]e Frigid[a]e
"Cold Waters"
[It could be somewhere on this stream, if out of order, flipped with Sammchi. However, a better choice is that it's just the end of the name of Sammachi, to the South.]
"Cold Waters" = [shaded mountain streams' confluence here] ?
"Cold Waters" = Soğuk Sular* = Çakirsöğüt + Yoğurtçular**
* In Turkish
** 2 suburbs of Şırnak ?
17 to Sammachi
? to Arcamo

Sammachi Aque Frigide
Sammachi = Sabbachi = Gazarta Zabdicene = Cizre
Sammachi = Şirnak ?
14 [but should be 43] to Arcaiapis
17 [but should be 47 - an "L" is missing] to Arcamo
=== Wikipedia on Cizre ===
The various names for the city of Cizre descend from the original Arabic name Jazirat Ibn ʿUmar, which is derived from 'jazira' (island), "ibn" (son of), and the name Umar, thus Jazirat Ibn ʿUmar translates to 'island of the son of Umar'.[25] The city's alternative Arabic name Madinat al-Jazira is composed of "madinat" ('city') and 'al-Jazira' (the island), and therefore translates to 'the island city'.[26] Cizre was known in Syriac as Gāzartā d'Beṯ Zabdaï (island of Zabdicene), from 'gazarta' (island) and 'Beṯ Zabdaï' (Zabdicene).[12]
=== Wikipedia on Arawanna ===
. . . mentioned by king Mursili II in his annals, where he writes that when Šuppiluliuma I was king of the Hittites, the Aravanians invaded the land of Kaskians near «Sammahi».

Arcaiapis
Areopagus = Arcaiapis = Cayabuz = Kayabougaz
10 [because of the steep cliffs] to Sardeoua
14 to Sammachi

Sardabar
Σαρδηοῦα
Sardeoua = Sardewa
Sardeoua (Ptolemy) = Sardabar (Peutinger) ?
Sardeoua = Siirt
Sardeoua = Saritepe (10 miles NW) ?

Hararra
Hararra = Hazro
27 to Ad Tygrin
45 to Colchana

Colchana

Colchana
Colchana = Kurtalan ?
45 to Hararra
15 [should be 105] to Tigranocarta

Colchana
Colchana = Kozluk ?
45 to Hararra
15 [should be 105] to Tigranocarta

Singara to Tigranocarta

Adipte

Adipte ?
Adipte
Adipte = Ahtipe = Saritepe ?
Adipte = Adjtipte = Bağtepe ?
Adipte = Atibai = Atabaği ?
* The "-r-" is pronounced like a fast slight '-t-', in Turkish.
10 to Sardebar
12 [should be 41] to Sitae

Adipte ?
Adipte
Adipte = Dibhe = Damli ?
Adipte = Tibuta = Taşbalta?
* The "-r-" is pronounced like a fast slight '-t-', in Turkish.
10 to Sardebar
12 [should be 41] to Sitae

Sitae ?
Sitae
Sitae = Saridam*
* The "-r-" is pronounced like a fast slight '-t-', in Turkish.
12 to Adipte
10 to Thalbasaris

Thalbasaris
Θελβαλάνη (ἢ Τελβάνη)
Thelbalane (or Telbane)
Telbane (Ptolemy) = Telbahe = Thalbasaris (Peutinger)
Thalbasaris = Dalbasti
10 to Sitae
15 to Tigranocarta

Anatolia spur

Colchana = Kahtanieh

Ad Tygrin
Ad Tygrin = Dicreh = Dicle ?
Ad Tygrin = Dygar = Diyarbakir ?
Should be, not 27 but 127 from the quadruple-junction at the Tigris river: A "C" is missing.

Coissa
Coissa = Essah = Eser ?
14 to Arsinia
16 to Ad Tygren

Arsinia ?
Arsinia = Alshia = Alcha = Alköy* ?
Arsinia = Aushia = Avchisa = Avcisuyu ?
* köy is a suffix attached to many villages.
14 [but should be 24] to Corinlu
14 to Coissa

Corinlu
Corinlu = Akkoyunlu ?
It's not clear whether it is Coruilu,
Coriulu
Corinlu, or even
Corudu
13 to Colchis
14 to Arsinia

Colchis
Colchis = Corthaşis = Karth-thaşis = Karataş ?
Colchis = Corthaşis = Karth-thaşis = Kartaltaşi ?
Colchis = Colach = Kalaç (5 miles NNW) ?
Colchis = Colach = Kalecik (6 miles NE ) ?
16 [but should be 26] to Mazara
13 to Corinlu

Mezraa
Mahara = Mezharaa = Mezraa
Should be, not 14 but, 24 from Cochis: An "X" is missing. Alternatively, perhaps a float down the river is not mentioned, in which case 14 might be fine.

Thirtonia
Thirtonia = Chortoniluh = Çortunlu

Adaras
Adaras = Hadzara = Hazar Gida ?

Melentenis
Melentenis = Malatina = Malatya
8 to Adaras
13 to Sama
28 to Ciaca

Ciaca
Ciaca = Yağca
Ciaca = Yazihan ?
Ciaca = Akyazi ??
18 to Hispa
8 [but should be 18] to Ciaca

Arangas
Arangas = İriağaç
18 to Hispa
8 [but should be 18] to Ciaca

Hispa
Hispa = Esebai = Esenbey
18 to Daseusa
18 to Arangas

Daseusa
Daseusa = Darsehudzuh = Darende
18 to Saba
18 to Hispa

Saba
Bar Sabas = Saba
Bar Sabas* = Bar Shave = Burçevi
* Namesake of Beersheba is Israel
13 to Vereuso
18 to Daseusa

Vereuso
Vereuso = Osmandede* ?
* Clearly an Arabic name, which would suggest that the city name was changed.
18 to Zenocopi
13 to Saba

Zenocopi
Zenocopi = Uzunpinar ?
18 to Zimara
18 to Vereuso

Zimara
Zimara = Mara Koy* = Malakkoy ?
Zimara = Himala = Hilmiye ?
* "Koy" means village in Turkish
27 to Bubalia
18 [but should be 28] to Zenocopi

Bubalia
Bubalia = Ebülhayir ?
Bubalia = Yahyali ?
Bubalia = Burunören ?
8 to Elegarsina
27 to Zimara

Elegarsina
Elegarsina = Ehgarcina = Eğerci
17 to Haris
8 to Bubalia

Haris
Haris = Halhis = Elçi ?
Haris = Charis = Çayiralan ?
16 to Draconis
17 to Elegarsina

Draconis
Draconis = "Dragon's"
"Dragon" = "Ejderha"* = Iğdelhe = Iğdeli
Draconis = Baracolis = Barakli ?
Draconis = Baracolis = Barakli = Boyalik ??
Draconis = Baracolis = Doğansaray ?
*In Turkish.
14 to Cunissa/Cimissa
16 to Haris
14 to Nicopoli

Cimissa
Cimissa= Çokumeşme
10 to Hassis
14 to Draconis

Hassis ?
Hassis = Ashaih Sarikaya = Aşağısarıkaya* ?
Hassis = Hash Hish = Chash Kishla = Kaşkişla ?
Hassis = Hoshilica = Özlüce ?
* Sarikaya means "yellow rock, in Turkish
13 to Zihiola
10 to Cumissa

Zihiola ?
Zihiola = J'Zielleh = Güzelli ?
Zihiola = Sachili = Saçli ?
Zihiola = Jachili = Haculeh = Ibrahimhacili ?
Zihiola = Ju'Dzichili = Haculeh = Govdecili ?
12 to Satala
13 to Hassis

Satala
Satala = Sahatleh = Şefaatli
18 to Domana
20 to Salmalasso
12 to Zihiola

Salmalasso
Salmalasso = Sarihacili ?
Salmalasso = Sahmaratsa = Sahmuratli ?
Salmalasso = Tsahmarazza = Temrezli ?
20 to Satala
20 to Darueinte

Darueinte
Darueinte = Dsaryhent = Saraykent ?
20 to Salmalasso
20 to Aegea

Aegea
Aegea = Argyríōn = Akdağmadeni
20 to Darueinte
15 to Lucus Basaro

Lucus Basaro
Lucus Basaro = "Basaro Forest"
Lucus Basaro = Başköy* ?
Lucus Basaro = Eşmebaşi ?
* Köy means "village" in Turkish
15 to Aegea
22 to Sinara

Sinara
Sinara = Sundala = Sandal
22 to Lucus Basaro
15 to Calcidaua

Calcidaua
Calcidaua = "Copper-ish" in Greek.
"Copper" = "Bakir" = Bakircioğlu
* In Turkish
15 to Sinara
12 to (river and) Autisparate

Autisparate
=== Likely Origen == Sebaste = Sivas
Anti-Sebaste* = "Across from Sebaste"
Anti-Sebaste* = Anti-Sepahte = Autisparate
Anti-Sebaste = Hani-Shemahte = Danişment Gazi
* Common Greek name, for the Roman name "Augustus"
12 to Calcidaua
15 to Charsidar

Tharsidarate
Tharsidarate = T'har = Tecer
Tharsidarate = Sivas Pezik Turşusu* ??
* Means Pickles
15 [but should be 20] to Autisparate
20 [but should be 15] to Batamissa

Batamissa
Batamissa = Batsamutsa = Bozarmut
20 [but should be 15] to Tharsidarate
10 to Ad Confluentes

Ad Confluentes
Ad Confluentes = [Where rivers unite here]
10 to Batamissa
30 to (river &) Barantea

Barantea
Barantea = Kayaburun*
Barantea = Bahtiyar ?
* Kaya means "rock" or "cliff" in Turkish.
30 to (river &) Ad Confluentes
26 [but probably should be 31] to Andaga

Andaga
Andaga = Mt. And* = And Tepe* = Adatepe ?
Andaga = Anbaga = Bağlica ?
Andaga = Anbaga = Bağiştaş ??
Andaga = Atma (2 cities) ?
Andaga = Doğanköy ?
Statio = Istasyon ?
* "Dağ" means "mountain" in Turkish; and similarly, "Tepe" means "peak."
26 [probably should be 31] to Barantea
12 to Armanas

Armanas
Armanas = Atma (2 cities, at either end) ?
[Distances put the site exactly here. Note what appears to be enormous ancient copper-mining pits. A modern mine is 15 miles SW, across the river, at "Çöpler." ]
12 to Andaga
17 to Chadas

Chadas
Chadas = Chamah = Kemah ?
Chadas = Chamah = Kemah = Komur ??
Chadas = Chamah = Kemah = Kemeryaka ??
Chadas = Chaindah = kaynak ??
Chadas = Cahadaj = Caradağ
17 to Armanas
24 to Colchion

Colchion
Colchion = Keltzene = Erzincan
Colchion = Keltzene = Acilisene
24 [but perhaps should be 143 to Chadas
24 to Raugonia

Draconis West

Side spur

Nicopolis ?
"Nicopolis" = "Victory city"
"Victory" = Zafer* = Süksün Zafer
* In Turkish
18 to Anniaca
13 to Mesorome
14 [but should be 43] to Draconis
21 to Oleoberda

Hurrian Mts.

See Option 1 (Gray) & Option 2 (White) lines, for the beginning segments of this path, from Singara, North to Sitae.
=== Redundancy ===
The cause of the green segment reappearing twice (see pic) is likely that it was done first on the left folio, and then the author later decided to continue a spur from Nasabi, into central Persia, but realized he was on the wrong side of the river "Flumei Persi" river, which would block him from drawing the spur.]

Arcano
Arcano = Al Qarat
[It seems that someone reconnected the spokes to make Singara look like the hub, when in fact it is Arcano, here.]
17 to Sammachi Aque Frigide
33 to Baba
30 to Sihinnus
30 to Singara

Aquae Frigidae ?
Aquae Frigidae (Latin)
"Cold Waters"
Miah Barida / مياه باردة (Arabic)?
Barida = Bajid ?
Miah Barida = Misharah (3 miles SE) ?

Sammachi

Sammachi
Sammachi = Al-Malikiyah
14 to Arcaiapis
17 to Aque Frigidae
=== Wikipedia on Arawanna === . . . mentioned by king Mursili II in his annals, where he writes that when Šuppiluliuma I was king of the Hittites, the Aravanians invaded the land of Kaskians near «Sammahi».

Sammachi ?
Sammachi = Sammachra = Zummar ?
Notice 2 cities named this, 6 miles north and south of each other.
14 to Arcaiapis
17 to Aque Frigidae
=== Wikipedia on Arawanna === . . . mentioned by king Mursili II in his annals, where he writes that when Šuppiluliuma I was king of the Hittites, the Aravanians invaded the land of Kaskians near «Sammahi».

Arcaiapis
Arcaiapis = Alkahfi (الكهف،،) = "The Cave"

Sardebar
Sardebar = Shardeh = Sharah = Misharah

Aquae Frigidae ?
Aquae Frigidae
"Cold Waters"
Arabic: "miah barida" (مياه باردة)
Bahrida = Bhahra = Dhahran (الظهران،)* ?
* Name of all 3 of the surrounding villages.

Ζάμα
Zama
Zama = Zhama = Tel Hamees
Zama = Zaza = Jaza (11 miles SEE) ?
* Only if Option 2 is the correct one, on the Mesopotamia > N Tigris sequence.

Arcaiapis

Arcaiapis = Al Qaiatis = Al Qait (القعيط،) ?
See surrounding orange outline of cities, also named Al Qait, which seems to be a whole district.

District
Villages named Al Qait

Adipte = Adhepteh = Adthecteh = Abtacheh = Al Abtakh

Sitae
Sitae = Sida = Siddiyeh ( صديدية،)
Sitae = Al Saadi* (السعدي) ?
Sitae = Saida (صيدا) / Sadidia (صديدية)** ?
*2 villages, 3 miles N & NNE
**2 villages 3 miles NWW

Thebeta / Thalbasaris (/ Sardebar ?)

Thebeta / Thalbasaris (/ Sardebar ?)
Thalb(t/s)a = Thalba = Dhelva = Delavê Qesrê = Oyali
Thalbasaris (Peutinger) =
= Thalbatsah =
= Thebeta (Peutinger)
Sharbhashar = Sardhabhar =
Sardebar* ? (Peutinger)
=== Wikipedia on Oyalı ===
Delavê Qesrê (today called Oyalı) was historically inhabited by Syriac Orthodox Christians.[3]

Thebeta / Thalbasaris (/ Sardebar ?)
Thebeta = Halbeutha = Alboutha (البوثة) ?
Thalbasaris (Peutinger) = Thalbatsah = Thebeta (Peutinger)
Thalbasaris (Peutinger) = Sharbhashar = Sardhabhar = Sardebar* ? (Peutinger) * This would only be if option 2 is correct, on the Mesopotamia > N Tigris sequence.

Triganocarton
Triganocarton = 3amarat Tahtany
Amarat / Maraat ( مرات) = "times"
Carton = Chahtani = Tahtany
Triganocarton = Tal 3alo foqani* = "Hill 3 cemetery" ?
* 4 miles E
30 from Zenserio
15 from Thebeta / Thalbasaris

Zanserio
Xantherion = "Yellow thing "
Xantherion = Zanserio = Xansir = Tilxanzir
Xantherion = Zanserio = Xansir = Zexire (20 miles W) ?
Xantherion = Serio = Gerieh = Gere Baraza

Cymiha
Cymiha = Cymihria = Cumhriyet

Gold ?
Biblical land of Havilah ?

Dyhanas

Dyhanas
Dyhanas = Dianas = Artemis = Armisht ?
This site is more likely because it's the correct distance from , and also because the city would migrate further south, not further north, meaning that this northern site is the older one.

Dyhanas ?
Dyhah = Dyhanas (Roman name)?
Dyhahni = Dyshani = Dasini (Tribe) = Dasinya (Early name) ?
Dyhah = Duhach = Dohuk-e (Modern name) ?
=== Wikipedia on Duhok ===
According to Evliya Çelebi, the city was initially called Dohuk-e Dasinya, named after the militant Dasini tribe who were believers of Yazidism.

Patansana

Patansana
Patansana = Thazania = Hezany ?

Patansana
Patansana = Dhath'mezana = Zhach-m'sana = Shakh'mana = Shakhmama

Vastauna
Vastauna = Bashtawn = Barzan ?
26 to Patansana
32 to Molchia

Molchia
Molchia = Olciah = Colcia = Kawlokan
32 to Vastauna
26 to Dagneuana

Dagneuana
Dag ("Mountain") + Nwwana ?
Dagneuana = Zikhan + Nwawa ?
Nwwana = Nwawa
Nwwana = Newa
Nwwana = Dwawa
Nwwana = Nwazinan

Hegoana / Flegozawa
Not Flegoana but Hegoana or even Flegozawa:
Hegoana = Hajiawa ?
Flegozawa = Ghajawa = Hajiawa ?
Flegozawa = Gharjawa = Grdjan ?
Or under the lake somewhere ?
15 to Dangeuana
15 to Isumbo

Isumbo

Isumbo ?
Isumbo = [under the lake] ?
Isumbo = Zaba = Topzawa ??
Isumbo = Ish qumbol = Bol Qamish ??
17 [but it should be 92] to Nasabi
15 to Flegozawa
=== Redundancy ===

Isumbo ?
Isumbo = Scumbu = Sacunlu = Soganlu ?

Edessa loops

Thiar / Sarhena ?
Sarhena = Shahina = Thiar = Haiara = Hayrat ?
Sarhena = Shahira = Haiara = Hayrat ?

Batins

Batins ?
Batnis = Bati ?
(Unclear whether it is Batnis, Batins, or Batius; or Barnis, Barins or Barius)

Barnis / Banara ?
Barnis = Onbirnisan?
Banara = Onbirnisan?
(Unclear whether it is Batnis, Batins, or Batius; or Barnis, Barins or Barius)
(Unclear whether it is Banara or Banata)

Carris
Harran = Carrhae = C(h)arris
Famous homeland of Abraham & his kinsman Laban.
Location of the Crassus' Roman defeat, at the hands of the Parthians.
Wrong distance to Fons Scabore. Should be 12, not 27. Perhaps Karahisar, 17 miles NE of here, is what is intended by "Carris", instead of here; that would make the distances work out.

Sahal
Sahel = Şehil = Viranşehir ?
Sahel + Tella* = Sephetella = Sepetli ?
*See Wikipedia below.
=== Wikipedia on Viranşehir ===
In Late Antiquity, it was known as Constantina or Constantia (Greek: Κωνσταντίνη) by the Romans and Byzantines, and Tella by the local Assyrian/Syriac population.
According to the Byzantine historian John Malalas, the city was built by the Roman Emperor Constantine I on the site of former Maximianopolis, which had been destroyed by a Persian attack and an earthquake.

Ressaina
Ρέσαινα
Resaina
Ῥίσινα
Risina
Γιζάμα
Gizama
Resaina (Ptolemy) = Risina (Ptolemy) = Ressaina (Peutinger) ?
Gizama (Ptolemy) = Ressaina (Peutinger) ??
Risina = Rassen = Navçeya Ebu Rasen ?
Risina = Sinna = Sinnia* = Şenyurt (21 miles NE) ? Risina = Ras Al-Ayn (15 miles W) ?
* On the Medieval Ptolemaic maps
=== Probable Origin ===
Enmerkar = Emmer* + Cherub* = Hamrat + Al-Karamah ?
Enmerkar = Emar = Tell Meskene ?
Enmerkar = Ammorites + Carrhae/Hurrians (as protogenitor) ??
Enmerkar was from Uruk, but wanted to conquer the land of Aratta:
Uruk = Iraq
Uruk = Ar Raqqah ?
Aratta = Rassis region (Judith 2:23)
Aratta = Aracta = Ar Raqqah ?
Aratta = Resaina (Ptolemy) = Rouaiyane
Aratta = Risina/Ressaina (Ptolemy & Peutinger) = Navçeya Ebû Rasên ?
Aratta = Ratla(h)
Aratta = Tiritta (Peutinger map, Ptolemy)** = Aarîda
Aratta = Raschirea (Peutinger map)** = Aarîda
Aratta = Resapha/Risapa (Peutinger & Ptolemy) = Resafa
Aratta = Resapha/Risapa (Peutinger & Ptolemy) =
= A(s/ph)phadana (Ptolemy) = As Safsafah ?
Aratta = Rescipha (Ptolemy) = Ch'Hail ?
Aratta = Errasiga/Eragiza (Peutinger & Ptolemy) = Al Khafsah
Aratta = Tel Harsha (Ezra 2:59) = Al-Akirshi (العكيرشي)
** Tiritta is probably the town; Raschirea, which the Peutinger map puts at the same place, probably refers to this Aratta/Rassis region.

Daremma / Rene
Δάρεμμα = Daremma
Daremma (Ptolemy) = Rene (Peutinger)
Daremma = Arhema = Al Hemuh
Rene = Rhemeh = Al Hemer = Alhumur

Macharta
Macharta = Faccaria = Al Fakhkhariyah ?

Nisibis
Nisibis = Nusaybin

Thebeta

Thebeta = Halbeutha = Alboutha (البوثة) ?
Thalbasaris (Peutinger) = Thalbatsah = Thebeta (Peutinger)
Thalbasaris (Peutinger) = Sharbhashar = Sardhabhar = Sardebar* ? (Peutinger)
33 to Nisibi
19 to Baba
* This would only be if option 2 is correct, on the Mesopotamia > N Tigris sequence.

Thebeta ?
Thebeta = Hudaythah = Hudaybhiah = Hudaybiyah (الحديبية) ?
33 to Nisibi
19 to Baba

Baba

Baba ?
Δῆβα Deba
Deba (Ptolemy) = Baba (Peutinger) ? Baba = Taxa Baweliya* ?
Baba = Bab al-Hawa
19 to Thebeta
30 to Arcamo (?)
33 to [not Singara but] Arcamo
* On 1861 "Middle East" Rumsey Historical map

Baba ?
Baba = Rabiah ?

Singara
Σίγγαρα
Singara (Ptolemy) = Singara (Peutinger)
Singara = Sinjar
29 to Sihinnus ( when going around the mountain ) 30 to Arcano
21 to Zagurae
=== Wikipedia on Gordyene ===
Following the defeat of Narseh, the Sassanid King, at the hands of the Romans in 296, a peace treaty was signed between the two sides, according to which the steppes of northern Mesopotamia, with Singara and the hill country on the left bank of the Tigris as far as Gordyene (Corduene), were also ceded to the victors (Romans).[41]

Sihinnus
Sihinnus = Snuny

Thilapsum

Thilapsum
Thilapsum =
16 to Chanmaudi - But an "L" is missing, so it should be 66.
22 to Sihinnus

Thilapsum
Thilapsum = Sharabsion = Ghazila Al-Sharabiyyin (غزيلة الشرابيين )
16 to Chanmaudi - But an "L" is missing, so it should be 66.
22 to Sihinnus

Zama (Ptolemy) = Thilapsum (Peutinger) ?
Thilapsum = = Thel Habos = Tel Hamees ? ?
16 to Chanmaudi - But an "L" is missing, so it should be 66.

Chanmaudi

Chanmaudi ?
Chanmaudi = C[J*]eylan + Muratli ?
Chanmaudi = C[J*]eylan + Maden (3 miles SSE) ?
* Turkish "C" is pronounced "J" as in jar.
22 to Minnocerta
16 to Thilapsum - But an "L" is missing, so it should be 66.

Chanmaudi ?
Chanmaudi = Qammazhdili = Qamishlii ?

Minnocerta
Minnocerta = Birrah-sherht = Viranşehir
10 to Barbare
22 to Chanmaudi

Barbare
Barbare = Saribal
40 [but shoudl be 45] to Edessa
10 to Minnocerta

Edessa
Ἔδεσσα
Edessa (Ptolemy) = Edessa (PeutingeR)
Edessa = Sanliurfa
40 to Barbare
26 to Charra
12 to Hostra
? to Thalama

Hostra ?
Hostra = Hazhtlah = Hacilar ?
12 to Edessa
18 to Tharrana

Tharana
Tharana = Choran = Ghoran = Goran ?
Tharana = Cherin =                     Itobirana Jerin ?
Tharana = Thirana = Bhirana = Itobirana Jerin ?
Tharana = Choran = Sholan = Solan (3 miles S) ?

Aladin

Aladin
Aladin = Halab ?

Aladin
Aladin = Haladan = Balaban

Thelban
Thelban = Balaban

Vicus ?
Vicus* = Wici** = Oaci = Haci + Koy* = Hacikoy ?
Haci = Chacisa = Kochisar (4 miles E) ?
*Vicus (Latin) = Koy (Turkish) = "Village"
**Genitive

Porsica / Sinitra ?
Πορσίκα = Porsica
Porsica = Bhorziriche = Bezirci ?
Porsica = Shicah = Şeker ?
Same city as Sinitra ?
[Parsinitra =] Phorsiccisa = Hah-Shahisah = Akçahisar ?
[Parsinitra =] Phorsiccisa = Porsica ?
[Parsinitra =] Sinitra
Sinitra = Shanitza = Hah-Shahisah = Akçahisar ?

Sarhena

Sarhena ?

Halia

Halia ?
Halia = Haliah = Haluan = Hilvan ?

Halia ?
Haliah = Chali = Yuvacali ?

Halia ?
Haliah = Chali = Bahçeli ?

Thalama

Thalama ?
Thalama = Zhelina = Hzeliha = Seyhzeliha?

Thalama ?
Thalama

Thalama ?

Upper Euphrates

Lacus Bebaraci

Lacus Bebaraci ?
Lacus Bebaraci = Bab Alaceh = Bab Alkher ?
Lacus Bebaraci = Bab Alaceh = Balaci = Al-Bakkah clan (See cemetery 1 mile S) ?
✔ This location is more appropriately in line with the Kizwan Dagi mountain, drawn on the Peutinger map.
❌However, this location does not satisfy Peutinger's distances:
18 to Thubida
20 to Alaina

Lacus Bebaraci ?
This location would be based on distances alone:
18 to Thubida
20 to Alaina

Thubida
Thubida = "Trumpets" = Tarambat (طرمبات) ?
Thubida = Al Tawba (7 miles NEE) (التوبة) ?
Thubida = Bir Touainane / Twinan (12 miles N) ?

Thallaba

Thallaba
Thallaba =
28 to Birali
18 to Thubida

Thallaba
Thallaba = Talaban* = Tal Erphan
28 to Birali

Birrali ?
Birrali = Binekli ?
44 to Fons Scabore - But should be 54.

Fons Scabore
Fons Scabore / Fons Scoborem
"Rough Spring" (Note its extremely rocky shore!)
Scaborem = "Rough" = Kashn (خشن) = Awkalat al Kutshan
Scaborem = Schaboneh = Jabaniah = Al-Zahbaniyah* (9 miles NNW) ?
Scaborem = Sabri = Tell Sabi Abyad (5.67 miles SE) ?
* See Wikipedia, below:
27 to Charra
16 to Roschirea Angubbi - But should be 13 ("V" should be "II")
44 to Birrali - But should be 54.
=== Wikipedia on Ain al-Arous ===
The village was known as "Al-Zahbaniyah"[1] (الذهبانية), as mentioned in Mu'jam Al-Buldan by Yaqut al-Hamawi.

Tiritta / Raschirea
Τιρίτθα
Tirittha
Raschirea (Peutinger) = As Thireta = Tirittha (Ptolemy)
Raschirea = As Pharesa = Al Faris ( الفارس)
Raschirea = As Thireta = Harida = Aarida
=== Probable Origin ===
Enmerkar = Emmer* + Cherub* = Hamrat + Al-Karamah ?
Enmerkar = Emar = Tell Meskene ?
Enmerkar = Ammorites + Carrhae/Hurrians (as protogenitor) ??
Enmerkar was from Uruk, but wanted to conquer the land of Aratta:
Uruk = Iraq
Uruk = Ar Raqqah ?
Aratta = Rassis region (Judith 2:23)
Aratta = Aracta = Ar Raqqah ?
Aratta = Resaina (Ptolemy) = Rouaiyane
Aratta = Risina/Ressaina (Ptolemy & Peutinger) = Navçeya Ebû Rasên ?
Aratta = Ratla(h)
Aratta = Tiritta (Peutinger map, Ptolemy)** = Aarîda
Aratta = Raschirea (Peutinger map)** = Aarîda
Aratta = Resapha/Risapa (Peutinger & Ptolemy) = Resafa
Aratta = Resapha/Risapa (Peutinger & Ptolemy) =
= A(s/ph)phadana (Ptolemy) = As Safsafah ?
Aratta = Rescipha (Ptolemy) = Ch'Hail ?
Aratta = Errasiga/Eragiza (Peutinger & Ptolemy) = Al Khafsah
Aratta = Tel Harsha (Ezra 2:59) = Al-Akirshi (العكيرشي)
** Tiritta is probably the town; Raschirea, which the Peutinger map puts at the same place, probably refers to this Aratta/Rassis region.

Tigubus
Θεγγουβίς
The(n)ggoubis
Theggoubis (Ptolemy) = Tigubus (Peutinger)
Acrabai (Ptolemy) = Hachob = Thagub =
= Tigubus (Peutinger) =
= Ichnae (Isidore of Charax) ?
Tigubus = Thigha = Hisza ?
Tigubus = Thigha = Hicha = Ichnae ?
[Note the positively-identified Balicha river here.]
=== Isidore of Charax ===
Ichnae, a Greek city, founded by the Macedonians: it is situated on the river Balicha === Tigubus ===
16 to Raschirea
16 to Habia
=== Ichnae ===
3 schoeni to Alagma
5 schoeni to Nicephorium, & the river Euphrates

Habia

Habia
Chabooras river (Ptolemy) = Chabiah = Habia (Peutinger) ?
Tel abib* = Hamim = Hmaïmâte ?
Tel abib* = Habib = Habia?
Chebar* = Χαβώρας = Chabooras = modern Balikh river.
* See Ezekiel 3:15. Location of the Prophecy of Ezekiel. This is further proof that the river "Chabor is right here (see that on the map), and not 100 miles SE, where modern people wrongly think that the "Khabour river" is. (See that other river, also on the map, which is instead the ancient Saocoras river.)
16 to Tigubis
15 to Themessara
Then I came to them of the captivity at Tel abib, that dwelt by the river of Chebar, and I sat where they sat, and remained there astonished among them seven days.

Habia
Tel abib* = "Hill of Springtime"**
"Springtime" =                     = Al Rabie (الربيع)*** = Rabi'a ?****
"Springtime" = Habia***** = Al Rabie (الربيع)*** = Rabi'a ??
Chebar* = Χαβώρας = Chabooras = modern Balikh river.
* See Ezekiel 3:15. Location of the Prophecy of Ezekiel. This is further proof that the river "Chabor is right here (see that on the map), and not 100 miles SE, where modern people wrongly think that the "Khabour river" is. (See that other river, also on the map, which is instead the ancient Saocoras river.) ** In Hebrew/Aramaic.
*** In Arabic
**** Note also another "Rabea" near Baghdad; indeed, the common opinion is that Ezekiel was instead, seeing his vision, down near Baghdad. But such claims cannot explain where the river Chebar is, and there is certainly a river up here, whose surrounding placenames give it a much much closer claim to being that very river. Furthermore, Josephus places the location of the exiles more in line with this location, than with that one.
***** Perhaps early Arabic ?? (A sheer guess.)
16 to Tigubis
15 to Themessara
Then I came to them of the captivity at Telabib, that dwelt by the river of Chebar, and I sat where they sat, and remained there astonished among them seven days.

Themessara ?
Themessara = Messara = Nasirah ?
15 to Hadia/Habia
8 to Magrus

Magra
Magra = Qara-Magra = Al-Karamah ?

Haste ?
Haste = Ashcha = Askhamiyah ?
20 miles from Magrus

Amostar
Amostar = Hanoezhar = Khunayzir

Alaina
Θέλδα
Thelda
Thelda (Ptolemy) = Alaina (Peutinger) = Allen (Isador of Charax)
Note that there is another Thelda east of here, on the Tigris River, so 1 of these might not truly exist.
Alaina = Halauia = Jalabi = Zalabiyah ?
Alaina = Halauia = Halabi* = Halabiyah ?
Alaina = Halauia = Halabi* = Halabiyah Castle ?
* On Rumsey Historical map
=== Allaina ===
12 to Batitas
20 to Lacus Berberaci
? to Sirgorra
=== Allan ===
4 schoeni to Darius' temple & Semiramus' canal
6 [but should be 11] schoeni to Phaliga
* On both sides of the river.
=== Wikipedia on Zalabiye ===
Zalabiye was built during the third century CE when the short-lived Palmyrene Empire, centred on the oasis-city of Palmyra, extended its reach toward the Euphrates area. The fortifications of the site were subsequently improved under the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (527–565) as part of his program to strengthen the eastern border of the empire.

Zogorra / Sirgora
Zogorra / Sirgora = Zughajr /Dzazira
10 to Dicat

Dicat
Dicat = Al-Dzi'a
12 from the river crossing,
then 22 more to Ad Herculein.

River crossing
12 from Dicat
22 from Ad Herculein

Ad Herculein / Kolarina
Κολάρινα
Kolarina
Kolarina (Ptolemy) = Ad Herculein (Peutinger)
Terqa* = Huraclina = Qurarina = Kolarina
Terqa* = Huraclina = Qurarina = Qurariya = Al Quriyah ?
* Ancient city discovered 3 Miles SE.
This would seem to suggest that the Peutinger map is older than Ptolemy, because Kolarina is a definite form of Huraclina, and Huraclina is obviously the original form of the name, but the Peutinger map has Huraclina, and not the later Kolarina.
22 to the river crossing, then 12 more to Dicat;
Should be 125, not 35 to Hatris (An "X" should be a "C");
28 to Sabbin.

Sabbin
Sabbin = Shah-phan = Ash Sha'Fah
Sabbin = Soab = Wadi Suwab (9 miles SW) ?
28 [but maybe should be 128] to Phalcara

Phalcara
Phalcara = Al Charhia = Al Khor (مجمع ) ?
Phalcara = Al Charhia = Al-Gharbia (2 miles S) ( الغربيه ) ?
Phalcara = Alqaya = Alqayim (3 miles SW) (القائم) ?
On the correct side of the river.
28 to Sabbin

Gibrata
Gibrata = Ghebhetha = Hadhitha = Haditha ?
Gibrata = Ghebhraha = Ghuhrahar = Al Ghurair (8 miles NE) ?
20 to Peloriarca

Peloriarca ?
A pure guess: No local placenames as guides.
20 to Gibrata
47 to the Tigris river, toward Albania
20 to Charra

Charra
Charra = Khauza

Artemita
Artemita = Aramiduh = Ramadeh = Ramadi
71 to Ctesiphon

Ctesiphon
24 to [not Charra, but] Albania

Albania
Albania = Al Baiueia ?
24 to Ctesiphon

Upper Tigris

Zagurae ?
Zagurae = Ibrat Ash shaighirah

Ad pontem ?
Ad pontem = Ain Phatun = Ainfathi ?

Abdeae
Abdeae = Abbadan

Hatris
Hatris = Hatra
40 to Abdeae (There is no river in between);
Should be 125, not 35 to Ad Herculein (An "X" should be a "C").

Sapham
Sapham = Zapha = Zab river

Sarbane
Σάρβηνα = Sarbana
Sarbana (Ptolemy) (Peutinger)
Sarbane = Bajni = Bahzani

Hisapi
Hisapi = Cheshabi = Khoshaba

Thamaudi
Thamaudi = Mawdzi = Mosul ?
Thamaudi = Tharawdi = Tahrawa (2 cities to the E) ?

Sapham
Sapham = Little Zab river
Sapham = Little Zab river = Dubz ?
Sapham = Sparam = Sparan ?

Great Zab river

Little Zab river

Sarbane
Σάρβηνα = Sarbana
Sarbana (Ptolemy) (Peutinger)
Sarbane = Kawraban

Hisibi
Hisibi = Hazab = Zab river ?
Hisibi = Cham Hidzipsi = Chamadibsi Harki ?

Thamaudi
Thamaudi = Tharawdi = Tahrawa (2 cities) ?
Thamaudi = Mawdzi = Mosul ?

Vica
Vica = Hawiqa = Tawuq

Belnara
Belnara = Bermara = Baram Bag

Siher
Siher = Shichel = Shakal

Concon
Concon = Khanaqin

Biturs
Biturs= Buthoul = Buhilab

Thelfer

Thelfer
Thelfer = Therfar Lake

Thelfer river

Rammah

Rhamma ?
Rhamma = Al-Nahrain ("2 rivers" - النهرين) ?

Rhamma ?
Rhamma = Chamma = Chay Khanah ?

Rammah ?
Rammah = Tarmiyah ?

Hisistu
Hisistu = Hidz-hidz** = Hid-hid = Hibhib ?
Hisistu = Hidz-hidz** = Hid-hid = Hadid ?
Hisistu = Hindistu*** = Sindhi (7 miles NW) ?
Hisistu = Kurustul* = Khalis (4 miles N) ?
* On Rumsey Historicalo Map
**
*** The Hindu religion and people live in Sindh province, India.

Hisistu
Hisistu = Abu Hasiwa ( ابو حصيوة) ? *
* On Rumsey Historicalo Map

Banas
Balkh = Bar-hak = Barnek =Barmec[ides] = Barnes = Banas ?
Balkh = Bach = Baghdad
Perhaps should be 26, not 36 from Banas
=== Wikipedia on Baghdad ===
The name Baghdad is pre-Islamic, and its origin is disputed.[9]
It was built under the guidance of the Barmakids.

Titana ?
Titana = Thathim* = Shahim = Haji Ali Ash Shahim ?
Titana = Thatana = Chatania = Qataniyah (13 miles SEE) ?
Titana = TzeTziana = Ziziaha = Aziziyah (18 miles SEE) ?
* The people who would live in Titana
Titana = Thethi people = Ctesi = Ctesiphon ??

Rhamma ?
Rhamma = Rhamsa = Halmza = Almzaraa >?

Rammah ?
Rammah = Rahman ?

Hisistu
Hisistu = Hisistorum (The people)
Hisistania (the country) = Ish-a-sthania = Ishtakhaniyya* ?
Hisistania (the country) = Ushisania = Ushrusaniyya* ?
* See below
=== Wikipedia on Samarra ===
In 836 CE, the Abbasid Caliph Al-Mu'tasim founded a new capital at the banks of the Tigris. Here he built extensive palace complexes surrounded by garrison settlements for his guards, mostly drawn from Central Asia and Iran (most famously the Turks, as well as the Khurasani Ishtakhaniyya , Faraghina and Ushrusaniyya regiments) or North Africa (like the Maghariba). Although quite often called Mamluk slave soldiers, their status was quite elevated; some of their commanders bore Sogdian titles of nobility.[6]

Banas ?
Banas = Baaja ?
Should be 46, not 36 from Hisistu.

Titana ?
Titana = Tsitana = Tsedana = Tsedena = Sedira (سّديرة،) ?
Titana = Thirthaca = Shirchata = Al Shirqat (Across the river) ?

Iran

Ecbatana to Caspian Sea

Ecbatana to Bactria

Onoadad
οἵ τε Ουάδασσοι;
The Ouadassoi people
Ouadassoi people (Ptolemy) = Onoadad (Peutinger) ?
Onoadad = Noyabad = Meybod ?
16 [but should be 145] to Darathe
? to Ecbatanis Partiorum

Darathe
Δόθθα
Doth-tha
Rapsa (Ptolemy) = Rapsioi people (Ptolemy) =
= H'rafti =
= Oroatis river (Ptolemy)
= Darathe (Peutinger) = Doththa (Ptolemy)
Doth-tha = Dehabad ?
10 [but should be 100] to Concobas
16 [but should be 145] to Onoadad

Concobas
Γαυνα
Gauna
[Notice also archaeological site 1 mile SW of here.]
Gauna (Ptolemy) =
= Gona =
= Concobar (Isidore of Charax) =
= Concobas (Peutinger) ?
Concobar = Qom = Qanavat ?
Concobar = Qom = Qanavat = Jamkaran ?
Concobar = Qomobr = Qanbar Ali ?
Concobar = Qom = Gauna (12 miles W) ?
Concobar = Qom = Qomrud ?
Gauna = Hawah = Aveh (25 miles NWW) ?
=== Isidore of Charax ===
From that place, Upper Media, 38 schoeni; and at 3 schoeni from the very beginning of it is the city of Concobar; there is a temple of Artemis, 3 schoeni. Then Bazigraban, which is a custom house, 3 schoeni.
3 schoeni to start of Upper Media
3 schoeni to Temple
6 schoeni to Bazigraban
10 [but should be 100] to Darathe
20 to Beltra

Beltra
Beltra = Behetra = Bechera = Baqerabad ?
20 to Concobas
9 [but sould be 504] to Hecantopolis

Hecantopolis
Adur Burzen-Mihr
Top-level Fire Temple
Adur = "Holy Fire" in Persian;
Burzēn-Mihr = "Exalted is Mihr" in Persian
Εστόβαρα
Estobara
99.5, 45.33 (in Ptolemy's Bactria)
Ἑκατόμπυλον Βασίλειον
Hecatompylon Basileion
[For meaning, see Origin below.]
96, 37.83 (in Ptolemy's Parthia)
Μαῤῥιχη
Marriche
98, 36.67 (in Ptolemaic Editor's Parthia)
=== Origin ===
Hecatompylon (ἑκατομπυλός) = "100 Gated" in Greek; however,
Hecatomba (ἑκατόμβη) = "Sacrifice" in Greek.
This is key in identifying the capital ("Basileion"), which was famously Arsacia, wherever it is, as ALSO the location of the Fire Temple ("Hecatom(ba/pylon)"). But all the placenames below say that the fire-temple is here; therefore also the capital was here.
Adur Burzen-Mihr =
= Estobara (Ptolemy) =
= Hecatompylon Basileion (Ptolemaic editor) ?
= Arsacia ??
=* Marriche (Ptolemaic Editor)
* Since Marrhice is within a group of cities, likely added by a Ptolemaic editor (identifiable because he didn't twist north 90 degrees clockwise, as Ptolemy did in several provinces around here), it is therefore no contradiction that two separate items in the Ptolemaic list are located here (Hecantopolis and Marriche), for the later editor didn't realize that this city was already marked, wrongly thinking, do to the twisting, tht Hecantopolis was in a whole different quadrant of the province.
[It seems that this was probably the location of the Fire Temple and Capital Arsacia, before it was officially re-founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I. It's unclear exactly where the original fire temple was. Perhaps at the pin, near the grave of Omar Khayyam; perhaps at the edge of the mountain, where all the suburbs listed below are at. My best guess is somewhere in the vicinity of Hesar.]
=== Suburbs of Nishabur ===
Mt. Raēvant/Rēvand** = Rivand
Mihr = Mir Abad
Mihr = Mirabad ?
Burzen = Buzhan
Burzen = Basij Town
Burzen = Bashnij
Burzen = Barghān/Bozghān = Firuzeh
Burzen = Boshr Abad
Burzen = Baghshan-e Gach ?
Adur = Adjur = Ghar ?
Adur Burzen = Dar Behesht ?
Adur Burzen = Edjuh Burhuh = Estobara ?
** See Wikipedia below
=== Alternative Possibility: ===
Shappur = Eshtabur = Estobara
Shappur = Nishapur
=== Wikipedia on Adur Burzen-Mihr ===
This Fire is described in Bundahishn. Its location is given as Mount Rēvand (in Avestan: Raēvant), probably a spur of the Nishapur mountains in the district formerly known as Rēvand in Khurasan.[Wrong] An element of the name is preserved in the name of the nearby village Borzinan may [Wrong again.]. Another identification is Mount Mehr, five miles from the village Mehr on the Shahrud–Sabzevar Highway [Wrong.]. Some identify it with the Fire of Asaak.
=== Wikipedia on Nishapur ===
History of Nishapur has been intermingled with myths and different historical narratives. According to different mythological and historical narratives, the city was founded 7500 years ago during the reign of mythical line of primordial kings known as the Pishdadian dynasty.[27][verification needed] According to Arthur Christensen, Nishapur was founded in the year 260 A.D[28][verification needed]. Nishapur was founded by the Sasanian emperor Shapur II (r. 309–379) during the last years of his rule, as demonstrated by new archaeological findings.

Spane
’Άσπα
Aspa
Aspa (Ptolemy) = Spane (Peutinger)
Aspa = Esfejir ?
32 to Daseara
50 [but should be 100] to Hecantopylis

Daseara
Daseara = Tadzeuruh = Tandoureh Protected Area ?
Daseara = Baziarah = Bajgiran ?
10 to Europos
32 to Spane

Europos
Εύρωπος
Europos (Ptolemy) = Europos (Peutinger)
Europos = Yehapos = Yenap ?
Europos = Heurhos = Gevurs ??
Europos = Hyurhos = Gyaurs ??
10 to Daseara
15 to Nagae

Alternatives

1st Taurus gap

2nd Taurus Gap

Nagae 3
Damghan.
7000 years old
This is the officially believed Nagae, but there are no Peutinger-named cities around it.

Alternate Ecbatana ?
Taq-e Bostan = Ekbatan ?

Landforms

Atropatene
Atrapatene = Atropatene

Daniel's Ecbatana

Rache
Rache = Arragan ?
60 to Seleucia
40 [should be 150] to Rutarata

Rutarata
Cyrappho (Peutinger) = Rutarata (Peutinger) ?
Bucharap = Bushehr/Bushire ?
Bucharap = Charap = Cyrappho ?
Bucharap = Butarap = Rutarata ?
=== Rutarata ===
40 [ should be 150] to Rache
20 to Berdanna
=== Cyrappho ===
20 to Abara
35 to Thamara

Berdanna
Berdanna = Gardan-e Tol Bardangan
20 to Rutarata
120 [but should be 130] to Ecbatana

Berdanna
Berdanna = Borazjan ?
Berdanna = Baragahir?
Berdanna = Varazgan* = Vahdatiyeh ?
Berdanna = Arda = Rahdar ??
Berdanna = Arda = Lardeh ??
*Note a possible ancient inscription of this placename "Varazgan"
20 to Rutarata
130 to Ecbatana

Ecbatana
Βάτθινα
Batthina
Εκβάτανα
Ecbatana (Ptolemy) = Batthina (Ptolemy) = Ecbatanis Partiorum (Peutinger) ?
Ecbatana = Clahtaana = Khalaftahuneh ?
Ecbatana = Persepolis* ?
Ecbatana = Estakhr ??
* Ecbatana merely means "Place of gathering," in Persian.
37 [but should be 197] to Anarus
30 to Rapsa
120 [but should be 130] to Berdanna
=== Major Confutation ===
Most wrongly think that modern Hamedan is the only ancient Ecbatana. However this is disapproved by 4 separate sources, and only 1 supports Hamedan:
Persepolis - Josephus says that Persepolis is Ecbatana because he says that there is a perfectly-cut stone building there, in which the kings of Persia are buried, and which the prophet Daniel built. And we know which building this is, since it still exists, to this day. (See that "Ecbatana" pin, in the vicinity of Persepolis.)
Tehran - Both Ptolemy, in his "Geogrpahy," & Isidore of Charax, in his "Parthian Stations" list Ecbatana as north of Concoba(r/s), which is modern Qom. Additionally, Isidore lists it as far north of "Cambadene" province, which is identically the same word (just an older form) as the assumed location of Ecbatana, namely, modern "Hamedan." So clearly THEIR Ecbatana must be, not just north of Hamedan, but even north of Concoba(r/s), or modern Qom.
Tehran - Tobit 5:6 (below) says Ecbatana is a mere 2 days from Rhagae.
Against these, Arrian supports (the commonly-believeda location) Hamedan, as Ecbatana:
Arrian, in his "Anabasis of Alexander," says that, marching hard, by forced marches, Alexander went from Ecbatana to Rhagae in 11 days (III.20). Whereas Rhagae is Amol, next to the Caspian Sea, if Ecbatana is Hamedan, as many assume, then that's a 300 mile march, which would be 27 miles per day, highly realistic, thus suggesting that Arrian's Ecbatana is indeed Hamedan.
Daniel (see below) identifies this location is a Quintana, based on Daniel building a tower there, in which the kings of Persia are built buri, which is obviously this tower here at Naqsh-e Rostam.
=== Daniel, The Antiquities of the Jews", 10.11.7 (264-265) ===
Now when Daniel was become so illustrious and famous, on account of the opinion men had that he was beloved of God, he built a tower at Ecbatana, in Media: It was a most elegant building, and wonderfully made: and it is still remaining, and preserved to this day. And to such as see it, it appears to have been lately built, and to have been no older than that very day when any one looks upon it: it is so fresh, and flourishing, and beautiful, and no way grown old in so long time. For buildings suffer the same as men do, they grow old, as well as they, and by numbers of years their strength is dissolved, and their beauty withered. Now they bury the Kings of Media, of Persia and Parthia, in this tower, to this day: and he who was intrusted with the care of it, was a Jewish Priest: which thing is also observed till this day.

Persepolis
Περσέπολις
Persepolis (Ptolemy) = Ecbatanis Parsiorum* (Peutinger)
Note: Although this is typically called "Persepolis," and not "Ecbatana (except by Josephus, see Edbatana pin), yet this Persepolis is NOT the Peutinger map's "Persepolis con Mercium Persarum," which is 190 miles south on the coast.

Caspian SE

Palitas

Palitas
Palitas = Pharitza = Firuze ?
Palitas = Baricas = Barghan = Firuze ??
45 [but should be 155] to Nagae
15 to Parhe

Palitas
Palitas = Pharitza = Firuze ?
Palitas = Baricas = Barghan = Firuze ??
45 to Nagae
15 [but should be 105] to Parhe

Parhe
Adur Burzen-Mihr
Top-level Fire Temple
Adur = "Holy Fire" in Persian;
Burzēn-Mihr = "Exalted is Mihr" in Persian
Εστόβαρα
Estobara
99.5, 45.33 (in Ptolemy's Bactria)
Ἑκατόμπυλον Βασίλειον
Hecatompylon Basileion
[For meaning, see Origin below.]
96, 37.83 (in Ptolemy's Parthia)
Μαῤῥιχη
Marriche
98, 36.67 (in Ptolemaic Editor's Parthia)
=== Origin ===
Hecatompylon (ἑκατομπυλός) = "100 Gated" in Greek; however,
Hecatomba (ἑκατόμβη) = "Sacrifice" in Greek.
This is key in identifying the capital ("Basileion"), which was famously Arsacia, wherever it is, as ALSO the location of the Fire Temple ("Hecatom(ba/pylon)"). But all the placenames below say that the fire-temple is here; therefore also the capital was here.
Adur Burzen-Mihr =
= Estobara (Ptolemy) =
= Hecatompylon Basileion (Ptolemaic editor) ?
= Arsacia ??
=* Marriche (Ptolemaic Editor)
* Since Marrhice is within a group of cities, likely added by a Ptolemaic editor (identifiable because he didn't twist north 90 degrees clockwise, as Ptolemy did in several provinces around here), it is therefore no contradiction that two separate items in the Ptolemaic list are located here (Hecantopolis and Marriche), for the later editor didn't realize that this city was already marked, wrongly thinking, do to the twisting, tht Hecantopolis was in a whole different quadrant of the province.
[It seems that this was probably the location of the Fire Temple and Capital Arsacia, before it was officially re-founded in the 3rd century by Shapur I. It's unclear exactly where the original fire temple was. Perhaps at the pin, near the grave of Omar Khayyam; perhaps at the edge of the mountain, where all the suburbs listed below are at. My best guess is somewhere in the vicinity of Hesar.]
=== Suburbs of Nishabur ===
Mt. Raēvant/Rēvand** = Rivand
Mihr = Mir Abad
Mihr = Mirabad ?
Burzen = Buzhan
Burzen = Basij Town
Burzen = Bashnij
Burzen = Barghān/Bozghān = Firuzeh
Burzen = Boshr Abad
Burzen = Baghshan-e Gach ?
Adur = Adjur = Ghar ?
Adur Burzen = Dar Behesht ?
Adur Burzen = Edjuh Burhuh = Estobara ?
** See Wikipedia below
=== Alternative Possibility: ===
Shappur = Eshtabur = Estobara
Shappur = Nishapur
=== Wikipedia on Adur Burzen-Mihr ===
This Fire is described in Bundahishn. Its location is given as Mount Rēvand (in Avestan: Raēvant), probably a spur of the Nishapur mountains in the district formerly known as Rēvand in Khurasan.[Wrong] An element of the name is preserved in the name of the nearby village Borzinan may [Wrong again.]. Another identification is Mount Mehr, five miles from the village Mehr on the Shahrud–Sabzevar Highway [Wrong.]. Some identify it with the Fire of Asaak.
=== Wikipedia on Nishapur ===
History of Nishapur has been intermingled with myths and different historical narratives. According to different mythological and historical narratives, the city was founded 7500 years ago during the reign of mythical line of primordial kings known as the Pishdadian dynasty.[27][verification needed] According to Arthur Christensen, Nishapur was founded in the year 260 A.D[28][verification needed]. Nishapur was founded by the Sasanian emperor Shapur II (r. 309–379) during the last years of his rule, as demonstrated by new archaeological findings.

Propasta
Προφθασία
Prophthasia
Prophthasia (Ptolemy) = Propasta (Peutinger)
Prophthasia = Phthasia = Feyzabad ?
Prophthasia = Pardhas = Ferdows ?
Prophthasia = Phath = Fath abad ?
In Taftan county of Sistan & Baluchistan province.
Near giant volcanic Mt. Taftan, and the city of Taftan, 39 miles NE of it.
75 to Parhe
25 [but should be 205] to Aris

Aris
Αρεία πόλις
Areia city
105, 35
Αρουζίς
Arouzis
Areia (Ptolemy) =
= Aris (Peutinger) =
= Arouzis (Ptolemy) ?
Areia = Herat ?
Areia = Chahar Burjak?
Areia = Taraka-i-'Abdullah Khan ?
Arouzis = Aris = Heruts = Herat ?
Arouzis = Harauts = Herat ?
Arouzis = Harauts = Hautz = Hawz e Karbas ??
Arouzis = Rozeh Bagh* = Chahar Burjak ?
* 1861 Rumsey Historical Map
25 [but should be 205] to Propasta
40 [but should be 150] to Thubrassene
25 [but should be 205] to Pharca

Thubrassene
Τριβαζίνα
Tribazina
106,33
Ταρβακάνα
Tarbacana
Tribazina (Ptolemy) =
= Tarbacana (Ptolemy)* ??
= Thubrassene (Peutinger)
* In the nearby Paropanissus region.
Tribazina = Tamazon
Tribazina = Tamazan
40 [but should be 150] to Aris
52 to Aspacora

Aspacora

Aspacora
Aspacora =
Aspacora = Cora'aspa = Koraz Sipha = Karez Suf ?
Aspacora = Spahcotah = Pay Kotal ??
52 [but should be 102] to Thubrassene
15 [but should be 200] to Parthona
70 to Scobaru

Aspacora ?
Aspacora
Aspacora = Choara ?
52 [but should be 102] to Thubrassene
15 [but really 105] to Parthona
70 to Scobaru

Scobaru

Scobaru ?
Scobaru = Szobaureh = Zobayr ?
70 to Aspacora
55 [but shoudl be 105] to Carsania

Scobaru ?
Scobaru = Szombalau = Zumbelay ?
70 [should be 120] to Aspacora
55 [should be 65] to Carsania

Scobaru ?
Scobaru = Sochuh = Surkhabad ?
70 to Aspacora
55 to Carsania

Scobaru = Dzobaluch = Dobolagh ?
Scobaru = Scorbah = Sorkhbid ?
[Bad site, because not on a natural thru-way.]
55 to Carsania

[No derived names here. Chosen just by Peutinger distances, and terrain features.]
55 to Carsania

Scobaru = Scon Baluch = Balagh Chineh ??
Scobaru = Cohalu = Colu ??

Carsania
Carsania = Karz
Carsania = Qazi Kariz
Carsania = Erazi ?
Carsania = Cahdza Ghar = Kandehar ??
15 [but really 105] to Parthona
70 to Scobaru

Parthona
Παρσία
Parsia
=== Possible Origins ===
Parsia (Ptolemy) = Partsina = Parthona (Peutinger) ?
Pashtun =* Parthona ?
* Note that the Pashtuns and Persians are NOT the same people, so if this possibility is true, then while Ptolemaic "Parsia" would remain here, yet the Peutinger map's "Parthona" would proably be 13 miles SW at "Do Poshteh."
[Note "Four Pakh(a)sa" castle here, perhaps constructed from the city's stones. The ancient city was probably here at the pin, for trade-control and easy water purposes, but the citadel was probably up on the height 1 mile to the northeast, where the placename is plotted.]
Parsia = Pahsia = Pakh(a)sa** ?
Parsia = Pahsia = Pakh(a)sa** = Pay Noqteh ?
Parthona = Pah'notha = Pay Noqteh ?
Parthona = Parnotha = Pay Noqteh ?
Partsina = Behsinah = "Nature Solidarity Water Dam Behsud (Park)"*** ?
Parsia = Parhi = Bari Qowl ??
** The name of the castle: "Four Pakhsa ( چهار پخسه )", could mean "four checks", but could also have derived from "Parsia."
*** Original Persian: بند آب همبستگی طبیعت بهسود
15 [but should be 200] to Aspacora
50 to Magaris

Magaris
Βαρζαῦρα
Barzaura
Barzaura (Ptolemy) = Bahjara = Magaris (Peutinger)
Bala Hissar* = Bahajara = Barzaura
Bala Hissar* = Bahajara = Magaris ?
* This would seem to apply to the Hazaras people, which suggests that the "Bala Hissar" may mean, not "high fort," as is assumed, but "Hazaras' fort."
Bala Hissar* = Kabul
Bala Hissar* = Barzaura
Bala Hissar* = Bist Hazari**
Barzaura = Zarzara = Shahre Naow ??
Bahjara = Khaje Bughra
Bahjara = Bagrami
Magaris = Qalai Najarha
* See Wikipedia below.
50 to Parthona
=== WIKIPEDIA on Bala Hissar, Kabul ===
Bala Hissar (lit. 'High Fort') is an ancient fortress located in the south of the old city of Kabul, Afghanistan.
The origins of the Bala Hissar fortress are obscure. Pre-Kushan pottery as well as Indo-Greek and Achaemenid coins have been recovered in its vicinity, indicating settlements in the area from at least the 6th century CE. Usage of the site as a citadel has been dated to a period as early as the 5th century; however, minimal evidence exists regarding its precise history.[2][3]

Caspian NE

Northern Route

Cities

110 Aria Alexandri 36
Αλεξάνδρεια ἐν᾿Αρείοις
Alexandreia in Areioi
Alexandreia in Areioi (Ptolemy) =
= Ara* Alexandri (Peutinger) =
= Alexandria of the Arii (Isidore of Charax)
* Most people probably think that this means "Alexander's altar"; however, it was probably just a misspelling on the Peutinger map, of Alexandria Aria, so the word "Ara" there, derives, not from Latin "altar," but from "Aryan."
Alexandria Maria = Alandar ?
Alexandria Maria = Akhtakhana ?
Alexandria Maria = Ahangaran ?
Alexandria Aria = Sare Ahangaran ?
=== WIKIPEDIA on Artacoana===
Artacoana[1][2] (Ancient Greek: Ἀρτακόανα) or Artacana[3] or Articaudna[4] (Ἀρτίκαυδνα) or Chortacana[5] or Artacaena,[6] name of the capital of Aria, an eastern satrapy of the Persian empire.
In late 330 B.C. Alexander the Great, according to his biographers, captured Artacoana, the Areian capital.[7] Later, a new capital was built, either by Alexander himself or by his successors, Alexandria Ariana (Ἀλεξάνδρεια ἡ ἐν Ἀρίοις), modern Herat in northwest Afghanistan. Ptolemy lists several other cities, an indication of the province's wealth and fertility. . . .
The etymology of this name remains unknown, and whether this place should be identified with the modern city of Herat is also uncertain, although the strategic position of modern Herat would suggest its great antiquity; and thus the possibility remains that they are one and the same place. In the early nineteenth century a Persian Achaemenid cuneiform cylinder seal was found in or near Herat.[10]
Beyond [Margiana] is Aria, 30 schoeni. There are the city of Candac and the city of Artacauan and Alexandria of the Arii; and 4 villages.
Beyond is Anauon, a region of Aria, 55 schoeni, in which is a very great city, Phra, and the city of Bis, and the city of Gari and the city of Nia; but there is no village.

Nagae
Nagae Nagae = Gae = Gyaurs ? Nagae = Gae = Gyaurs = Gevers ?
15 to Europos
20 [but should be 110] to Catippa
45 to Palitas

Fociana
Σουφθα
Souphtha
Ζαμουχάνα
Zamouchana
Typo. Should be Ζαφουχάνα
Zafouchana
102, 37
Ἰασόνιον
Iasonion
[Perhaps a pi-sigma typo:
Japonion (?)]
(Ds/J)amshid (mythological figure) =
= Jamshedi tribe*
= Jam (region & river)* =
= Djap =
= Souphtha (Ptolemy) = Supha Khan =
= Ζαfουχάνα (Ptolemaic editor, in Margiana) =
= Fociana (Peutinger) ?
= Iaponion (Ptolemy, in Margiana)** ??
** Whether Iaponion is right here, or anywhere else in the Jam region (e.g, at Jannatabad nearby), is doubtful.
Zafouchana = Dahanae Zulfeqar ?
Zafouchana = Darah-ye Zulfigar ?
20 [but should be 110] to Catippa
10 [but should be 100] to Stai

Stai
Ταστάχη
Tastache
Δίστα
Dista
Dista (Ptolemy) =
= Stahe =
= Stache = Tastache (Ptolemaic Editor)
= Stai (Peutinger)
Tastache = Tagtabazar ?
10 [but should be 100] to Fociana
35 [but should be 125] to Saphani

Saphani
Σιφάρη
Siphare
Siphare (Ptolemy) = Saphani (Peutinger)
Siphare = Chougira = Surf 'Ali ?
35 [but should be 125] to Stai
35 to Oscanidati

Oscanidati
Oscanidati - Uscanidati
Placed here, slightly closer to Asbana, based on distances on the Peutinger map.
=== Possible meanings: ===
From Uzbek word "Oz" for "Self."
Os-candidati = Snow white faced people.

Asbana
Asbana = Astanabava
22 from Oscanidati
20 from Alexandria

Alexandria [Eschate]
Sogiana = Sogdiana civilization
Here located at Khujand, one of its 4 capitals:
Samarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, Kesh
20 from Asbana
60 from Antioch
=== Wikipedia on Dayuan ===
The country of Dayuan is generally accepted as relating to the Ferghana Valley, controlled by the Hellenistic polis Alexandria Eschate (modern Khujand, Tajikistan), which can probably be understood as "Greco-Fergana city-state" in English language.

Antiochia
Andijan = Andukan = Antioch
=== WIKIPEDIA on Andijann ===
The origin of the name of the city is uncertain. Arab geographers of the 10th century referred to Andijan as "Andukan," "Andugan," or "Andigan."[3] The traditional explanation links the name of the city to the Turkic tribal names Andi and Adoq/Azoq.[4]

Peoples & Landforms

Sagae Scythae
Sagaes (Peutinger) = Saces/Sacha (Ptolemy)
[Note that this group is in 2 places: extreme NW Siberia, and extreme NE Siberia.]
=== Presumable Origin of Ptolemaic placenames: ===
Sogdi(ana) = Saceti = Saces/Sacha
Saces = Sacha Region (Tajikistan)
Saces = Tectosaces
Saces = Auxacitis
Saces = Massagetai ?
Saces = Kazakhs ?
Saces = Serica Mts. = Serica region = Sera metropolis ??

Rumi Scythae

Rumi Scythae
Ἐρύμμοι
Erymmoi
Erymmoi/Rummoi river (Ptolemy) = Rumi Scythae (Peutinger)
Erymmoi = Nariman ?
Erymmoi = Ek-hymmici = Akhremkin ?
Erymmoi = Ek-hymmici = Akhremkin = Aymeken ?

Rymmus river
Ῥυμμὸς
Erymmoi/Rummoi river (Ptolemy) = Rumi Scythae (Peutinger)

Askatagka Mts.
τοῦ ᾿Ασκατάγκα ὄρους
ὑπέρκεινται οἱ ὁμώνυμοι Σκύθαι,
Above the Askatagka Mts.,
dwell the Scythians of the same name.

Askatagka Mt. ?
᾿Ασκατάγκα ὄρος
Ascatagca Mt.
Mons Catacus (Peutinger) = Ascatagca Mt. (Ptolemy)
᾿Ασκατάγκαι             = ᾿Ασκατάγκα ὄρος
Ascatagcai (people) = Acshatagca Mt.
[But it seems that it should be "Acshatagca."]
Acshatagca = Akzhar ?
Acshatagca = Akzhal (2x) ?
Acshatagca = Akshi(y) ?
Acshatagca = Ak-Shiy ?
Acshatagca = Ak-Zhaylyau ?
Acshatagca = Aksuat ?
Acshatagca = Akshoky ?
Acshatagca = Arkat (3x) ?
Acshatagca = Arkarly ?
Acshatagca = Arkalyk ?
Acshatagca = Arkalyskiy ?
Acshatagca = Ad'zhan-adyrskiy ?
Acshatagca = Urzhar ?
Acshatagca = Usharal ?
Acshatagca = Taskesken ?
Acshatagca = Lake Balkhash ??
Acshatagca = Aksu-Ayuly ?
Acshatagca = Aktogay ?
Acshatagca = Akshimanskiy ?
Acshatagca = Aksan ?
Acshatagca = Shadagi = Shalday ??
Acshatagi = Tagy = Taygyugen ??
Acshatagi = Tagy = Toy-Guly??
Ascatagca = Ashchekol ?
Ascatagca = Charskaya ??
=== Form of the word Jakartus ? === Compare:
Jaxartus = Axsi = Ashche-Sai* = Ashca- = Ascatagcas
Jaxartus = Axsi = Ashche-Sai* = Acsha- = Acshatagcas
* City at the south end of the marked Urala Mts., near to the mouth of the Jaxartus river. Other forms of the placename are Ashchiy and Tagalayashchi.

Askatagka Mt. ?
τοῦ ᾿Ασκατάγκα ὄρους
ὑπέρκεινται οἱ ὁμώνυμοι Σκύθαι,
Above the Askatagka Mts.,
dwell the Scythians of the same name.
Mons Catacus (Peutinger) = Ascatagca Mt. (Ptolemy)
[If this is correct, then Ptolemy just wrongly put it on the southern side of Sacha-construed-as-greater-Lake-Balkhash-region, rather than north of it.
However, if Sacha is construed as the Kyrgyzstan mountains, south of here, then it is correct.]
=== Form of the word Jakartus ? === Compare:
Jaxartus = Axsi = Ashche-Sai* = Ashca- = Ascatagcas
Jaxartus = Axsi = Ashche-Sai* = Acsha- = Acshatagcas
* City at the south end of the marked Urala Mts., near to the mouth of the Jaxartus river. Other forms of the placename are Ashchiy and Tagalayashchi.

Abyoscythae
Ἄβιοι Σκύθαι
Abioi Scythians
Abioi (Ptolemy) = Abyoscythae (Peutinger)
Abioi = Eben = Even people.
Abioi = Ewenki = Evenki people.

Nigrinus river

Jastus river

100 Jastus river 47.5
Ιαστου
Ιαστου = Ἰαξάρτου
Jastus = Jaxartus
[Even though these are separate rivers, the Jastus is obviously just an old branch of the Jaxartus.]

Northern Part
[if this were to be thought of as part of either the Jastus, or Jaxartus, and should be, for the Jastus tribe is nearby, which should have no etymological connection to these 2 rivers' names, unless this northern section were thought of by that name.]
Jaxartus = Zharshagyl ?
Jaxartus = Zhenishkekum ?
Jaxartus = Zhelgyzagem ?
Jaxartus = Tshkhantam ?

Aral Portage

Nigrinus river
Ἰαξάρτου
Iaxartus = Jaxartus
=== Possible Origins ===
Anxi = Jaxartus river ?
====
Nigrinus* river (Peutinger) = Jaxartus river (Ptolemy)
Jaxartus = Xar = Kyzal = Kyzyl* = Kyzylkum desert
Jaxartus = Xar = Kyzal = Kyzyl* = [Many placenames around here, such as the city and region of Kyzylorda.]
* Means "black". This is obviously due to the color of the desert.
Jaxartus = Syr Darya river
Jaxartus = Aksu river (In Kyrgistan & China) ?
=== Cities at the NE Caspian shore ===
Jaxartus = Dzharchik
Jaxartus = Zhaksybaykair
Jaxartus = Axs = Kulakshi
=== Cities on the Portage ===
Jaxartus = Axalth = Axalch = Akshelek
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xalch = Shalkar
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xalch = Shilikty
Jaxartus = Xal = Xal = Zhalauly
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xalgh = Zhelgyzagem
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xach = Karashokat
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xach = Saksaulskiy
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xalich = Saryshiganak
Jaxartus = Axs = Akespe ??
Jaxartus = Xal = Shalkar (city)
Jaxartus = Jaxal = Kyzylorda (city & region)
Jaxartus = Jaxal = Kyzyl-Ordinskaya Oblast
Jaxartus = Janxal = Zhankel
Jaxartus = Zartus - Zar-Tash ?
Jaxartus = Zhetisay
Jaxartus = Zhily Su
Jaxartus = Koksaray
Jaxartus = Shardara (city & reservoir)
Jaxartus = Sharva
| Tributaries of the Jaxartus
Tributary: | Jaxartus | Demos | Bascatis
Junction with the Jaxartus | N/A | 123,37 | 121,47.5
* Longitude, then Latitude

Jaxartus river
Ἰαξάρτου
Iaxartus = Jaxartus
=== Possible Origins ===
Anxi = Jaxartus river ?
====
Nigrinus* river (Peutinger) = Jaxartus river (Ptolemy)
Jaxartus = Xar = Kyzal = Kyzyl* = Kyzylkum desert
Jaxartus = Xar = Kyzal = Kyzyl* = [Many placenames around here, such as the city and region of Kyzylorda.]
* Means "black". This is obviously due to the color of the desert.
Jaxartus = Syr Darya river
Jaxartus = Aksu river (In Kyrgistan & China) ?
=== Cities at the NE Caspian shore ===
Jaxartus = Dzharchik
Jaxartus = Zhaksybaykair
Jaxartus = Axs = Kulakshi
=== Cities on the Portage ===
Jaxartus = Axalth = Axalch = Akshelek
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xalch = Shalkar
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xalch = Shilikty
Jaxartus = Xal = Xal = Zhalauly
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xalgh = Zhelgyzagem
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xach = Karashokat
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xach = Saksaulskiy
Jaxartus = Xalth = Xalich = Saryshiganak
Jaxartus = Axs = Akespe ??
Jaxartus = Xal = Shalkar (city)
Jaxartus = Jaxal = Kyzylorda (city & region)
Jaxartus = Jaxal = Kyzyl-Ordinskaya Oblast
Jaxartus = Janxal = Zhankel
Jaxartus = Zartus - Zar-Tash ?
Jaxartus = Zhetisay
Jaxartus = Zhily Su
Jaxartus = Koksaray
Jaxartus = Shardara (city & reservoir)
Jaxartus = Sharva
| Tributaries of the Jaxartus
Tributary: | Jaxartus | Demos | Bascatis
Junction with the Jaxartus | N/A | 123,37 | 121,47.5
* Longitude, then Latitude

Demos river
Δῆμος
Demos = Dzhana-Tleu
Demos = Zhaidma
Demos = Zhaiylma
Demos = Zhdanovo
Demos = Zhanaturmys
Demos = Zhanatas
Demos = Zhanaaryk
Demos = Zhanakush
Demos = Baidzhansai
Demos = Bayzhansay
[This is the middle of the 3 Rivers, between the Jaxartus & Bascatis, which latter 2 are reversed from how shown on the map.]
| Tributaries of the Jaxartus
Tributary: | Jaxartus | Demos | Bascatis
Junction with the Jaxartus | N/A | 123,37 | 121,47.5
* Longitude, then Latitude

Bascatis river
Βασκατὶς
Bascatis = Beysheke
Bascatis = Bishkek
Bascatis = Beshh-Terek
Bascatis = Bektobe
Bascatis = Issyk Kul (Lake) ?
Bascatis = Blagoveshchenka ??
[The coordinates are all screwed up for this. This should be the westernmost of the 3 Jaxartus-linked-rivers, but in fact it is clearly easternmost, based on derived placenames, east of both the Demos & Jaxartus.]

Balkhash Portage

Derbicce
Δρίβυκες
Drubuces
Media region
Δερβίκκαι
Margiana region
Drubuces (Ptolemy) =
= Derbiccai (Ptolemy) = Derbicce (Peutinger)
Derbiccai = Ribici = Ribioi (Inner Scythian people, see nearby pin) ? Derbiccai = Tubiacai (Inner Scythian people; see at bottom) ?
Derbiccai = Herbittai = Nerbit = Nebitdag* ?
Derbila = Berival = Pereval ?
Turkbashi = Derbiccai ?
Turkbashi = Turkmenbashi (city on coast) ?
Turkbashi = Turkmenbashi = Belek Turrkmenskiy
* On modern map.
=== Uzbek/Turkic possibility ===
Originally . . .
Derbiccai = Derceboi (Both nearby Ptolemaic peoples)
Later . . .
Derbiccai = Ubyk (55 miles NNE) ?
Derbiccai = Ubyk = Uzbek ?
Derbiccai = Erbyk = Adzhykui ?
Derceboi = Turkebi = Turk = Turkmen ?
Derceboi = Beric = Belek Turrkmenskiy ?
Root stock:
Subartu = "Wanderers"
Subartu = Sabirs = Siberia ?
Subartu = Tubaltu = Tubal* ?
Western Branch:
Tubal* = Tabari = Tabaristan (N. Iran)
Tubal* = Tabali = Tbilisi
Tubal* = Haval = Avar = Iberia
Tubal* = Talbah = Albania ?
Tubal = Tahwal = Azhwal = Azeri (??)
Eastern Branch:
Tubal (Bible*) = Tubary =
= Tapouri (Ptolemy, Margiana) =
= Tabireni = Tabienoi (Ptolemy, Inner Scythia)
= Tapoureoi (Ptolemy, Inner Scythia)
= Tubiacai (Ptolemy, Inner Scythia) ?
= Tubiacai = Derbiccai (Ptolemy, Margiana) ?
* In the Bible (Genesis 10:2, 1 Chronicles 1:5, Ez. 38:1-3, 39:1)
** In Ptolemy

Oxus River

105 Oxos river 39
Ωξον ποταμὸν
Oxos river
[Note that its not so much a single river, as a river-system-corridor.]
Oxos = Vaksh river (S Kyrgystan) ?
Oxos = Osh, Kyrgystan (also a province) ?
Oxos = Ozgon, Kyrgystan ?
Oxos = Ichka, Tajikstan ?
Oxos = Okyh, Uzbekistan ?
Amu Darya, Kolcha Rivers

Oxus Headwaters: 110, 39.
Perhaps should be 119, 39

Former Lake

Dargamanes river

116.5 Dargamanes river 36.33
Δαργαμάνης
Dargamanes river (in Bactria)
Δραχάμαι
Drachamai (in Aria)
Δαρκάμα
Darcama (in Aria)
Drachamai people (Ptolemy, in Margiana) =
= Dargamanes river* (Ptolemy, in Bactria) =
= Darcama* (Ptolemaic Editor, in Margiana)
* Another name for the Herat river
Dargamanes = Dharjanz = Tedzhen river
Dargamanes = Dharjanz = Tedzhen = Tejen
Dargamanes = Dharjanz = Tedzhenstroj
Dargamanes = Dharjanz = Hardzhagaz

Portage 1

Portage 2

Portage 3

Dargamanes Headwaters: 116.5, 36.33.

Begin mixing with the Oxus: 109, 40.5.

Confluence with the Oxus: 109, 44.

Zariaspis & Artemis

113 Zariaspis river 39
Ζαρίασπις
Zariaspis river
(Modern Morghab river)

Headwaters of the Zariaspis: 113, 39.

Junction of the Zariaspis & Artemis: 113, 40.67.

Junction with the Oxus: 112.5, 44.

114 Artemis 39
ὁ Ἄρταμις
Artemis river
Headwaters at 114, 39

Headwaters of the Artemis

Dargoidos

116 Dargoidos river 39
Δάργοιδος
Dargoidos river
Headwaters at 116, 39

Flows into Oxus

Headwaters of the Dargoidos

Arote
Arote = Raut
Arote = Raut = Ravat
Arote = Raut = Ravon ?
Arote = Rosrovut ?
Arote = Artuch ?
Arote = Auchi ?
Arote = Haroch = Vorukh ?
Arote = Haroch = Chorku ?
Arote = Dar(oo/au)t-Korgon (75 miles SEE) ?
Arote = Uroteppa = Istaravshan (95 miles W) ?

Issedones
Ἰσσηδόνες
Issedones (Ptolemy) =* Essedones Scythae (Peutinger)
* Note that on the Peutinger map, the Essedones appear far west of here, on the Oxus river, in Western Bactria, which supports the general hypothesis that they migrated westward, in the 3rd century.
The Yuezhi and Wusan are thought of as different, unrelated groups, what with the expanding Han Dynasty, driving the Wusan westward, who were in turn driving the Yuezhi westward. However I note the similarity of their names here . . .
(G)Y(u)ishi = Yuezhi (160 B.C. - 40 A.D.)
(G)Y(u)ishi = Guìshuāng (貴霜) ?
(G)Y(u)ishi = (J/G)ushi
(G)Y(u)ishi = Wusun
. . . and even if they are unrelated, it seems that 1 of the Yuezhi's 5 nations in the Mts.--the Guìshuāng (貴霜)--may've been Wusan people, just because the names are so similar (?). (Another of those 5 nations may've scattered and become numerous tribes--the X(i)umi--scattered throughout Bactria and Parthia, all beginning with the letters "Com-").
=== Issedones as Yuezhi & (J/G)ushi ===
(G)Y(u)ishi = Lesser Yuezhi ?
(G)Y(u)ishi = (J/G)ushi = Issedones*** ?
(G)Y(u)ishi = (J/G)ushi = Kushan Empire ?
See video for how the Yuezhi came from the (J/G)ushi lands, near Turpan & Kroran.
** From 160-120 B.C., the Yuezhi migrated far West to Bactria, where they are correctly shown on the Peutinger map, as "Essedones." A 2nd migration may have occurred in 60 B.C., after losing to the Chinese Han Dynasty, in the Battle of Jushi (See Wikipedia below), if that word is indeed also a cognate of "Yuezhi." If Ptolemy's Issedones are indeed these departed Yuezhi--the "Greater Yuezhi"--, then this would either mean that Ptolemy placed the Issedones too far eastward (unlikely), or that they are a restoration of the--no longer "Yuezhi," but now--their descendents the Kushans, returning after 120 A.D. in conquest of their homeland, from the Han who drove them out.
The other more likely possibility is that these Issedones are the splinter group--the "Lesser Yuezhi"--left behind from the main body of the Yuezhi, basically that they were present here, the whole time, and never left here.
*** See Wikipedia below. Issedones being the Jushi would enable the "North & South Jushi" mentioned therein, to respectively be Ptolemy's 2 cities of "Issedon Scythia," and "Issedona Secira."
=== Issedones as Xiongnu (Huns) ===
Issyk-Huns = Issedones**** ?
Issyk-Kul (Lake) = Issedones**** ?
=== Issedones as Wusun ===
Wusun = Issyk-Huns = Issedones**** ??
Wusun = Issyk-Kul (Lake) = Issedones**** ??
**** It's most assumed that the Wusan are the Issedones, but I think this the least likely of the 3 above choices.
ὑπὸ δὲ ταῦτα [Ἀσμιραία χώρα & ὁμώνυμα ὄρη ,] μέχρι τῶν Κασίων Ἰσσηδόνες μέγα ἔθνος ,
But under these [the Asmiraia region and homonymous mountains] until the Casia Mts., [dwell the] Issedones, a great nation.
=== Wikipedia on Wusan ===
Canadian Sinologist Edwin Pulleyblank reconstructed the pronunciation of 烏孫' Wūsūn as in Middle Chinese as ou-suən, from Old Chinese aĥ-smən and linked the Wusun to the Άσμίραιοι Asmiraioi, who inhabited modern Issyk-Kul and Semirechiye and were mentioned in Ptolemy's Geography (VI.16.3).[6][7] Another theory links them to the Issedones.[8]
=== Wikipedia on Jushi ===
In or about 60 BC, the Han—ruled at the time by Emperor Xuan—defeated Xiongnu forces at the Battle of Jushi, during the Han–Xiongnu War. Afterwards the main part of the Jushi lands was divided into two states: a southern area controlled by the Han, who referred to it as “Nearer Jushi” (or "Anterior Jushi"), and a northern area known to the Han as “Further Jushi" (or "Posterior Jushi") that was dominated by the Xiongnu. Nearer Jushi was administered by the Han from a capital at Jiaohe (16 kilometres west of the site of modern Turpan). The capital of Further Jushi appears to have been called Yuli or Yulai, and was located about 10 km north of Jimasa, 200 km north of Jiaohe.[6] The Jushi never regained their independence.

Sygris river
ποταμὸς ἀξιόλογος ὁ Μάργος
The noteworthy river Margos
Margos (Ptolemy) = Sygris (Peutinger)
Margos river = modern Atrak river
One might think it's the modern Murghab river, but that's misnamed, and really the ancient Dargamanes.
διαῤῥεῖ δὲ τὴν χώραν ποταμὸς ἀξιόλογος ὁ Μάργος, οὗ αἱ μὲν πη10 γαὶ ἐπέχουσι μοίρας.
But the noteworthy river Margos waters the land, whose spriing has location 105, 39

Marbiane
Marbiane (Peutinger) = Margiana (Ptolemy)*
* However, Ptolemy's Margiana more constituted the highlands to the SWW, overlooking the Caspian Sea basin.
Marbiane = Merv = Bactra Regia**
** On Ptolemy's map

Bactrianoe
Bactria (Ptolemy)* = Bactrianoe (Peutinger)
* For Ptolemy, Bactria was just the area south of the Oxus river; for Peutinger, it's the entire broad area, including Soddiana & Margiana's capitol Merv.
Bactria = Drybactai
Bactria = Trybactra
Bactria = Bactra Regia

Xatis Scythians
Χάται Σκύθαι
The Chatai Scythians
Chatai (Ptolemy) = Xatis (Peutinger)
Chatai = Kucha ?
Chatai = Chot-Nura ?
Chatai = Kaindy ?
Chatai = Kochkor ?
Chatai = (K)Hotan* ?
* Unlikely: Far to the south
=== Similar Regions ===
Ἀχάσα = Χάται = Κασία
Achasa = Chatai = Kasia

Tanchire
Tanchire = Tachoroi = Tocharians.

Ecbatana to Himalayas

Anarus

Anarus
Anarus = Anar
37 [but should be 197] to Ecbatana
20 to Seuavicina

Anarus
30 [but should be 127] to Ecbatana

Seuavicina
"Near to Seu[w]a"
Seua = Sheuam = Shahmabad (شاهم آباد) ? [Note Bayazeh Castle at the pin here, dating back to the Sassanian Empire (224 to 651 AD).]
20 to Anarus
15 [but should be 105] to [C]hermantica

[C]hermantica
Thermantica
Chermantica (A typo)
Chermantica = Kerman
15 [but should be 105] to Seuavicina
20 [but should be anywhere from 490 to 520] to Orubicaria

Orubicaria ?
᾿Αρβάκα
Arbaca
Arbaca (Ptolemy) = Orubicaria (Peutinger) ?
Arbaca = Bagat Ser* = Rawakhan Kala ?
20 [but should be anywhere from 490 to 520] to Thermantica
18 [but should be 108 or 146] to Pyctis

Pyctis
Pyctis = Pashtun ?
Pyctis = Tyctis = Tukhto pool* = Takhteh Pol ?
Pyctis = Barekzi ?

Ange

Ange
Ange = Angoor Ada ?
Ange = Ahguh = Urgun ??

Ange ?
Ange = Hance = Tank ?
Ange = Amce = Amakhel ?

Rages

Rages
Rages = Rangpur Baghoor ?

Rages
Rages = Thathi Bala Raja ?
16 [should be 116 or 145] to Ange
10 [should be 100] to Lahora

Rages = Midh Ranjha ?
16 [should be 116 or 145] to Ange
10 [should be 100] to Lahora

Lahore

Cetrora

Cetrora
Cetrora = Katr = Katch = Kash = Local Katsheer = Western Kashmir ?
Cetrora = Katra ?
=== WIKIPEDIA on Kashmir ===
The Ancient Greeks called the region Kasperia, which has been identified with Kaspapyros of Hecataeus of Miletus (apud Stephanus of Byzantium) and Kaspatyros of Herodotus (3.102, 4.44). Kashmir is also believed to be the country meant by Ptolemy's Kaspeiria. In the Kashmiri language, Kashmir itself is known as Kasheer.

Cetrora
This place is out of position, so "Cetrora" probably refers to the Kash(m)eer region, not to this ancient city. Cetrora = Ancient Ahi-chhatra

Bacinora

Bacinora
Bijnor (City & District) = Bacinora
No mentions earlier than 1399.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijnor_district

Bacinora
Bacinora = Bhokra ?
Bacinora = Bathinda?
Bacinora = Bhucho Mandi?
Bacinora = Bhisiana ?

Arate
Historical alternate pronunciations: Saravana & Savatthi.
Arate = Savatthi = Modern Shravasti
Arate = rate = Uttare = Uttar Region ?
=== Wikipedia on Shravasti ===
The word Shravasti is rooted in Sanskrit and the Hindu tradition. In Pali and Buddhist literature, it is called Savatthi.[10] Early Buddhist literature paint Savatthi as a mega-urban center in the time of the Buddha. The 5th-century Buddhist commentator and philosopher Buddhaghosa, living some 900 years after the death of the Buddha, states that there were 5.7 million residents in Savatthi. This is implausible and likely a gross exaggeration based on the Buddhist oral traditions. Yet, it also reflects a community memory of Shravasti as a prosperous large capital.[2] In Ajivika and Jaina literature, the same Kosala capital is called Saravana, Kunalnagari and Chandrikapuri.
Shravasti is also referred to as Saheth-Maheth, or sometimes just Sahet-Mahet, in archaeological and historical scholarship.[9] These are two sites separated by less than 2 kilometers. Saheth is smaller and contains the Jetavana monuments. Maheth refers to the walled complex within a much damaged ancient mud fort.[4] The site is most known for its Buddhist monuments, though significant important ruins of old Hindu and Jain temples along with artwork have also been found here. Adjacent to Maheth, to its northwest, are also medieval era Islamic tombs.

Pharca
Bihar region = Bhar = Phar = Pharca

Phoclis ?
Phoclis = Fofalzai ?

Caspira
Caspira = Kashmir ?

Mons Baropanisos

Mons Baropanisos
Παροπανισαδῶν
Paropanisadon
Paropanisus (Ptolemy) = Mons Baropanisos (Peutinger map)
=== Wikipedia on Paropamisadae [region]===
Paropamisadae is the Latinized form of the Greek name Paropamisádai (Παροπαμισάδαι),[5] which is in turn derived from Old Persian Para-uparisaina, meaning "Beyond the Hindu Kush", where the Hindu Kush is referred to as Uparisaina ("higher than the eagle").[6]

Bamirice

Bamirice
Bamirice = Pamir Mts.

Persian coast

Volocesia
=== PEUTINGER MAP === (distances in miles)
18 from Babylon

Babylon
Βαβυλωνία
Babylonia
[Note: Not the famous Babylon.]
Τὸ δυτικὸν στόμα τοῦ Τίγριδος ἐν τῇ περιγραφῇ τῆς Βαβυλωνίας ὃ ἔκκειται 79.5, 30.25
ανατολικὸν στόμα τοῦ Τίγριδος ποταμοῦ ἐκβολῶν 80.5, 31.
The Western mouth of the Tigris outflows in the vicinity of Babylon, [at] 79.5, 30.25 ;
the Eastern mouth of the Tigris River outflows [at] 80.5, 31.
Babylonia (Ptolemy) = Bubiyan (Peutinger)
Note local place-name: "Bubiyan" Island.
18 to Volocesia
44 [should be 104?] to Seleucia

Seleucia

Seleucia
Here located at the Barrington Atlas' proposed location.
Same as Σαυρα / "Saura," in Susiana province, in Ptolemy's Geographica ?
56 to Sohene [Sus(ian)a]
94 to Babylon
60 to Rache
45 to Dorista
=== WIKIPEDIA ===
Seleucia-on-the-Hedyphon Seleucia-on-the-Hedyphon, formerly Soloke or Soloce, Sodome, and Sele, also Surak was an ancient city on the Hedyphon (now Jarahi) river in Susiana

Seleucia
Note local placename: Soveyseh-ye
Note also Selee (in Ptolemy's Geographica), 15 miles to the southwest.
Same as Σαυρα / "Saura," in Susiana province, in Ptolemy's Geographica ?
56 to Sohene [Sus(ian)a]
44 [should be 104?] to Babylon
60 to Rache
45 [should be 104?] to Dorista
=== WIKIPEDIA ===
Seleucia-on-the-Hedyphon Seleucia-on-the-Hedyphon, formerly Soloke or Soloce, Sodome, and Sele, also Surak was an ancient city on the Hedyphon (now Jarahi) river in Susiana

Note local placenames:
Shiri = Sele
Guleh-ye = LEUKIA = se-LEUKIA
=== PEUTINGER MAP === (distances in miles)
56 from Sohene [Sus(ian)a]
44 [should be 104?] from Babylon
45 [should be 104?] from Dorista
=== WIKIPEDIA ===
Seleucia-on-the-Hedyphon Seleucia-on-the-Hedyphon, formerly Soloke or Soloce, Sodome, and Sele, also Surak was an ancient city on the Hedyphon (now Jarahi) river in Susiana

Dorista ?
A.ka. Butari (= Dutari = Dorista) === PEUTINGER MAP === (distances in miles)
45 [typo?] from Seleucia
20 [typo?] from Dbara

Abara
Ramleh-ye Bālā = Ramleh-Abara
Same as Oroba (at Borazjan), in Ptolemy's Geographica ?
=== PEUTINGER MAP === (distances in miles)
20 from Dorista
20 from Cyrrapho

Cyrappho
Cyrappho (Peutinger) = Rutarata (Peutinger) ?
Bucharap = Bushehr/Bushire ?
Bucharap = Charap = Cyrappho ?
Bucharap = Butarap = Rutarata ?
=== Rutarata ===
40 [ should be 150] to Rache
20 to Berdanna
=== Cyrappho ===
20 to Abara
35 to Thamara

Thamara
35 from Cyrrapho
20 from Cybate

Cybate
Note local placename: "Kabgan"
20 from Thamara
40 from Donnantia

Donantilia ?
40 from Cybate
20 from Dablan

Dablan
Note local placename "Bandar" ("city") = "Dablan", by reversing the syllables.
20 from Donantilia
13 from Aserga

Aserga

Aserga
Aserga = Asharji = Askari
Aserga = Asarujah = Asaluyeh
Aserga = Haski = Askari ?
Aserga = Haski = Askand = Akhand ?
* This is proof that the Peutinger map had later edits/additions.
13 to Dablan
40 to Anar

City limits

Anar
Bandar = Andar = Anar
40 from Aserga
25 from Assabe

Assabe
Aftab = Assab = Assabe
25 from Anar
25 from Epara

Epara
25 from Assabe
15 from Karax Spasinou

Karax Spasinou

Karax Spasinou
Karax = (Bandar e) Charak
Spasinou = Hasinou = Bandar e Hasineh ?
Durine = Kondoran ?
Karax = Harakh = Armak ??
Karax = Harakh = Maragh ??
* See Wikipedia below:
=== MAJOR CONFUTATION ===
WRONGLY believed to be the same as Maysān [A.C.Emmerich's "Mozi(a)n"], far off in Mesopotamia. That accounts for the claim of first 1, then 50, then 120 miles from the Coast. 1 miles is correct; 50 & 120 apply to that other city.
Note local placename: "Bandar e Charak"
"Spasinou" is the name of the founder, Hyspaosines (209–124 BC).
"Charac" gives the name to the region of "Characene," commonly believed to be in the area of Chaldea, but which will have to be revised to here, which isn't surprising, considering how many Persian king-names are connected with Characene.
Evidence: The major evidence for the city being down here, is . . .
The Peutinger map, which shows the city being far off in the tip of its own Peninsula, certainly not in the concave coast of Iraq; . . . and a string of identified modern cities which do seem to accord with this image;
the local presence of derived modern place names of . . .
Charak, and
Durine (See Wikipedia below);
The disproportionate Persian (not Mesopotamian!) associations with this town
15 to Epara
10 to the end of the point
Next to the Sinus "Carmanius" the same word as "Hormuzd."
=== Wikipedia on Charax Spasinu ===
The city was established by Alexander the Great in 324 BC, replacing a small Persian settlement, Durine.[8] This was one of Alexander's last cities before his death in 323 BC.
According to Pliny the Elder:
The town of Charax is situated in the innermost recess of the Persian Gulf, from which projects the country called Arabia Felix. It stands on an artificial elevation between the Tigris on the right and the Eulaeus on the left, at the point where these two rivers unite, and the site measures two [Roman] miles [3 km] in breadth... It was originally at a distance of 1¼ miles [1.9 km] from the coast, and had a harbour of its own, but when Juba [Juba II, c. 50 BC—c. AD 24] published his work it was 50 miles [74 km] inland; its present distance from the coast is stated by Arab envoys and our own traders who have come from the place to be 120 miles [178 km]. There is no part of the world where earth carried down by rivers has encroached on the sea further or more rapidly...[3]
The Description of Pliny matches the depiction on the Peutinger Table.
=== Pliny on the Eulaeus River ===
Susiane is separated from Elymais by the river Eulæus, which rises in Media, and, after concealing itself in the earth for a short distance, rises again and flows through Mesabatene. It then flows round the citadel of Susa40 and the temple of Diana, which is held in the highest veneration by all these nations; the river itself being the object of many pompous ceremonials; the kings, indeed, will drink of no other water,41 and for that reason carry it with them on their journies to any considerable distance. This river receives the waters of the Hedypnos,42 which passes Asylus, in Persis, and those of the Aduna, which rises in Susiane. Magoa43 is a town situate near it, and distant from Charax fifteen miles [a branch of the Mand river, 15 miles to the North, which could be believed to be a continuation of the Eulaeus (as modern Karun-&-then-Khersaan rivers), since their two headwaters meet, deep in the interior, at Komehr, Iran]; some writers place this town at the very extremity of Susiane, and close to the deserts.

City Limits
=== Pliny the Elder: ===
See original Latin here.
The embankments extend in length a distance of nearly 6 miles, in breadth a little less. It stood at first at a distance of 1 mi from the shore, and even had a harbor of its own. [Here they confuse it with a different city, off in Mesopotamia] But according to Juba, it is 50 miles from the sea; and at the present day, the ambassadors from Arabia, and our own merchants who have visited the place, say that it stands at a distance of one 120 miles from the sea-shore.

Arabian Sea coast

Rapsa
Ecbatana (Peutinger) = Cybate (Peutinger) ?
Ecbatana = Cabathan = Kabgan
120 to Berdanna (?)*
37 to Anarus (?)*
30 to Ecbata as Cybate*
* Alternatively, perhaps that 30 (XXX) is supposed to be 180 miles to the main Ecbatana (at what's commonly but wrongly regarded as Persepolis), in which case the asterisked measurements would be wrong..

Bregnana
Bregnana = Baghan = Bohr Bagh ?
Bregnana = Eghan = Jam ?
22 to Rapsa
30 to Siacus

Siacus
Ταόκη άκρα
Taocee Acra
Taocee Acra = Acla Tachee = Nakhl Taghi ?

Nasaci
Nasaci (Peutinger) = Aserga (Peutinger editor*)
Aserga = Asharji = Askari
Aserga = Asarujah = Asaluyeh
Nasaci = Haski = Askari ?
Nasaci = Haski = Askand = Akhand ?
* This is proof that the Peutinger map had later edits/additions.
10 to Siacus
12 to Portippa

Portippa
Farsaba = Portippa*
Farsaba = Farsi
12 to Nasaci
12 to Persepoliscon Mercium Persarum

Persepoliscon Mercium Persarum
Persepoliscon = Parsiyan
12 to Portippa
60 to Pantyene

India

Persepolis to Lahore

Khyber Pass

Mand River
Modern Mand
Eastern outlet is the Rogomanios ( Ρογομάνιος ) river.

Rapsa

Rapsa ?
Rapsa
Rapsa = Rabha = Rubahqan ?
30 to Ecbatanis Partiorum
22 [but should be 112] to Bregnana

Rapsa ?
Rapsa = Shehar* + Rasa = Shiraz** ?
* Means "City" in Persian.
** Note that Wikipedia denies this (See below)
30 to Ecbatanis Partiorum
22 [but should be 112] to Bregnana
=== Wikipedia on Shiraz ===
The earliest reference to the city is on Elamite clay tablets dated to 2000 BCE, found in June 1970, while digging to make a kiln for a brick factory in the south western corner of the city. The tablets written in ancient Elamite name a city called Tiraziš.[15] Phonetically, this is interpreted as /tiračis/ or /ćiračis/. This name became Old Persian /širājiš/; through regular sound change comes the modern Persian name Shirāz. The name Shiraz also appears on clay sealings found at a 2nd-century CE Sassanid ruin, east of the city.

Bregnana
Bregnana = Breikhun ?
Bregnana = Balaghan = Bolghan* ?
* Site of Ādur Farnbāg fire temple, 1 of the 3 top-level Zoroastrian fire-temples.
22 [but should be 112] to Rapsa
30 [but should be 300] to Siacus

Siacus

Siacus
Siacus = Shahrak ?
30 to Bregnana
10 [but should be 100] to Nasaci

Siacus = Kuh-e* Sihak = Kuhestak ?
Siacus = Sirik ?
Siacus = Sikui ?
Siacus = Geruk ??
Siacus = Ziyarat ??
* Means "Mountain of," in Persian.
30 [but should be 300] to Bregnana
10 [but should be 100] to Nasaci

Nasaci

Nasaci ?
Nasaci
Nasaci = Hasagh = Hesar ?
10 [but should be 100] to Siacus
12 [but should be 102] to Portippa

Nasaci = Huzak = Tujk (توجک)
10 to Siacus
12 [but should be 20] to Portippa

Portippa
Portippa = Birdaf
may be under the pin.]
12 [but should be 20] to Nasaci
12 [but should be 20] to Persepoliscon Mercium Persarum

Persepoliscon Mercium Persarum
Παρσὶς μητρόπολις
Parsis Metropolis
Persepolis Commercium Persarum
"City of Persia, Marketplace of the Persians."
Parsis Metropolis (Ptolemy) =
= Persepoliscon Mercium Persarum (Peutinger)
Parsis = Bur-e Sar ?
Parsis = Boursar ?
Parsis = Boursar = Bursar Heydari = Baby Heydar ?
[Unusual riverbend looks dug, to form a moat. Ruins may be under the pin.]
12 [but should be 20] to Portippa
60 [but should be 110] to Panuene

Pantyene

Pantuene
[Pan, Pasa, & Panta are all Greek forms of the word "All"]
Pantuene = Panwan
60 [should be 110] to Persis Metropolis
30 to Arciotis

Arciotis

Arciotis
Karachi = Karchi = Arciotis ("of the bear")
"Arbitozi" in Ptolemy's Geographia.
Located exactly based on the old Arabs river bed.

Arabs River
In Ptolemy.

Caumatis
Greek for "Burning hot."
Here located at the Rann of Kutch Salt Marsh, bordered on the north by desert.

Aradarum
Aradarum = Charadva ?
Aradarum = Bharada ?
Aradarum = Dhrangadhra ?
Could mean "of Dry people" / "of dry lands"
Probably the same word as "Orbadarum" in Ptolemy's "India Intra Ganges" map.

Taharene

Bestia Deselutia
Bestia Deselutia = Bestia Dissoluta = Sloth Bear Sanctuary.

Rana
Rana = Rani

Bauterna
Bauterna = Balotra

Cotrica

Ochirea
Ochirea = Pokhran

Phara
Phara = Phara wala = Bharewala
Phara = Phara wala = Charawala

Ora
Ora = Ora wala = Rawla

Pileam
Pileam = Pali Wala ?
Pileam = Pilibanga ?

Arni
Arni = Arniwala

Alexandria Bucephalous ?
[I disagree with this site.]
This is the officially accepted (but controversial) site of the famous battle with King Porus, when Alexander built Nicaea, and Alexandria Bucephalous across the river from one another.
Also proposed sites are Northwest of Lahore, contradicting Peutinger.

Spatura
Spatura = Charsadda ?

Spatura
Nicaea (Ptolemy) = "Victory" = Fatehpur = Spatura (Peutinger) ?

Scobaru
Scobaru = Kahonia Baju = Modern district of "Sherpur" ? Scobaru = Sankosh (River) + Baru
=== WIKIPEDIA on Sherpur District ===
The name "Sherpur" can't be found in ancient history. During the rules of emperor [16th century] Akbar, this area was called "Dash Kahonia Baju".

Scobaru
Scobaru = Kahonia Baju = Modern district of "Sherpur" ?
=== WIKIPEDIA on Sherpur District ===
The name "Sherpur" can't be found in ancient history. During the rules of emperor [16th century] Akbar, this area was called "Dash Kahonia Baju".

Magaris

Magaris
Magaris = Meghna river ?
(Basically a reference to the Brahmaputra River)
However, there are many other surrounding possibilities for Magaris: Meghalaya province, Nagaland province, individual cities in Myanmar.

Magaris = Nagaris = Nokhali = Noakhali ?
However, there are many other surrounding possibilities for Magaris: Megana River, Nagaland province, individual cities in Myanmar.

Carsania

Carsania
Carsania = Charchandrail ?
Char- is used for a lot of deltas around here.

Carsania = Bhitar kanika
Char- is used for a lot of deltas around here.

Parthona

Parthona
Parthona = Pauthona = Bhoṭa-anta = Bhutan
=== WIKIPEDIA on Bhutan ===
The precise etymology of "Bhutan" is unknown, although it is likely to derive from the Tibetan endonym "Böd" for Tibet. Traditionally, it is taken to be a transcription of the Sanskrit Bhoṭa-anta "end of Tibet", a reference to Bhutan's position as the southern extremity of the Tibetan plateau and culture.

Malabar Coast, etc.

Western routes

Eastern route

Rnana
Rnana = Ranasan

Alcon?

Alcon
Alcon = Dholka ?
Same as Ptolemy's Olochera ?
=== WIKIPEDIA on Dholka Dholka ===
Large numbers of old buildings in the city suggest that it was important in ancient times; archaeologists have discovered small stone chert tools made of chalcedony, quartz and agate which date to the Middle Stone and Iron Ages.

Alcon ?

Faricea

Faricea
Faricea = Fazira = Hazira ?

Faricea ?
Faricea = Haricera = Kharekuran ?

Nineldai

Elymaine

Elymaine
Elymaine = Erumai nadu.
See map here:
=== See Website discussion ===
Ancient Tamil scripts mention ‘erumai nADu’ which is an obvious reference to Mysore.

Elymaine
Elymaine = ymaine = Umana = Umana Gudde ?

Colasindou

Colasindou
The entire southern end of India was the Cholas state. Map
=== WIKIPEDIA on Cholas state. ===
The heartland of the Cholas was the fertile valley of the Kaveri River.

Kaveri River

NW Ghats

SW Ghats

Pisauta
Pisauta = Ancient Pazhi = Modern Pazhayangadi
See Tamilakam in the Sangam Period map at Tamilakam Wikipedia page.

Tundis

Tundis
Tundis = Thanjavur*
Tundis = Thanjavur* river
Tundis = Tondainad** region
* Major 4th century site here.
**See Tamilakam in the Sangam Period map at Tamilakam Wikipedia page.
=== Website on Thanjavur ===
Thanjavur, one of the most historic cities in India, is not a forgotten ruin or a relic of a lost civilization. It is a city that has carried its legacy forward for over 1,600 years. Established in the 4th century CE, it became the beating heart of Tamil culture under the Chola dynasty, which ruled much of South India. Unlike other ancient cities frozen in time, Thanjavur remains vibrant, blending its deep historical roots with the rhythms of modern life.

Tundis
Tundis = Kadal + Thundis = Kadalundi
Beware of a "Tunda" 722 miles further North, along the coast, shown as "Tundis" on Ptolemy's map.
See Tamilakam in the Sangam Period map at Tamilakam Wikipedia page.
=== Wikipedia on Tyndis ===

Musiris
Reputed site of the spice-port of Musiris, but I believe that Musiris may be Maisūru/Mysuru/Mysore, further north. Note that Ptolemy places Musiris 700 miles north, on the west coast, just south of modern Magdalla.
=== WIKIPEDIA on Musiris ===
In 1983, a large hoard of Roman coins was found at a site around six miles from Pattanam. A series of pioneering excavations carried out by Kerala Council for Historical Research (KCHR, an autonomous institution) at Pattanam from 2007 uncovered a large number of artefacts.[48][49][50][51][52] So far, seven seasons of excavations (2007–14) are completed by KCHR at Pattanam.[53]
The identification of Pattanam as Muziris is a divisive subject among some of the historians of south India. When KCHR announced the possible finding of Muziris based on Pattanam finds, it invited criticism from some historians and archaeologists. Historians such as R Nagaswamy, KN Panikkar and MGS Narayanan disagreed with the identification and called for further analysis.[28][45][52] "Whether Pattanam was Muziris is not of immediate concern to us," the chief of the Kerala Council for Historical Research recently stated to the media.[54] Even the last field report on the excavations (2013) explicitly shows Pattanam as Muziris.[55]
While historian and academic Rajan Gurukkal throws his weight behind the ‘salvage of historic relics at Pattanam’ by KCHR given the sites disturbance due to continual human habitation and activity, he thinks it [ancient Muziris] was no more than a colony of merchants from the Mediterranean. "The abundance of material from the Mediterranean suggests that traders arrived here using favourable monsoon winds and returned using the next after short sojourns," he says. Feeder vessels transported them between their ships and the wharf, but it would be incorrect to say that it was a sophisticated port in an urban setting. The place did not have any evolved administration nor any sophistication. I believe it [Pattanam] was Muziris. Had it been elsewhere, Pattanam wharf and colony would’ve found a mention in available records, he says.[56]
Discoveries from Pattanam Archaeological research has shown that Pattanam was a port frequented by Romans and it has a long history of habitation dating back to 10th century BC. Its trade links with Rome peaked between 1st century BC and 4th century AD.[57]
A large quantity of artifacts represents the maritime contacts of the site with Mediterranean, Red Sea and Indian Ocean rims. The major finds include ceramics, lapidary-related objects, metal objects, coins, architectural ruins, geological, zoological and botanical remains.[55]
Mediterranean: (100 BCE to CE 400) Amphora, terra sigillata sherds, Roman glass fragments and gaming counters.
West Asian, South Arabian & Mesopotamian: (300 BCE - CE1000 ) Turquoise glazed pottery, torpedo jar fragments and frankincense crumbs. Chinese: (CE 1600 – CE 1900) Blue on white porcelain sherds. Regional/Local: (1000 BCE to CE 2000) Black and red ware sherds, Indian rouletted ware, gemstones, glass beads, semi precious stone beads/inlays/intaglio, cameo–blanks, coins, spices, pottery and terracotta objects.
Urban life: (100 BCE to CE 400) burnt bricks, rooftiles, ring-wells, storage jars, toilet features, lamps, coins, stylus, personal adornment items and scripts on pottery.
Industrial character: (100 BCE to CE 400) Metallurgy reflected in iron, copper, gold and lead objects, crucibles, slag, furnace installations, lapidary remains of semi-precious stones and spindle whorls indicating weaving.
Maritime features: (100 BCE to CE 400) Wharf, warehouse, canoe, bollards.
The major discoveries from Pattanam include thousands of beads (made of semi-precious stone), sherds of Roman amphora, Chera-era coins made of copper alloys and lead, fragments of Roman glass pillar bowls, terra sigillata, remains of a long wooden boat and associated bollards made of teak and a wharf made of fired brick.[21][58]
The most remarkable find at Pattanam excavations in 2007 was a brick structural wharf complex, with nine bollards to harbour boats and in the midst of this, a highly decayed canoe, all perfectly mummified in mud. The canoe (6 meters long) was made of Artocarpus hirsutus, a tree common in Malabar Coast, out of which boats are made.[59] The bollards some of which are still in satisfactory condition were made of teak.[60]
Three Tamil-Brahmi scripts were also found in the Pattanam excavations. The last Tamil-Brahmi script (dated to c. 2nd century AD, probably reading "a-ma-na", meaning "a Jaina" in Proto Tamil - Malayalam) was found on a pot-rim at Pattanam. If the rendering and the meaning is not mistaken, it establishes that Jainism was prevalent on the Malabar Coast at least from the 2nd century. This is for the first time the excavators are getting direct evidence relating to a religious system in ancient Kerala.[61]

Blinka
Blinka = Valinokkam

Cotiara
Cotiara = Kodiyakarai
Many cities in this area end -kottai
This region is known as "Cholas."

Patinae
Patinae = Ancient Kāveripattinam
=== Wikipedia on Puhar === The ancient city of Puhar was destroyed by the sea around 300 AD. Marine archaeologists from the National Institute of Oceanography have established that this could have been the effects of sediment erosion and periodic tsunamis. Such a tsunami is mentioned in the Tamil poem Manimekhalai (see below), which relates that the town Kāveripattinam or Puhār was swallowed up by the sea. This event is supported by archaeological finds of submerged ruins off the coast of modern Poompuhar.[5][6] The town of Kāveripattinam is believed to have disappeared around 300 AD due to this tsunami[

Calippa

Calippe
Calippe = Chilika (Major ancient port)
(The basic P-Celtic vs. Q-Celtic evolution)

Calippa
Calippa = Kalapet

Calippe
Calippe = Calingapatnam ?
Calippe = The Region of Kalinga
(The basic P-Celtic vs. Q-Celtic evolution)

Thimara
Thimara = Tamralipti / Tamralipta
=== WIKIPEDIA on Tamralipta ===
Tamralipta or Tamralipti (Pali: Tāmaliti) was a city in ancient Bengal, located on the Bay of Bengal[1] in Midnapore district of modern-day India in West Bengal. The Tamluk town in present-day West Bengal is generally identified as the site of Tamralipti.[2]
Archaeological remains show continuous settlement from about the 3rd century BC. It was known as Tramralipta (in the Puranas and the Mahabharata), Tamralipta (in the Mahabharata), Tamalika (in historical documents), Tamalitti (in foreigners' descriptions), or Tamoluk (in the British Raj). It was a seaport, now buried under river silt. For this reason, Tamluk has many ponds and lakes remaining today.